Music Of The Baroque

Music of the Baroque
Unit 3 – Music of the Baroque
1. Name two important visual artists (such as painters) and also two important writers of literature
(such as poets) from the Baroque Period. Do not name musicians.
(Visual Artists) – Peter Paul Rubens & Artemisia Gentileschi / (Writers)– John Fletcher and Francis
Beaumont
2. Write a paragraph about "The Baroque Style".
The baroque style was very well suited to the wishes of the aristocracy, who were enormously rich
and powerful during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, also religious institutions powerfully
shaped the baroque style. Churches used the emotional and theatrical qualities of art to make
worship more attractive and appealing. The middle class too, influenced the development of the ...
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The Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy.
Since no actual dramatic music had come down to them from the Greeks, they based their theories
on literacy accounts that had survived. The Camerata wanted the vocal line to follow the rhythms
and pitch fluctuations of speech.
6. Write a detailed description of each of the following new forms in Baroque music:
A. concerto grosso – Extended composition for instrumental soloists and orchestra, usually in three
movements: (1) Fast, (2) Slow, (3) Fast.
B. Fugue – Polyphonic composition based on one main theme or subject.
C. Opera – Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment, usually a large–scale composition
employing vocal soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes, and society.
D. solo concerto – A piece for a single soloist and an orchestra.
E. Baroque suite – A group of dance, usually in the same key, with each piece in the binary form or
the ternary form.
F. Oratorio – Large–scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a
narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes; often based on biblical stories.
G. Sonata – In baroque music, an instrumental composition in several movements for one to eight
players. In music after the baroque period, an instrumental composition usually in several
movements for one or two players.
H. church cantata – Composition in several movements, usually
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Antonio Vivaldi Research Paper
Antonio Vivaldi was born on March 4, 1678 in the town of Venice, Italy. His father was quite the
musician and helped his son master the violin and also helped him get find lessons from some the
best composers in Italy. Sadly, do to his symptoms that were similar to asthma often causing him to
have severe shortness of breath he was unable to master several instruments. At one point in his
early life he even became a priest but this was short lived do to his continuing health issues therefore
he had to give up his priesthood. "At the age of 25, Antonio Vivaldi was named master of violin at
the Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice" (). This is where he spent in
upwards of thirty years teaching his students and only having

Vivaldi Four Seasons
On Feb. 28 2016, I attended the the concert, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, with my friends in UW Meany
Theater. Antonio Vivaldi, "the red priest", was the most representative composer of Baroque era. He
was highly productive that wrote more than 500 concertos, including both solo and grosso, and The
Four Seasons, four concertos for solo violin and strings, is Vivaldi's most famous masterpiece.
Under the leadership of Tekla Cunningham, Pacific Music Works Orchestra gave us a really pleasure
enjoyment. In order to practice the idea of an orchestra soloists, orchestra members are featuring in a
solo role, and the spirit of Vivaldi's music is really appropriate to perform. The best players of the
Northwest, Cunningham and colleagues Chloe Meyers, Emma ... Show more content on
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Each movement is prefaced by Italian sonnet, describing the joys of each season. Vivaldi brings me
to the natural world of the year by music. Before the performance of each movement, Cunningham
invited a guest to read the poem of that season to help audience have a general idea of the feeling
and the picture that would bring by the performance. It would be better if the guest could read
poems with more emotions. The flat sound cannot reflect the happy spring, the lethargic summer,
the harvest autumn, or the frozen winter. Change in pitch and speed when reading poems would help
show more emotions. There is some debate about the author of sonnet, and some people think
Vivaldi wrote it (Gengaro, 2012). Also, whether the four concerto were written for four seasons or
vice versa is still debatable (Everett,

Why Did Baroque Concerto Changed During The Baroque Era
The baroque concerto has proved to be a very formative aspect of classical music. Without the
emergence of the concerto, music would not be as it is today. Concerto composers changed the way
music was perceived and defied musical norms, introducing new and exciting patterns, sequences,
and combinations.
Concertos have changed drastically throughout the years. What were deemed concertos during the
baroque era, will not always qualify as a concerto by modern definition. A concerto was originally
defined as multiple instruments or voices performing together, typically a piece combining voices
and instruments often in larger numbers. The definition has since changed as the concerto has
become a more distinguishable work. Today, concertos involve a soloist pitted against an orchestra
or ensemble contrasting in movement. Contrast and unity were, ironically, both basic elements of
the baroque concerto. The principal of the concerto was to unite two differing bodies of sound. The
term Concerto is a derivative of the latin term "concertare" which translates as "to contend with."
The first composer to write a work designated as a concerto was Giuseppe Torelli.. Before they were
appointed the term concerto, his early works were known as sonatas and sinfonias. From Torelli's
works of early concerto, inspiration arose. Composers such as J.S. Bach, Corelli, and Vivaldi
adopted this new style and created their own masterpieces out of it.
There are two types of concerti that were popular during the baroque Era: Solo Concerto and
Concerto Grosso. The solo concerto includes one solo instrument set against an orchestra. An
excellent example of the solo concerto is Vivaldi's Four Seasons, a set of Violin Concertos. Sonority
and virtuoso instrumentalists experimented a lot with the solo concerto. The violin was featured in
the solo concerto more than any other instrument. A violin soloist would play something as the
orchestra played against it. The common movement for the solo concerto is allegro, adagio, allegro
(fast, then slow, then fast again.) Concerto grosso involves a small group of soloists and an
orchestra. J.S. Bach's six Brandenburg concertos fall under this category. This type of concerto is
based on opposition

Major Influences On German Baroque Music
1. One of the major influences on German Baroque music was the church and the other major
influence was the state. Germany at that time wasn't how it is now. Germany was composed of small
states and each of those small states had its own Court. In some rare cases it also had Court
Musicians.The composers salary depended on their status and if they had the support of a king or
prince.
2. Bach's music had different forms and styles that came together and were brought to perfection. He
brought baroque music to the peak of its development. He left 48 Preludes and Fugues. This meant
the keyboard would adopt a new equal temperament which made enabled all keys to be played
equally.
3. Baroque music then was slower and baroque music today is like

The Importance of Function Over Form in the Classical...
In the 18th century, the concerto was transformed into a viable instrumental genre to both
demonstrate virtuosity as well as a cohesive character that embodied the natural. Though the series
of changes from the Baroque concerto grosso to the Classical concerto were gradual and cannot be
attributed to a single composer, the Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor K. 466 by Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart is a skillful representation of the genre in that era. Of particular interest in this
concerto is the treatment of sonata form in the first movement. When compared to other
instrumental genres of that era, there is a tangible divide between the sonata form of the concerto
and that of other instrumental genres such as the symphony. To understand this ... Show more
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466, is a synthesis of both sonata form and the Baroque ritornello principle. In this concerto, for
example, the opening orchestra tutti is not a "first exposition," because it remains in the tonic
throughout and does not contain the complete compliment of themes. Thus, this tutti serves as
preparation for the soloist, who enters with a novel theme in measure 77. After the completion of the
exposition in both D–minor and F–major by soloist and orchestra, there is a short transition (mm.
174–192) based upon the opening material leading into the tonally unstable development. The
remainder of the first movement retains much of this format. As W.H. Hadow states, "the form of
the soloist's portions are thus comparable to sonata form, but the form of the whole is still governed
by the ritornello." The different manifestation of sonata form in the genre of the concerto may lead
one to believe that the form of the Classical concerto developed independently of other genres that
exercise this form. In fact, K. 466, with its ritornello principle, bares close resemblance to the da
capo aria. As the Classical concerto functions as a platform for virtuosic display for the soloist,
similar to an aria for a vocalist, the form of the first movement of K. 466 is a result of the stylistic
and functional demands of the concerto. In the 18th century, there was an increase in the ideals of
contrast, communication, expression and

What Is The History Of Classical Music During The Baroque...
The Baroque Period lasted from 1600 to 1750. This period is where studies of classical music began.
During this time period, artists would make their music as intricate as possible to make it sound as
elegant as possible. This was a great time for royalty and nobility. The wealthiest households would
hire musicians, but depending on the household they might would have an entire orchestra. The
households would hire composers to compose songs for parties, balls, and ceremonies. The church
would also hire musicians, because of the general public's love for music. (Craig) Oratorios were
started in the Baroque Period. Oratorios are sung, much like operas, except for they were about
biblical stories. The only main difference is that oratorios are unstaged performances. Oratorios
were usually long performances, lasting for several hours. Churches would normally have them for
the public. Churches would also have Cantatas. Cantatas were basically the same thing as operas,
but they were much shorter. They were usually as long as a church service. (Craig) Instrumental
music was still well loved during the Baroque Period. Instrumental music was used for formal
dances, like balls and parties. Suites were also played; suites were made of different dance
movements. The dance types are allemande, bourree, courante, gavotte, gigue, minuet, sarabande,
and waltz. The music would normally have a constant beat and was often quite repetitive. (Craig)
Vivaldi was a Baroque composer, often known

Paganini Essay
Paganini
"This man with the long black hair and the pale countenance, opens to us with his violin a world
which we had never imagined, except perhaps in dreams. There is in his appearance something so
supernatural that one looks for a glimpse of a cloven hoof or an angel's wing"
Paganini remains one of the most famous virtuosos in the history of music. His concerts were not
only astonishing, but controversial. People could not believe what Paganini was able to do;
consequently, they explained such virtuosity with diabolic myths, finding in the musician the
protagonist of a bizarre tale. However, Paganini was far from being just a myth. He was one of the
most famous virtuosos of the fist half of nineteenth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus an incredulous public accounted for the breath–taking magic of a great violinist performance
on a single string (364).
This was not the only myth surrounding his G string performances. It was also said that Paganini
had committed murder, and in his prison cell, he was allowed to play his violin with only one string,
so he could not hang himself with the aid of several ones (Istel 102). It is alleged that such
allowance led him to the mastering of the G string.
However, the real story unveils more interesting facts that those stated in the legends. The idea of
the G string concerto was conceived by Paganini while he was a chamber virtuoso and court
conductor to Princess Maria Anna Elise, the sister of Napoleon I (Saussine 31). Paganini wanted to
impress a lady, with whom he was "much attached". He promised to write a musical fantasy of love
for her, and he carried out his word with the composition Scène Amoureuse (Love Scene), in which
he presented a dialogue between the G and E strings from his violin, removing the other two from
the instrument (Pulver 55). After finishing his presentation, not only his lady was pleased, but all the
audience. In fact, the Princess cleverly lit a bulb in Paganini's mind by asking

Essay On La Primavera
Cultural Artifacts My first work is "La Primavera" written by the Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi
in 1723. "La Primavera" is one of four violin concertos, each capturing moods and illustrating
stories related to a specific time of year. Each section within this movement illustrate the most
beautiful scenes of the spring season, including birds, babbling brooks, and a thunderstorm.
(Soomo). My second work is an oil on canvas painting, titled "The Grand Canyon of the
Yellowstone" by Thomas Moran. "The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone" was painted in 1872 and
captures the unique geological formations and diverse and extravagant colors of the Midwestern
United States landscape. (Cantrell, 2014). "In an era before color photography, this ... Show more
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Profession The mental health profession can be impacted by the theme, nature. Many mental health
practitioners integrate characteristics of Eco therapy into their practices. Eco therapy is also referred
to as nature therapy and is based on the belief that people are connected and impacted by the
surrounding natural environment. Eco therapy introduces opportunity to explore relationships with
Earth and its systems. The beneficial effects that are achieved through nature result from what is
seen and experienced through all senses. (goodtherapy.org). Having a colorful understanding of the
human experience can enhance the abilities to explore Eco therapy and its diverse impact on various
populations. Humanities Resources My sources consist of Antonio Vivaldi, by Thomas Schunk,
(2013); Antonio Vivaldi and the "Four Seasons" explained, by Ángeles Saavedra, (2010); Thomas
"Yellowstone" Moran: Influencing Change with Art, by Megan Cantrell, (2014). Each of the chosen
sources provides detailed information regarding the life and experiences of the creators of the
artifacts in addition to detailed insight of the pieces of work chosen. Although each source provides
detailed insight on the artifacts and the creators, the area of emphasis differs. The process used when
searching for sources consisted of several approaches. One of the chosen sources was retrieved from
the online database provided through SNHU

Comparison and Contrast of Classical Composers Handel and...
Classical composers comparison and contrast: Handel versus Bach
Handel and Bach are considered two of the greatest composers of all time. However, when
comparing the output of these two musicians, the diversity manifest in music in the era when they
wrote immediately becomes apparent. Handel, although he used religious subject matter, is usually
characterized as fundamentally a 'secular' composer. He composed for the concert hall, not the
church, and primarily as a result of royal commissions. His music is strident, powerful, and large in
scope. It is designed to entertain, rather than to spur contemplation (The pure power of Handel's
'Hallelujah Chorus', NPR, 2008). Bach, in contrast, often created music designed to be performed in
sacred spaces. His music is more fluid and nuanced in style and designed more to spur
contemplation and devotion rather than excite people's interest as a piece of entertainment. Handel's
"Halleluiah Chorus" from the Messiah is one of the most famous pieces in all of Western classical
music. The Chorus uses "the rhythm of the word hallelujah," to structure the piece, lengthening the
first note, and creating a stirring 'explosion' of sound at the end (The pure power of Handel's
'Hallelujah Chorus', NPR, 2008). The "King of Kings" passage is a single note, but by "repeating the
passage in higher and higher registers...[e]ach one seems to be the highest you could possibly get,"
creating the "climax of the piece" (The pure power of Handel's

Definition Of A Concerto
In this essay I will explain the definition of a concerto, what it is, where it was developed and who
made it popular. I will also discuss the most creative composer of the solo concerto who was
Antonio Vivaldi. Thirdly I will focus on the main traits Vivaldi developed in a concerto with
reference to one of his most enchanting works The Four Seasons.
Concerto
A concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an
orchestra .The soloist will have the opportunity to show their potential during the cadenza part in a
concerto. A cadenza is an embellished solo section, usually placed at the end of the first movement
of a concerto. Concerto defines as a word both meaning "competing "and "accommodating".
Contrast, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The structural thinking behind the Four Seasons was that each movement – twelve in all (three per
season) – would evoke a certain mood. Vivaldi delivered elegance and originality in his work. His
music mirrors graphically the action described; this literary link is called program music.Vilvaldis
four season concertos were based on an Italian sonnet, likely written by Vivaldi where he depicts
and illustrates the narratives through his compositions. For example, in Vivaldi's second concerto
summer he depicts a peaceful, calm mood at the beginning of the first movement. The atmosphere is
extraordinarily vivid, depicting the oppressive heat from the Mediterranean sun. The plaintive signs
of the violin, separated by silences which suggest the intake of breath is a tiring exertion, it gives no
hint to the explosive energy that lies ahead. (See example two). In the concerto Winter he evokes a
thunder storm,with the use of piercing high notes in the violin at a rapid speed. For

Johannes Brahms Essay
The piece of music I have chosen is 4 Symphonien composed by Johannes Brahms, 1833–1897;
conducted by Herbert von Karajan, 1908–1989; produced by Hans–Ludwig Hirsch; performed by
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (Berliner Philharmoniker) (Deutsche Grammophon, 1990).
According, to Wikipedia (2017) "Johannes Brahms, born 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897 was a German
composer and pianist of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms
spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria" (p. 1). They further write, "His reputation and
status as a composer is such that he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig
van Beethoven as one of the "Three Bs" of music, a comment originally made by the nineteenth–
century ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His music is firmly rooted in the structures and compositional techniques of the Classical masters"
(p. 1).
Reflection
This selection of music contains 4 symphonies which each symphony has 4 movement in itself and
is performed by an orchestra. In each symphony I have come to realize that each symphony
brilliantly exhibits intriguing melodies that are mainly homophonic, but in some parts polyphonic.
The feeling I get as I listen to each section of the orchestra is that they have something to say to each
other and that the texture is linguistic and emotional as the string section sets the heart of the melody
and the percussion and woodwinds imitate or answer with their own melody.
The intensity in each symphony is expressed by the wide range of pitch as the violins played and the
horns and the flutes resonate their sound as a response to the string section create a very joyful and
pleasant listening experience. At times, the music makes me think I am in a Forrest or by a River or
on a journey experiencing the surprises of life or the challenges of it. I can feel each musical
instruments timbre and it sets my mood in each section of the symphony, sad or happy the rhythmic
tones from the orchestra also sounds like a lullaby at some points of the

Beethoven's Violin Concerto
Ludwig van Beethoven is considered one of the greatest and most influential composers in the
history of music. His Violin Concerto in D Major has been played by nearly every soloist in the past
150 years and, today, it is one of the major works in violin repertoire. Since its premiere by Franz
Clement in the winter of 1806, many aspects of the violin, bow, and performance have undergone
changes. This paper discusses the modern day knowledge of Beethoven 's Violin Concerto, and how
it is influencing the way violinists interpret and perform the concerto. It also points out some of the
different performance styles starting from Clement 's time to the present day. Ludwig van Beethoven
(1770 – 1827) was born in Bonn, which is part of modern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Joachim also composed two cadenzas for the concerto, but most players today choose the Viennese
violinist Fritz Kreisler 's cadenzas from the 1920 's.8 When Beethoven was writing the Violin
Concerto, orchestral instruments were very similar to those used in Haydn 's and Mozart 's time.9
During the 19th century, violin luthiers were trying to recreate Italian Stradivari and Guarneri
models, including the most famous luthier in Germany during Beethoven 's time. Rode, Kruetzer,
Baillot, all alive during Beethoven 's time period, were known to play on Stradivarius violins, with
pernambuco wood bows that were of the Tourte style.10 François Tourte was the most innovative
bow maker of all times, and he invented the modern bow, which produced a bigger sound, and
allowed for a new galaxy of bow techniques. All subsequent bows have been variations of the Tourte
style. Violins during Beethoven 's time used gut strings, made from sheep or goat intestines. It
produced a softer, darker sound than that of modern strings made of metal and synthetic materials,
introduced around the third quarter of the 19th century. Other changes to the violin after Beethoven
's time include the use of the chin and shoulder rests, which were created by the violinist Louis
Spohr (1784 – 1859). The chin rest lifts the the chin above the violin, so that it does not have to
touch the violin top, allowing it resonate better with less damping.11 Many of the

Concerto Vs Grosso
During the Baroque period, there were two concepts of music: concerto and concerto grosso. A
concerto was a piece written with a soloist and an orchestra, and a concerto grosso is a piece written
for multiple soloist (Bonds). A concerto grosso was meant to pit a small group of soloists and the
small orchestra against each other through sound. The soloists each have contrasting sounds that
work together to have a different sound from the entire orchestra; for example, in Brandenburg
Concerto no. 2, Bach uses to loudness of the trumpet and the highness of the oboe to contrast with
the stringed instruments in the orchestra. The form of a concerto grosso is the ritornello principle
(Bonds). This is the changing of sections of music between the

The Cleveland Orchestra: A Concert Review
The Cleveland Orchestra, Vassily Sinaisky Conductor
Blossom Music Center, Cuyahoga Falls, OH
Program: All Tchaikovsky Festival
Romeo and Juliet Fantasy–Overture
Variations on a Rococo Theme, Op. 33 with Daniel Muller–Schott, Cello
Symphony #1 "Winter Dreams"
The Cleveland Orchestra is one of the top five American Orchestras, and was founded in 1918.
Through its history, it has had such famous music directors as Geoge Szell (1946–1970), Lorin
Maazel (1972–1982), and Christop von Dohnanyi (1984–2002). Since 2002, Franz Wesler–Most has
held that position at least through the year 2018. Under Wesler–Most, the orchestra has moved back
into the recording realm, touring nationally and internationally, staged opera, expanded educational
programs, and even collaboration with the Miami City Ballet (Kappes, 2008).
In doing some preliminary research about the orchestra prior to the performance, the years of Post–
World War II through 1970, the so–called Szell Years, seem to be the time in which the orchestra
was reformed and revised to become a world renowned sound, numerous recording contracts, and
even international fame. This was accomplished over time, and a number of firings and resignations,
by focusing on precision and more ensemble playing that was unheard of in most American
orchestras of the time (Rosenberg, 2000). It is also interesting to note that Cleveland is the smallest
city of all the Top American Orchestras (Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Chicago). Unlike the

Concerto Grosso Music
Baroque Concerto Grosso
A Concerto Grosso is a genre of music where the musical material is passed between a small group
of soloists (the concertino) and a full orchestra (the ripieno). The concertino generally has more
virtuosic music than the ripieno, and they do not often share thematic material. It was developed in
the late 17th Century, although the term 'Concerto Grosso' would not be used until 1698 when
Gregori published a set of 10 compositions.
There are 2 forms of the Concerto Grosso – the concerto da chíesa (a church concert) and the
concerto da camera (a chamber concert). The concerto da chíesa alternated between fast and slow
movements, and the concerto da camera was similar to a suite, in that it was introduced by a
prelude, and incorporated popular dance ideas of the time.
Concerto Grosso in D minor Concerto Grosso in D minor was composed by Antonio Vivaldi and
was published in 1711. The concertino is made up of two violins and a cello, and the ripieno is made
up of strings and a continuo. For the first 20 bars of the piece, the two solo violins play
unaccompanied. The second movement (the Adagio e spiccato) is extremely short (only three bars
long), and the instrumentation is tutti, as everyone is playing. In the third movement the solo cello
does not play as the solo violins converse with each other. The Concerto is in D minor, and rarely
changes key, however it does modulate briefly to the subdominant and the dominant keys (G minor
and A minor).

Musical Composers Essay
Musical Composers
Baroque and Classical Orchestras – Differences
Baroque Orchestras Classical Orchestras
String section and basso continuo central to the orchestra. Other instruments are occasional
additions. Standard group of four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Different
instruments treated individually.
Fairly small; generally 10– 40 players. Larger than baroque; great variation to the numbers of
players.
Flexible use of timbres, e.g. Timpani and trumpets used generally just for festive music.
Standardised sections. Most sections used regularly.
Tone colour is distinctly secondary to other musical elements. Greater variety of tone colour and
more rapid changes of colour.
Timbre is unimportant and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First movement has solo passages extending into long sections; alternated between four or five
ritornello sections. First movement constructed in a variant of ritornello form with a double
exposition.
Violin is preferred concerto solo instrument although the harpsichord becomes more and more
popular throughout the century. The newly prominent piano takes over as the most popular solo
instrument.
Composers rely heavily on ritornello form. More freedom in the form although a sinfonia proper is
later developed.
The melody is made up of long, drawn–out phrases. The melodies are shorter motifs.
Minuet and trio third movement. Minuet and trio is left out of the dramatic symphonic form.
Expansion of Music in the 20th Century
There are many elements that led to the expansion of music in the 20th Century. In some ways these
elements were all linked to each other and it is difficult to say what events or ideas triggered the
huge development of music. For example, World War I and II in the first half of the century lead to
the rapid development of technology and communications as well as, eventually, political and social
freedom, all aspects which have created changes and growth. The great advances in technology were
in part responsible for globalism, although nationalism was also partly a product of the wars. The
advent of the Great Wars also produced great emotion.
The father of 20th Century music is often said to be Claude

Johann S. Bach: A Classical Composer During The Baroque Era
Johann S. Bach was a classical composer and a very good performer. He was one of the best
composers during the Baroque era and took the position of organist for many different places during
his career. Bach was and is a very important person in the classical music genre.
At first, he was an organist for the New Church. Bach would provide music for special events and
the religious services held at the church. He was supposed to give music instruction, but he was
arrogant and independent. This made it difficult for him to get along with the students and the
church officials scolded him for not rehearsing enough and having trouble with the kids. Bach then
disappeared for a few months without telling anyone where he was going. He ended up going to
Lubeck to listen to a well known organist and extended his stay afterwards. He left his home in
Arnstadt and got a position as an organist at the Church of St. Blaise in Muhlhausen. Bach only
ended up staying in this position for a year because he liked the complex arrangements and liked to
weave different melodic lines together, while the pastor thought that church music should be simple
and plain. He then post the post of organist at the court of the Duke Wilhelm Ernst in Weimar where
he wrote some of his best compositions and cantatas. While here, Bach tried to take a position with
Prince Leopold of Anhalt–Cothen instead but Duke Wilhelm Ernst didn't want him to go and
imprisoned him for several weeks and then he was released and and went to Cothen. At Cothen
Bach spent most of his time playing music. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He could use melody to suggest actions and events and dew multiple styles of music from around
Europe, including French and Italian. Bach used counterpoint and fugue to create detailed
compositions. He was considered the best composer of the Baroque era and is one of the most
important people in classical

The Meaning Of The Four Seasons
In this essay I will explain the definition of a concerto, what it is, where it was developed and who
made it popular. I will also discuss the most creative composer of the solo concerto who was
Antonio Vivaldi. Thirdly I will focus on the main traits Vivaldi developed in a concerto with
reference to one of his most enchanting works The Four Seasons.
Concerto
A concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an
orchestra .The soloist will have the opportunity to show their potential during the cadenza part in a
concerto. A cadenza is an embellished solo section, usually placed at the end of the first movement
of a concerto. Concerto defines as a word both meaning "competing "and "accommodating".
Contrast, is a popular aspect in a concerto during the Baroque ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The structural thinking behind the Four Seasons was that each movement – twelve in all (three per
season) – would evoke a certain mood. Vivaldi delivered elegance and originality in his work. His
music mirrors graphically the action described; this literary link is called program music.Vilvaldis
four season concertos were based on an Italian sonnet, likely written by Vivaldi where he depicts
and illustrates the narratives through his compositions. For example, in Vivaldi's second concerto
summer he depicts a peaceful, calm mood at the beginning of the first movement. The atmosphere is
extraordinarily vivid, depicting the oppressive heat from the Mediterranean sun. The plaintive signs
of the violin, separated by silences which suggest the intake of breath is a tiring exertion, it gives no
hint to the explosive energy that lies ahead. (See example two). In the concerto Winter he evokes a
thunder storm,with the use of piercing high notes in the violin at a rapid speed. For

The Lament Of The Queen Of Sweden
The Lament of the Queen of Sweden
Luigi Rossi was employed in the Borghese court in Rome in 1620. The seventeenth century in Rome
marked an increase in the level of musical productivity. Some of the finest musicians including
Frescobaldi, Marlo Mazzocchi, Savioni and Carissimi were active in Rome at this time. Another
incredibly important patron of Rossi was Antonio Barberini who was very impressed by Rossi's
works. Rossi's music circulated in France in the early 1640s as well. In 1641, Ottavio Castelli sent
Cardinal Richelieu a copy of Ferito un cavaliere, (a Wounded Knight) recommending it to Jules
Mazarin. This piece was composed by Rossi as a lament of the Queen of Sweden set to a text by
Fabio della Corgna, where the Queen Maria Eleanora ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Musically, the piece employs the use of a ground bass – the descending tetra chord which had by
this time begun to be associated almost exclusively with the lament. The spiraling and constant
downward motion of the ground bass with the repetitive harmonies of the frustrated cadence became
so strongly associated with the genre of laments that the use of heightened rhetoric or further
embellishments was not necessary for the despair and the intense emotions of the lament to be heard
and identified. The ground bass alone became the fundamental basis of laments. 'Lamento del la
Regina di Suezia' in particular is set as versi sciolti – recitative form throughout the entire piece. It is
similar to Barbara Strozzi's lament 'Lagrime mie' in that both pieces have a musical and textual
refrain. The refrain of the Queen of Sweden lament seems to be the most emotionally charged lines
of the piece whereby she sings in a sort of emotional frenzy "Give me someone, for pity's sake, who
will kill me!" (datemi per pietade un che m'uccida) The music of the refrain also corresponds with
the emotions using affective dissonances The idea that the queen wishes for someone to kill her
rather than live in a world without her King husband is an indicator of how distraught and hysterical
she had become and hints at her mental instability in the period after his death. The lament itself is
moving and effective. As rage overcomes the queen at the injustice of Gustavus' death she implores
the people to take up arms and "submerge the earth in torrents of blood, may every town be torched
at your hands, may every province burn, kill, wound, do not spare the wicked ones" in order to
avenge his death. The music changes to highlight her rage and then her incessant despair
appropriately matching her tone lending a unique air to the

Programme Notes
Programme Note: DipABRSM | Date: 1st June 2009 | | Word Count: 1,085 words | | | | |
Partita for solo violin no.3 in E, BWV 1006 J.S Bach (b. 21 March 1685 in Eisenach;d. 28 July 1750
in Leipzig)
Bach was the son of Johann Ambrosius Bach, court trumpeter for the Duke of Eisenach and director
of musicians of the town of Eisenach in Thuringia. It is probably from his father that he learned the
fundamentals of music. The Bach family throughout Thuringia had held positions such as organists,
town instrumentalists, or Cantors, for many years and the family name enjoyed widespread renown
for their musical talent. While he was ten, he was orphaned and went to live with his elder brother
Johann Christoph, organist at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The development is in the key of F minor. There is a dramatic change of the theme from sweet to
energetic with the used of harsh sfotzando, staccato and forte–piano marking. Also, in one of the
passages, Beethoven had used quaver triplets to create an energetic, driving texture– a hall mark of
Beethoven's style. The first five bars of recapitulation are exactly the same as the opening except for
the accompaniment's part. The left hand of the piano part has more movement in it. As the
recapitulation continues, there is a great difference in rhythm and harmony. Beethoven constructed
the ending dramatically when the violin and piano change from a soft answering figure to unison
scale passage that drives with a crescendo to the conclusion of the movement.
Violin Concerto no.3 in B minor, Op.61: 1st Movement
Camille Saint–Saëns (b. October 9, 1835 in Paris; d. December 16, 1921 in Algiers)
The son of a clerk in the Ministry of the Interior, Saint–Saëns was primarily raised by his mother
and great–aunt as his father died three months after he was born. He began to play the piano at the
age of two and by the time he was ten, he had memorized all of Beethoven's piano sonatas. In 1848,
Saint–Saëns began studying at the Paris Conservatoire, where he studied organ and composition. He
later became a piano professor, teaching students such as Faure and Messager. Saint–Saëns wrote
his first symphony in 1852 and continued to compose

Informative Essay On Orchestra
Hey! People should join orchestra because... When the musicians are sick the music will sound
gross (if you're in band). Practice Your Music In orchestra if people practice their music they'll great
rewards . If people practice their music, therefore they'll play better. Also, if people practice their
music they'll can get 1st violin. "The first violins play the highest–pitched part." Sometimes if
people practice they might get a solo piece. If people practice their music the result could be that
they can sit in the front so their sound projects more.
What Instrument Was Made 1st??? In orchestra there are five different instruments, including the
harp. First in an orchestra was the harp (3000 bc). Next that was created in an orchestra is a violin
(1530's). After that the next instrument that was created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Orchestra is a group of musicians who play together on various instruments." For examples an
orchestra could be The Chicago Symphony Orchestra or The Elgin Symphony Orchestra. Some
examples of what instruments that are in orchestra is a violin and cello etc. Orchestra has string
instruments such as the violin, viola, cello, bass, and harp.
Different Types Of Instruments
The Different types of instruments are going to be sorted by violin, bass,and cello. The first group is
violin, the violin is a wooden string instrument in the string family. The violin is the smallest and
highest pitched instrument. Bass, the bass is the largest and lowest pitched string instrument. Cello,
the cello is a bowed instrument in the string family. It is held upright on the floor between the legs
of a seated person.
The 5 subtopics are... Practice your music, What instrument was made first, Orchestra or band, What
is orchestra, and lastly different types of instruments. Also, people who don't know what instrument
to play or rather they're going to join band or orchestra, join orchestra and play the

Richard B. Klaus : A Listening Guide
In his concerto for trombone and orchestra, Concertino in Eb Major, Ferdinand David composed a
concerto that would forever change the world of trombone. Since its original composition in 1837,
the Concertino has become a standard piece of trombone repertoire. While it is believed that there
have been changes since the original score was written, it still remains to be a staple in the education
of trombone players.
Recent Scholarship Kenneth B. Klaus wrote a book which studies the Romantic Period in Music. In
this book, Klaus states in the preface that the romantic period in music (as well as any other art
from) is not a time where everything is the same, but is uniformed in the sense that they are moving
away from the standard form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He and his sister both were child prodigies, and took their music very seriously. Some have believed
that David played a part in influencing his sister to practice the piano, while others believe that she
had as much natural talent as he did.
Along with violin lessons with Spohr, David studied music theory with Moritz Hauptmann starting
at the age of 13. This is believed to be what caused him to want to be a conductor and a composer,
since he was actively involved in music theory from such a young age. Eventually David began to
study with Felix Mendelssohn who became his primary mentor and inspiration. While in his early
years studying under Mendelssohn, David was an active performer with various orchestras that
Mendelssohn had connections in, but eventually David finally packed away the violin and became
the conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra. David was the conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra
for the rest of his life.
While in his last years, David was urged by his doctors not to play the violin anymore. His response
was something along the lines of "If I cannot play, then I do not want to live", which shows his
dedication to his craft regardless of age. David is remembered primarily for his transcriptions, a
bassoon concerto, and his trombone concerto.
History of the Concerto
When the Concertino in Eb Major was written, David had just assumed the leadership of the
Gewandhaus Orchestra. The reason that the concertino was written was

Alessandro Scarlatti
Marco Attilio Regoló by Alessandro Scarlatti, the visual, and performing arts in the Baroque are
very similar. Both the visual and music were very dramatic leaving the audience craving more. Both
Alessandro Scarlatti and the Baroque had Operas which was the greatest musical invention on the
era. Both styles of art have motion to them, even the Baroque paintings. Marco Attilio Regoló by
Alessandro Scarlatti and the Baroque era are both dramatic and have motion in the art. Marco Attilio
Regoló by Alessandro Scarlatti opera shows drama through the singing. The singer takes long
pauses and stretches words to emphasize them. The actors also make the scene dramatic because of
their powerful movements with the music. The music is dramatic because

The Baroque Era Essays
THE BAROQUE AGE
Social and Cultural Background
Baroque is a term borrowed from the visual arts and one that is used in many different senses. The
Baroque Era applies to the years between
1600 and 1750. The most famous composers of this time were Bach, Handel,
Vivaldi and Teleman.
Politically it was an age of magnificent absolute Monarch's. The most magnificent of all was Louis
XIV of France. Louis ruled from 1634 until 1713.
During this time the need to create a national culture or a regional style that would match or surpass
the elsewhere created cultural models was pressed for.
When looking at Baroque architecture it is noticeable that the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The composers at this time usually did not specify dynamics on their pieces, they simply wrote
"loud" or "soft."
The most prominent element in Baroque music was rhythm and texture. Baroque's fast movement
generally caused the feeling of rhythmic drive. Tempos were always constant. The least prominent
element was melody. Gradual rise of tonality on the other hand was a great Baroque innovation.
This is the major–minor system that is still used today in the twentieth century.
Opera was one of the most important developments in the Baroque
Era. It began in Florence in 1600. French operas featured more emphasis on the orchestra and
chorus. During this time Handel invented the oratorio.
An oratorio is a large work for soloists, chorus, and orchestra sung in concert format, without
costumes or staging, in a concert hall rather than as part of a church service. Some other
instrumentals formed during this era were: Concerto Grosso: in three movements, fast–slow–fast,
and pits a large group of soloists against the larger string ensemble.
Suite: a less formal structure consisting of several binary dance movements Fugue: Latin for "flight"
or "chase," denotes a standard Baroque compositional process.
Johann

George Frederick Handel Essay
George Frederick Handel
George Frederick Handel was born on February 24, 1685 in Halle, Germany.
One of the greatest composers of the late baroque period (1700–50) and, during his lifetime, perhaps
the most internationally famous of all musicians. Handel was born February 24, 1685, in Halle,
Germany, to a family of no musical distinction. His own musical talent, however, expressed itself so
clearly that before his tenth birthday he began to receive, from a local organist, the only formal
musical instruction he would ever have. Although his first job, beginning just after his 17th birthday,
was as church organist in Halle, Handel's musical tendencies lay elsewhere. Thus, in 1703 he
traveled to Hamburg, the operatic center of Germany; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under the sponsorship of the duke of Chandos, he composed his oratorio
Esther and the 11 Chandos anthems for choir and string orchestra (1717–20). By
1719 Handel had won the support of the king to start the Royal Academy of Music for performances
of opera, which presented some of Handel's greatest operas:
Radamisto (1720), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), and Rodelinda (1725).
In 1727 Handel became a naturalized British citizen; in 1728 the academy collapsed. He formed a
new company the following year. Forced to move to another theater by the Opera of the Nobility, an
opponent company, in 1734, he continued to produce opera until 1737, when both houses failed.
Handel suffered a stroke and retired to Aachen (Aix–la–Chapelle) to recover. In 1738 Handel, as
determined as ever, began yet another operatic effort, which ended with his last opera, Deidamia, in
1741. During the 1730s, however, the most important directions taken by Handel were, first, the
composition of English dramatic oratorios, notably Athalia (1733) and Saul (1739); and, second, the
surge of instrumental music used in connection with the oratorios, including some of
Handel's greatest concertos—the solo concertos of op. 4 (1736, five for organ and one for harp) and
the 12 concerti grossi of op. 6 (1739). In 1742, Messiah, the work for which he is best known, was
first performed in Dublin. Handel
continued

Summary: Two Significant Impact Of German Baroque Music
Two noteworthy impacts of German Baroque music were the German violin bow and the genuine
harmonies that were frequently played. These elements impacted Bach particularly in light of the
fact that they made his violin solo more intriguing and more exact. The Church and the State
additionally affected the Baroque music.
Before Bach music wasn't as intriguing than after on the grounds that the German grouped different
instruments which played harmonies that made Bach's performance pieces more fascinating.
The performances of Baroque music have changed over time. The balance and timbre haven't
changed that much and has stay similar but the tempi have changed drastically by becoming a little
bit faster tempi.
The baroque spirit is when

The Baroque Era Essay examples
The Baroque Era
The Baroque era was a unique period in music that began during the 1600's and ended around 1750.
The word "baroque" is define by Merriam's Collegiate Dictionary as, "of, relating to, or having the
characteristics of a style of artistic expression prevalent esp. in the 17th century that is marked
generally by use of complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting
elements often conveying a sense of drama, movement, and tension." The word "baroque" has been
used to indicate paintings, poems, architecture, literature, and all else that is dynamic and
astonishing.
The Baroque time was filled with musical geniuses. People like Franz Josef Haydn, George Frideric
Handel, and Claudio Monteverdi. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thomas church in Leipzig. This was a demanding job in which Bach composed canatas for the St.
Thomas and St. Nicholas churches, conduct the choirs, oversee the musical activities of numerous
municipal churches, and teach Latin in the St. Thomas choir school. Bach remained at his post in
Leipzig until his death in 1750. Although he excelled his forbears and contemporaries, he did not
receive the respect he deserved until after his death. Bach is now regarded as one of the greatest
composers of all composers and is a source of inspiration for musicians.
While Bach's musical career centered around Germany, Antonio Vivaldi was the son of a
professional violinist whose musical career cantered in Italy. Born on March 4, 1678, Vivaldi was a
virtuoso violinist and composer whose works included over 500 concertos.
Vivaldi's output was enormous. It is said that he invented ritornello form. If he did not invent this, he
was the first to use this technique. In 1703, Vivaldi began an on and off relationship with the
Ospedale della Pieta, a home for the female offspring of noblemen and their mistresses. Vivaldi
remained working this post for much of his life. He did, however, take leave to compose many of his
famous operas such as Ottone in villa, his first opera.
Baroque music symbolized a changing in the times. From the early period, when Bach introduced
his rich polyphonic concertos and excelled as a virtuoso organist and composer. The evolution of
music

Essay On The Baroque Era
The Baroque era existed between 1600–1750, it was an era of freedom in composition,
improvisation, drama and urgency which was present in many aspects throughout the era.Historical
event took place, such as the thirty year war which occurred between the years 1618–1648, the
discovery of New York by Henry Hudson in 1626, building of St. Peter's square in 1656 and the
ruling of different kings in this time period. Through the work of Bach,Vivaldi and Handel, the
Roman Catholic Church, dramatic aspects and writing for royalty are ideas and influences that make
this era distinct from other eras.
The Roman Catholic Church played a major influence on the music played and composed, this is
specifically shown in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach was born on March 31, 1685 and is
a major composer associated with the Baroque era, he was an organist and composer that worked in
different churches. His later works in leipzig revolved around the church and creating musical
interpretations of the bible. The St. Matthew's passion written in 1727– 1729 by Bach portrays the
story from Matthew's gospel about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antonio Vivaldi, born in 1678 was a composer who was successful and known for his concertos.
The Four Seasons, written in 1720 by Vivaldi is a concerto which consisted of alternation between a
solo instrument and the orchestra, this created a dramatic sound within the music because of the
tension build up between the soloist and the orchestra. Dramatic aspects are also shown through
another one of Vivaldi's concertos called Concerto for Two Trumpets, this also featured alternation
between soloist and the rest of the orchestra. The soloists were trumpets where they were showcased
in the piece. Through the works of Vivaldi it is shown that baroque composers used drama to make
their pieces more

Analysis Of Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons
Antonio Vivaldi, a Baroque composer conceived in Venice in 1678, is extremely outstanding for his
sonatas, musical dramas, and vocal music, yet especially for his 500 or more concertos. Among
these works is potentially Vivaldi's most prestigious concerto, "The Four Seasons". This piece is to a
great degree expressive, particularly as it is joined by an individual poem for each season, which
gives the entertainers a manual for deciphering the nuances that are ever–present in Vivaldi's works.
[1] Vivaldi is additionally the most illustrative European author of a kind that he advanced in the
1710s, the twofold violin concerto, and these works are known to have impacted future writers,
notwithstanding including Bach.[2] Vivaldi is likewise said to have either imagined or if nothing
else to have promoted ritornello in his concertos, notwithstanding numerous different ideas, for
example, little motivic units that he utilized as topics, and his utilization of mood to fabricate strain
as his creations escalated.[3] Vivaldi was a critical arranger in his chance and even right up 'til today
as a result of his various synthesis, the new melodic structures he presented, and the numerous
melodic ideas that he promoted through his pieces. This paper will initially talk about the foundation
paving the way to Vivaldi's profession and different life effects on his music, trailed by the different
melodic structures and ideas that he utilized, a standout amongst the most surely understood

Why Is Bach Important
If we are to evaluate Bach's significance as a tutor, should we then assess the success of his
students? Bach had taught numerous pupils during his life, particularly since c. 1706/7, where most
primary sources are dated from. Johann Casper Vogler was one of Bach's 'successful' students who
became a nationally known organist and won an exclusive examination performance in the Markt–
Kirche at Hanover. In 1721 he moved to take Bach's former post as Organist for the Weimar Court.
Vogler, previously known as "Anonymous 18", is of significance today through his hand copies of
Bach's works. His copy of Bach's Prelude and Fughetta in C Major, BWV 870a, is of particular
influence, being highly regarded within performance study practices for having the fingerings
written out. It is seen that Bach's teaching methods went beyond the scope of influencing his direct
pupils. Johann Tobias Krebs was another of Bach's 'acclaimed' students who in 1721 accepted the
post as Organist at Buttelstedt. Here he was expected to play the organ of Michaeliskirche and
instruct at the school. Although J. T. Krebs remained at Buttelstedt for the rest of his life, he is
mostly acknowledged as being the father of Johann Ludwig Krebs, also a student of Bach. Johann
Ludwig Krebs became to be considered comparable to Bach; continuing the genius particularly
through his keyboard technique and counterpoint. The names of some other notable pupils of Bach
include Johann Martin Schubart, who in 1717 succeeded Bach at his organist post in Weimar.
Another student was Johann Schneider who became organist of St. ... Show more content on
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He was of significance to his pupils and contempory musical connoisseurs in a way that set the
foundation for the rest of Western Art music to follow. For many Bach is like coming home, in fact,
"...in old Bach there is always something astonishing, and, what is the main thing, there is always
something to be learned from

Baroque Period Research Paper
Baroque Period, during which a few of the greatest composers on this planet were born, brought
classical music onto a whole new level. The word "Baroque", which came from the Portuguese for
"the imperfect pearl", implies strange, extravagant and overblown. Toccata, fugue, chorale, ortario,
and the concerto Grosso, all of these special musical forms were created and represent this period.
The six main characteristics: increased emotional expression, contrast, use of basso continuo,
continued harmonic development, use of ornament, and the emphasis of improvisation, molded the
unique style of music of the Baroque period.
First of all, one of the most important characteristics of music in this period was the increased
emotional expression. During the Renaissance, emotions of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
At this period, composers rarely wrote out ornaments because they expected performers to add them
on their own. Thus, sometimes the same piece sounds different because performers add ornaments
on their own. Additionally, long treaties about proper usage of ornaments were written.
Finally, the last element is the emphasis on improvisation: the ability to extemporaneously compose
on an existing melody. This is often considered as a chance to show off for the performers. Through
improvisations and ornaments which were both elaborated by the extemporaneously composition of
performers added interest and differences between music and even the same piece of music might
sound different.
All of these elements constructed the unique structure and texture of the Baroque music. Without
any one of them, music would not be as interesting as it is now, and the signature of each composer
and characteristic of each piece would not be as different as they are now. Through understanding
these characteristics, one can further understand the texture of Baroque music and understand what
the composer thought while composing this

The Evolution of the Concerto from Classical to Romantic...
The concerto form was developed significantly from the Classical to the romantic era; producing
changes within its instrumentation, form thematic material and rhythmic devices. The societal
attitudes towards the composition and consumption of the concerto form also changed during this
time.
A concerto is an arrangement with solo works performed within the piece, alternating between a
larger ensemble and the soloist. The root of its definition was believed to mean to 'skirmish with one
another' (Boyden, 1957), this definition helps explain the idea of a concerto, it displays a notion that
the soloist is 'skirmishing' with the remainder of the ensemble. The defining characteristic of a
concerto is its arrangement. It has a contrast in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This marked the first actual publication of the concerto grosso genre (Jander, 1968). Corelli's Opus 6
was comprised of entirely strings. The solo section known as the concertino that must be made of
two violins and a cello. This soloist group then alternated with a larger group called the ripeno,
which usually consisted of two violins, a bass and a viola, of which the numbers can be increased;
there was also sometimes a continuo. This was the standard instrumental setup for the concerto
grosso and other composers such as Handel used this.
Bach was a prolific composer during the later parts of the baroque period, he was also a prolific
concerto composer also, He himself composing many pieces in concerto form. Most of these works
were composed around 1720. Bach was the Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold of Anhalt–Cothen
during this period; this was also the period in which his wife died suddenly, perhaps striking
inspiration. Many of Bach's concertos used additional and varied instrumentation to those of Corelli
and the concerto grosso form. They often had woodwind and brass instruments such as the oboe,
recorder, trumpet and piccolo. There was no standard instrumentation for Bach's concertos, the
instruments he used varied from piece to piece. To contrast this, Bach's concerto No. 1 used two
horns, three oboes, a violino piccolo accompanied by the bassoon, a strings section (similar to a

Concerto Grosso
Arcangelo Corelli, also known as "Father of Concerto Grosso", was an Italian composer, violinist,
and teacher. Corelli was born in Fusignano, Italy on February 17, 1653 where he studied composing
music until the late 1670's. Corelli's musical talents led him to enter the service of Queen Christina
of Sweden, Franceso II, Cardinal Pamphili, Cardinal Ottoboni, who was Pope Alexander VIII, and
as the court musician for the Prince of Bavaria. Corelli composed and dedicated music to his noble
patrons. Corelli built the notion of Concerto Grosso into an arrangement of secular entertainment for
the noble lords and ladies for various events. Corelli's layout of his Concerto Grosso was
introducing two groups of musicians to compete. Each group bestowed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Corelli also used this concept in his teachings; especially to such composers like Francesco
Geminiani and Pietro Locatelli. Other composers such as Antonio Vivaldi and Bach studied Corelli's
compositions. Towards the end of his life, Corelli toured all over Europe and gained popularity.
Corelli died a famous and rich man on January 19, 1713. His compositions eventually gave him the
name "Father of Concerto Grosso". The composition I chose from Corelli's works is his Christmas
Concerto, Concerto Grosso Opus 6, that made Corelli the prime of his time. Corelli's composition
consists of a small group of solo instruments against a larger group of instruments. This creates the
terrace dynamics in the composition. The beginning of the composition starts out with the two
violins playing on different beats slow. The slow tempo makes the conjunct melody have a smooth
and pleasing texture. Then the melody jumps to an allegro tempo that is fast paced and intense. The
composition's tempo has a slow–fast–slow movement throughout the whole piece. The fugal style
contains stressed rhythms and vocal delays are a perfect example of his built concept of Concerto

Music During The Baroque Era
Music during the Baroque era was regarded as a powerful form of communication that could invoke
emotions in the listeners. This philosophical belief was derived from a revival of the ideas of the
Greco–Roman culture, and as a result, composers believed that they could also affect their listeners
through the power of melody, harmony, rhythm, and stylistic details. The emphasis on
communication was reflected in the major styles and components that were used throughout
Baroque compositions. Baroque music is characterized by the composers' attention to detail, such as
contrast in dynamics, ornamentation, and the emphasis on bass line. These characteristics of the
Baroque era are reflected in Antonio Vivaldi's compositions. Known as one of the most popular
pieces in Baroque repertoire, Vivaldi's The Four Seasons, a violin concerto, reveals how composers
of the Baroque period used different techniques to invoke emotion through the powerful
communication of music. The Four Seasons perfectly represents the Baroque period because of
Vivaldi 's elaborate style, developmental techniques, and theme of emotional impact and contrast.
During the Baroque period, composers tried to convey emotions through contrasts in tonality,
idiomatic writing, and ornamentation. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia stated that the
baroque period was one of stylistic duality, and it was an era that displayed emotional extremes.
Major and minor tonality surfaced, as well as idiomatic writing ("Baroque, In

Vivaldi Solo Concerto Essay
The solo concerto was a feature piece for a solo instrument accompanied by a contrasting ensemble,
the biggest difference between the concerto grosso and the solo concerto was the contrast between
the solo and the tutti sections were even longer and much more detailed. It wasn't until the
eighteenth century that the solo concerto became popular, the most well known composer of the solo
concerto was Antonio Vivaldi. It was Vivaldi's clean melodies, expertise with solo passages and the
contrast in timbre between the orchestra and solo parts that his concertos are among the most
famous of all other composers. Vivaldi wrote over five hundred concertos mostly for his own
instrument the violin, but also for the trumpet, cello, oboe flute and bassoon. Most of these
concertos were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vivaldi's music was innovative, flamboyant and bright. In this way he managed to embellish the
formal structure of the solo concerto. This form of concerto gave soloists a chance to show off their
virtuosity, especially violinists on the new instruments thanks to luthiers such as Stradivarius and
Guarneri. Vivaldi's solo concertos provided musicians with a much wider range of colour by using
orchestration techniques of pizzicato and muted strings and contrast which was unparalleled at the
time. He mostly followed the simple three movement structure of fast–slow–fast, because Vivaldi
followed this pattern closely this became a prominent template for the next three centuries of
composers. Vivaldi's four seasons concerto is arguably the most popular baroque concerto, written
for solo violin and orchestra, it is an example of programatic music, that is, music based upon a
story or music that tells a story. The four seasons is based upon a set of sonnets, no one knows
exactly who wrote them, but it is thought that Vivaldi himself may have written

Essay on The Concerto
The Concerto
Since the Baroque era, the concerto has played a vital role in the music world. According to the
Merriam Webster dictionary, a concerto is "a composition for one or more soloists and orchestra
with three contrasting movements." There are two main types: the concerto grosso and the classical
concerto; both will be discussed later. While the term concerto is relatively easy to understand in
context, when put into use the term becomes more complicated to define.
The basic elements that make up a concerto include three movements with one movement usually
dedicated for a solo instrument such as the piano or violin with orchestra accompaniment. Since the
late 18th century, the first movement is most likely in the sonata form ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By doing this, the sound made by the groups swells, portraying to the audience a sound of growth
and progression. According to the textbook Music Appreciation Online, in this type of concerto, "a
tutti section, a full orchestra (with basso continuo), and a small group of solo instruments usually
referred to as the concertino or principale" is used. In the concertino section, two or more soloists
are used. Arcangelo Corelli was the first major composer of the concerti grossi (the Italian form of
the concerto grosso). The concerto grosso comes in two major forms: the concerto da chiesa (church
chant) and the concerto da camera (chamber concert). The concerto da chiesa was used for formal
occasions and alternated between adagio and allegro movements. For the most part, the movements
were written in the same key, however there were occasions where one or more of the movements
were in contrasting tonality. The sonata de camera was made up of a prelude and a succession of
dances that were all in the same key. Its structure was that of a slow introduction, a fugued allegro, a
cantabile slow movement and an energetic finale. This setup created its dancelike sound and feeling.
The sonata da camera composition grew to be referred to as a suite, a partita, or in the French opera

Music Composers: Different Forms During The Baroque Era
The word concerto originated from the Italian word concertare, which means to join together. The
concerto took on many different forms during the baroque era, and it wasn't until the late
seventeenth century that the concerto took on its modern meaning; a piece of music that combined a
solo instrument with orchestra or a group of soloists. It is usually composed in three parts, each
movement distinguished by tempo changes. In the late sixteen hundreds composers gave rise to a
this new form of orchestral music, which later became the most recognized and distinguished of all
the other baroque genres. Such is a feature in the baroque era of turning old into something new so
too the concerto was adapted into a new form. Similar was the vocal concerto, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These ideas of contrasting musical forces stems back to Lully's operas in which some of the dances
contained a solo section for wind trio accompanied my the string section. At this time in Rome
composers were focusing on the orchestral concerto, then later the concerto and eventually the
concerto grosso. Although the composer Giuseppe Torelli who was a major figure of the Bologna
school composed pieces for all there types of genres which included the first concertos ever
published. He wrote concertos for trumpet, violin and six concerto grossi. Most of his concertos
were written in the fast–slow–fast form which was inspired by the Italian opera overture, which then
became the standard pattern for the concerto. By the late seventeenth century Italian composers all
shared a common goal; to write music that was pleasing to listen to, emotional connective and a
show case for audiences to behold the abilities and virtuosity of the

Music Of The Baroque

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