Digital images can be represented in raster or vector formats. Raster images are composed of pixels while vector images use polygons and paths. Common image file formats include JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF and PNG, each with their own advantages and limitations in terms of quality, size, animation and compatibility. Digital images are formed through radiometric and geometric processes that convert 3D objects into 2D representations. Digital images have many applications, such as in education through digital projectors, and in medicine through diagnostic imaging programs like DICOM.

1. presentation on Images

2. What is image?
• An image is a visual representation
of something. In Multimedia, the
term has several usages:
• An image is a picture that has been
created or copied and stored in
electronic form.

3. history
Did you know that the first digital
camera invented in 1975 didn’t
actually produce the first digital
photograph? The first digital photo
actually came almost two decades
earlier in 1957 when Russell Kirsch
made a 176×176 pixel digital image
by scanning a photograph of his
three-month-old son. The low
resolution was due to the fact that the
computer they used wasn’t capable of
storing more information.

4. Types of image
An image can be described in terms of
Vector Image Raster Image

5. Raster graphics
• In computer graphics, a raster
graphics or bitmap image is a dot
matrix data structure, representing
a generally rectangular grid of
pixels, or points of color, viewable
via a monitor, paper, or other
display medium. Raster images are
stored in image files with varying
formats.

6. Vector Graphics
Vector graphics is the use of
polygons to represent images in
computer graphics. Vector
graphics is based on vectors,
which lead through locations called
control points or nodes.

7. Difference of raster and vector
The difference between vector and
raster graphics is that raster
graphics are composed of pixels,
while vector graphics are composed
of paths.

8. 2D(Two dimensional)

9. 3D(Three Dimensional)

10. 4D(Four dimensional)

11. Digital Imaging Characteristics
• Pixel
• Pixel Size.
• Pixel Bit Depth.
• Matrix
• Field of View

12. formats

13. JPEG
JPEG is short for Joint Photographic Experts Group, and is
the most popular among the image formats used on the
web. JPEG files are very ‘lossy’, meaning so much
information is lost from the original image when you save it
in a JPEG file.

14. original file jpeg file

15. Pros of JPEG Cons of JPEG
• 24-bit color, with up to 16 million
colors
• Most used and most widely
accepted image format
• Compatible in most OS (Mac, PC,
Linux)
• They tend to discard a lot of data
• Cannot be animated
• Does not support transparency

16. GIF
GIF, short for Graphics Interchange Format, is limited to the 8 bit
palette with only 256 colors. GIF is still a popular image format on the
internet because image size is relatively small compared to other
image compression types.GIF is most suitable for graphics, diagrams,
cartoons and logos with relatively few colors. GIF is still the chosen
format for animation effects.

18. Pros of GIF Cons of GIF
• Can support transparency
• Can do small animation effects
• ‘Lossless’ quality–they contain the
same amount of quality as the
original, except of course it now
only has 256 colors
• Great for images with limited colors,
or with flat regions of color
• Only supports 256 colors
• It’s the oldest format in the web,
having existed since 1989. It hasn’t
been updated since, and
sometimes, the file size is larger
than PNG.

19. BMP
• BMP files are made of millions and millions of dots called ‘pixels,’
with different colors and arrangements to come up with an image or
pattern.
• These files are large and uncompressed, but the images are rich in
color
• high in quality
• simple and compatible in all Windows OS and programs
• BMP files are also called raster or paint images.

21. Pros of BMP Cons of BMP
• Works well with most Windows
programs and OS, you can use it
as a Windows wallpaper
• Does not scale or compress well
• Again, very huge image files
making it not web friendly
• No real advantage over other
image formats

22. TIFF
• The ability to store image data in a lossless format makes a TIFF file
a useful image archive, because, unlike standard JPEG files, a TIFF
file using lossless compression (or none) may be edited and re-
saved without losing image quality.

24. Pros of TIFF Cons of TIFF
• Very flexible format, it supports
several types of compression like
JPEG, LZW, ZIP or no compression
at all.
• High quality image format, all color
and data information are stored
• TIFF format can now be saved with
layers
• Very large file size–long transfer
time, huge disk space consumption,
and slow loading time.

25. PNG
• PNG or (Portable Network Graphics) is an image format specifically
designed for the web. PNG is, in all aspects, the superior version of the
GIF.
• Just like the GIF format, the PNG is saved with 256 colors maximum but it
saves the color information more efficiently.
• PNG was actually created for the intent to replace the GIF It is not
designed for print graphics.

27. Pros of PNG Cons of PNG
• Lossless, so it does not lose quality
and detail after image compression
• In a lot ways better then GIF. To
start, PNG often creates smaller file
sizes than GIF
• Supports transparency better than
GIF
• Not good for large images because
they tend to generate a very large
file, sometimes creating larger files
than JPEG.
• Unlike GIF however, it cannot be
animated.
• Not all web browsers can support
PNG.

28. Formation of image
The study of image formation encompasses the radiometric and
geometric processes by which 2D images of 3D objects are formed. In
the case of digital images, the image formation process also includes
analog to digital conversion and sampling.

29. Effect of pixels per Inch

30. Applications of digital images

31. In the field of education
As digital projectors, screens, and
graphics find their way to the
classroom, teachers and students
alike are benefitting from the
increased convenience and
communication they provide, although
their theft can be a common problem
in schools.

32. The field of medical imaging
Medical imaging include amazingly
detailed and accurate imaging of the
brain, lungs, tendons, and other parts
of the body—images that can be used
by health professionals to better serve
patients.

33. Digital Imaging
There is a program called Digital
Imaging in Communications and
Medicine (DICOM) that is changing
the medical world. DICOM is not
only a system for taking high quality
images of the internal organs, but
also is helpful in processing those
images.

34. Facial Recognition
Face recognition is a PC innovation
that decides the positions and sizes of
human faces in self-assertive digital
pictures. It distinguishes facial
components and overlooks whatever,
for example, structures, trees &
bodies.

35. pattern detection
The pattern detection is the study or
investigation from picture processing.
In the pattern detection, image
processing is utilized for recognizing
elements in the images and after that
machine study is utilized to instruct a
framework for variation in pattern. The
pattern detection is utilized in
computer-aided analysis, detection of
calligraphy, identification of images,
and many more.

36. color processing
The color processing comprises
processing of colored pictures and
diverse color locations which are
utilized. This moreover involves study
of transmit, store, and encode of the
color pictures.