Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
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Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf
1. Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that's a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes.
