Mathematics advanced during the Renaissance by building on ancient texts and creating new symbols still used today. These mathematical advances led to progress in other fields like engineering, architecture, and astronomy. The spread of new ideas was aided by Johann Gutenburg's printing press in 1456, which used movable type and printed the Gutenburg Bible. New universities also opened across Europe, influenced by the growing idea of individualism, though only men could attend initially. Northern Renaissance humanism focused more on Christianity's history and scholars pushed for religious reform. Literature beyond Italy incorporated Renaissance themes while being written in local languages, with notable works including Cervantes' Don Quixote in Spain and Shakespeare's plays in England.
2. Science and Education
• Mathematics could help understand the
universe
– Studied ancient math texts; built on it
• Created symbols still used today
– Square root, positive and negative numbers
• Advances in math led to advances in
other fields
– Engineers, architects, astronomy
4. Paper Printing
• Johann Gutenburg
– German
– Printing Press
• Used movable type
– 1456 printed the bible: Gutenburg Bible
• Written in Latin
5.
6.
7. New Universities
• Opened in France, Germany, and the
Netherlands
– Idea about value of individuals spread
throughout Europe
– Only men could attend university
• Noble families would educate their daughters
8. Northern Renaissance
• Humanism spread; took more of a
religious tone
– Focused on the history of Christianity
• Northern scholars felt the Church had
become corrupt
– Led charge for reform
• Brought key changes to art
– More realistic
9.
10. Literature Beyond Italy
• Included Renaissance ideas in their works
• Wrote in the languages of their home
countries
• Spain: Miguel de Cervantes
– Don Quixote
• Poked fun at the Middle Ages
• England: William Shakespeare
– Wrote more than 30 plays
