With the arrival of the PT to the federal government, with Lula and then with Dilma Rousseff, the past twelve years, Machiavellianism was elevated to the extreme with the rigging of the Brazilian government, whose ministries and public enterprises were taken by assault which came to be allotted to the parties that support the government. Each party receives a share of the administration, including ministries, state enterprises and other public bodies, which are to be managed as if they were properties of these parties and their bosses and can freely appoint his nominees, regardless of whether they have technical, ethical or moral qualifications well to manage public affairs. It should be noted that this practice was not started by the governments of the PT, but was "improved" in the past 12 years overwhelmingly as evidenced in the process of "mensalão" which investigated the buying of votes of legislators in Congress and in Operation “Lava Jato” of Federal Police that is investigating the assault carried out against Petrobras. Numerous scandals occurred during the eight years of the Lula government and the four years of Dilma Rousseff government, when several ministers and members of the second tier were accused of corruption and eventually left their positions, which were passed on to other indicated by the same parties and the spree with public money continued with impunity. The greatest symbol of corruption during the Lula government was the "mensalão", which first took some important policy to prison, though with extremely soft feathers, compared to those received by operators without parliamentary mandate, as Marcos Valerio. With the termination of the purchase of the Pasadena refinery in the United States by Petrobras, which resulted in a loss of more than one billion dollars, the largest business deal coming to the public, it was thought that the matter was finished. Another complaint came to public as the overpricing of the construction of the Abreu e Lima refinery in Pernambuco. To complete the ethical and moral collapse of PT governments, the Brazilian people became aware that we are facing the biggest scandal and robbery ever recorded in the history of Brazil, since the proclamation of the Republic, with the arrests of Youssef money changer and Petrobras's former director, Paulo Roberto Costa. Petrobras had been victimized at R$ 88 billion by the collusion of the PT and allied parties, contractors and oil executives.

1. 1
IN DEFENSE OF ETHICS IN POLITICS AND OF PETROBRAS
Fernando Alcoforado *
Niccolò Machiavelli or Maquiavel as it is known in Brazil summarizes in his book "The
Prince", which should be the art of politics and of to govern well. Machiavelli is
recognized as the founder of modern political science because he written about the
essence of state and government. Machiavelli said in 1513 that man, especially the
politician, what he more demand is the conquest, the preservation and expansion of
power. To achieve and maintain this power no matter the means. Therein lies a critical
point in Machiavellian thought, because with this justification, the state can practice all
forms of violence, whether against its citizens, whether against other states.
Machiavellianism turned therefore synonymous with a political practice deprived of
moral and good faith, and an astute and villain procedure.
This practice devoid of moral and good faith was evident in astute and villain behavior
of PT in the episode of "mensalão". By producing the denunciation against the accused
of "mensalão", the General Prosecutor of the Republic stated that a sophisticated
criminal organization was structured to include crimes such as peculation, money
laundering, active corruption, fraudulent management, in addition to several forms of
fraud that start with the victory of the Workers Party (PT) and Lula's rise to the
presidency in 2002 with the main objective to ensure continuity of PT power project by
buying political support from other political parties and of future financing and past
tense (payment of debts) of their own electoral campaigns.
In politics is not only the individual interests at stake, but also the interest of groups and
the community. Often what appears as something relevant to the community, in fact
masks the personal interest and the political careerist asking for votes and making the
speech of the common good. But even this policy is attached to the interests of groups
that finance their election and, in a way, need to reconcile their self-interest with that of
the social group of which depends financially to give the highest political flights. In
addition, it needs appear to be what it is not: a defender of collective aspirations, the
social welfare of the community. With Machiavelli breaks down the fallacy of policy as
the pursuit of justice and the common good. Gain and maintain power, in short, is the
essential purpose of the policy. This is why Machiavelli wedges his famous and most
controversial sentence: "The end justifies the means" that the PT has adopted since
ascended to power.
With the arrival of the PT to the federal government, with Lula and then with Dilma
Rousseff, the past twelve years, Machiavellianism was elevated to the extreme with the
rigging of the Brazilian government, whose ministries and public enterprises were taken
by assault which came to be allotted to the parties that support the government. Each
party receives a share of the administration, including ministries, state enterprises and
other public bodies, which are to be managed as if they were properties of these parties
and their bosses and can freely appoint his nominees, regardless of whether they have
technical, ethical or moral qualifications well to manage public affairs. It should be
noted that this practice was not started by the governments of the PT, but was
"improved" in the past 12 years overwhelmingly as evidenced in the process of
"mensalão" which investigated the buying of votes of legislators in Congress and in
Operation “Lava Jato” of Federal Police that is investigating the assault carried out
against Petrobras.

2. 2
Numerous scandals occurred during the eight years of the Lula government and the four
years of Dilma Rousseff government, when several ministers and members of the
second tier were accused of corruption and eventually left their positions, which were
passed on to other indicated by the same parties and the spree with public money
continued with impunity. The greatest symbol of corruption during the Lula government
was the "mensalão", which first took some important policy to prison, though with
extremely soft feathers, compared to those received by operators without parliamentary
mandate, as Marcos Valerio. With the termination of the purchase of the Pasadena
refinery in the United States by Petrobras, which resulted in a loss of more than one
billion dollars, the largest business deal coming to the public, it was thought that the
matter was finished. Another complaint came to public as the overpricing of the
construction of the Abreu e Lima refinery in Pernambuco. To complete the ethical and
moral collapse of PT governments, the Brazilian people became aware that we are
facing the biggest scandal and robbery ever recorded in the history of Brazil, since the
proclamation of the Republic, with the arrests of Youssef money changer and
Petrobras's former director, Paulo Roberto Costa. Petrobras had been victimized at R$
88 billion by the collusion of the PT and allied parties, contractors and oil executives.
With the Lula government we had the "mensalão" (corruption in Congress) and under the
Dilma Rousseff government we have "petrolão" (corruption at Petrobras), although it all
began back in the Lula government. Before the assault on the public coffers that are
taking place since the beginning of the Lula government and the current, it is imperative
that the investigations are not restricted by what has happened or is still happening in
Petrobras and the contractors, whose leaders are also and will be arrested. It is important
that this web of corruption are investigated with the other works of direct or indirect
responsibility of the federal government, including the works of the World Cup and
Olympics, PAC works, the electricity sector and also the relationship of these
companies and schemes of corruption with public funding sources, such as BNDES,
Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal and the use of billionaires resources of FGTS,
FAT and more. Another important line of research is the relationship of corruption at
Petrobras with large contractors and the role of them in financing the election campaign
of 2014. According to data released by the press 20 largest contractors in the country,
ten of which have arrested leaders, contributed significantly to the election of Dilma
Rousseff and other candidates of PT, PMDB and other allied base parties.
From all that has just been described, an extremely unfortunate fact are the losses
suffered by Petrobras thanks to the incompetence and the existence of corruption in the
management of the largest company in the country that has lost market value and
presented terrible financial and economic results. A difficult situation to be imagined
some time ago. The market value of Petrobras waned at R$ 150 billion, or 58% since
October 2014. Petrobras today is worth about 30% than it was in 2011. In the last three
years, the market value of Petrobras dropped from R$ 413 billion to R$ 150 billion. In
recent years, the federal government adopted the policy of keeping fuel prices,
particularly gasoline, without further increases to combat inflation which meant that
would prevent the capitalization of Petrobras. Insufficient production of oil products,
especially gasoline, is forcing Petrobras to import it more and more. All this sets
mismanagement, besides being also demonstrated a lack of commitment of those
responsible for the conduct of Petrobras with the company and its shareholders and also
with national interests.

3. 3
Another ominous action of the current government against Petrobras lies in the fact to
promote a significant reduction of Petrobras' exploration activity area for the benefit of
the entry of new private, national and foreign companies through bidding process
(auction) that the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) promotes from 1998. With the
recent Libra field of pre-salt layer auction, which is the area with the greatest potential
for oil production in the world, was consummated another crime against Petrobras and
damages homeland against Brazil when the Brazilian government privatized 60% of the
oil giving it to exploitation by foreign companies. The nation requires ethics in politics
and responsibility of the culprits for the damage done against Brazil and Petrobras.
*Fernando Alcoforado , member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011)
and Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012),
among others.