Current issues related to long question

1
!=;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gx'g'
sf/0fx?M
 sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ sfd ePg .
 /fhgLlts bn ;Qf /fhgLltdf a9L s]lGb|t eP .
 bnx?ljr cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f
 /rgfTds tyf ;Ifd g]t[Tjsf] cefj eof] .
 ;+3Lotfdf hftLo klxrfgnfO j9L dxTj lbOof] .
 /fli6«o ;xdlt gf/fdf dfq l;ldt eof] .
 /fHosf] cfwf/e't l;2fGtdf ;xdlt gu/]/} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] yfngL u/Lof] .
 ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wgdf a9L nrstf eof] .
 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] bf]xf]/f] lhDd]jf/L eof] .
 ;+ljwfg ;ef leq ;xdlt vf]Hg'kg]{ sltko ljifosf] ;dfwfg ;+ljwfg ;ef aflx/ af6 vf]Hg] k|of; u/Lof] .
 j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf ;+s]t b]lvP .
;dfwfgsf pkfox? / eflj sfo{lbzfM
 /fhgLlt bn lardf ;xdlt sfod u/L afwf c8sfp km'sfpg] .
 ;b:o ;+Vof / lgjf{rg If]q lglZrt ug]{ .
 lgjf{rg cfof]udf kbk'lt{ u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ug]{ / ToxL ;+ljwfg;efn] cNksfndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L af+ls ;do ;+;bsf] sfd ug]{ .
 Jojxfl/s sfo{of]hgf agfpg] .
 /fHosf cfwf/e't l;2fGtsf af/]df klxn] g} ;xdlt ug]{ .
 o; cl3 ;xdlt ePsf ljifonfO{ lnlkj4 ug]{ .
 ljjflbt ljifodf ;xdlt sfod ug]{ .
 ;Dej eP;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffdnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ .

2
gLltut Joj:yfM
 cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#
 /fi6klt
 efu & ;+ljwfg;ef
 wf/f &) ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof
 wf/f !%& afwf c8sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/
 efu !$,wf/f !@* b]lv !#) lgjf{rg cfof]u
 lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g @)^# / lgodfjnL @)^#
 dtbftf gfdfjnL P]g @)^# / lgodfjnL @)^#
 lgjf{rg ;hfo / s;'/ P]g @)^#
 ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfnt P]g @)^$
 ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL @)^%
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f P]g @)^^
 lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf nufotsf ljleGg ;Demf}tfx?
;+:yfut Joj:yfM
 /fi6«klt sfof{no
 dlGqkl/ifb
 lgjf{rg cfof]u / lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{nox?
 u[x dGqfno / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?
 ;'/Iff lgsfox?
 /fhgLlts bnx?

3
@= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] l/Qmtf
;+j}wflgs c+u u7gsf] p2]Zo ;/sf/sf] sfo{If]qnfO{ l;ldt kfg'{ xf] . lgDg If]qdf ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; ug{ g;lsPsf sf/0fn] ;+j}wflgs c+usf] cfjZostf
k/]sf] xf] .
 sd{rf/L egf{ of]Uotf k|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu .
 ;fwg pkof]usf] k/LIf0f ljlQo hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu .
 clwsf/ / ;|f]t ;fwgdfly lgu/fgL clwsf/ k|of]udf lgikIftf / hjfkmb]lxtf j9fpg .
 dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{ ;/sf/sf] sfo{ k|0ffnLaf6 dfgj clwsf/ xgg x'g;Sg] ePsfn] ;f] sf] /Iff ug{ .
o;sf ;fy}—
 zlQmsf] b'?kof]u /f]Sg,
 gful/s clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{,
 vr{sf] b'?kof]u /f]ls kf/blz{tf sfod ug{,
 ;'zf;gsf nflu ;d]t ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfon] ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/jflxsf] j}wtf,k|efjsf/Ltf / :jR5tfsf] k/LIf0f ub{5 . sfo{sf/L0fL dflysf] sd e/f];fsf sf/0f ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]
Joj:yf ub{5 . sfg'gsf] zf;g, l;ldt ;/sf/,c;n ;/sf/,zlQm k[ylss/0f / lgoGq0f,lgikIftf,;fdflhs Gofo,;dfg ;xeflutf lglZrt ug{ ;+j}wflgs
lgsfo rflxG5 .
;+j}wflgs lgsfodf l/Qmtf cfpg'sf sf/0fx?M
 /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] c;/
 /fhgLlts ;xdlt sfod gx'g',
 /fd|f] dfG5] eGbf klg cfkmgf] dfG5] vf]Hg] k|j[lt,
 ;/sf/sf] pbfl;gtf,
 cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f,
 5gf}6sf] sfo{ljlw kf/blz{ 5}g .

4
 ;+;b gePsfn] ;;lbo ;'g'jfO gx'g] cj:yf 5 .
 5gf}6sf dfkb08 j:t'lgi7 5}gg .
 lgikIf pDd]bjf/sf] cefj 5 .
 ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] cj1f u/Lof] .
 bnx? ljr efuj08f ug]{ k|j[lt 5 .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 ljleGg ^ j6f c+u 5g .
 wf/f !$(, kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf .
 wf/f !%%,;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ .
 ;}j+wflgs kbdf lgo'Qm x'g j+zh jf hGdsf] gftfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ePsf] jf c+lus[t gful/stf k|fKt u/L slDtdf !) jif{ g]kfndf a;]sf]
x'g'kg]{ .
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/L ;DjlGw P]g @)%#
 Joj:yflks ;+;b lgodfjnL @)^$
 ;+j}wflgs kbflwsf/Lsf] ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DjlGw lgodfjnL
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf cf cfkmgf P]g sfg'g / cfrf/;+lxtfx?

5
#=j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Jojl:yt ePg .
sf/0fx?M
 cbIf sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof j9L 5 .
 cled'lvs/0f tyf /f]huf/d'ns tflndsf] cefj 5 .
 Manpower Company sf] 7uL lgoGq0f ePg .
 :jb]zdf g} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ;[hgf gx'g' .
 b]zut ljljwtf ePg .
 International Labour Market df k|ltikwf{Tds Ifdtf sd 5 .
 j9L vlr{nf] 5 .
 Illegal af6f] af6 hfg] / Informal Channel af6 Remittance k7fpg] .
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ lzIff k|efjsf/L 5}g .
 cfk|jf;g / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ gLlt 5}g .
 sfdbf/sf] ;'/Iffdf ;/sf/n] sd rf;f] lbof] .
 cg'udg k|efjsf/L ePg .
 >d / k//fi6« dGqfno lardf ;dGjosf] sld 5 .
 ;fdflhs nfut ljZn]if0f ul/Pg .
 >d ;xrf/L / s'6gLlts lgof]usf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L ePg .
 dlxnfsf] >d / zf/Ll/s zf]if0f j9L 5 .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 cfk|jf;g / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ gLlt agfpg] .
 Quality Manpower Maximum Benefit / Low Risk ePsf] >d ahf/df k7fpg] .
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLsf] cfrf/;+lxtf agfpg] .
 stf/ s'a]t / ;fpbLdf Safe House agfpg] .
 Illegal / Undocumented sfdbf/sf] lgoGq0f ug]{ .

6
 formal Channel af6 dfq Remittance Nofpg] / pTkfbglzn If]qdf pkof]u ug]{ .
 7uL / e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;fosf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug]{ .
 Poor of the Poor nfO{ /fHon] g} Loan lbg] .
 b]zleq} /f]huf/L sf] cj;/ >[hgf ug]{ .
 b]z / sfo{ut ljljwtf .
 Social Servey ug]{ .
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefunfO cfw'lglss/0f ug]{ .
 Reintegration Policy agfO{ k'g ljb]z hfg' gkg]{ cj:yfsf] >[hgf ug]{ .
 lkl8tnfO{ k'g{:yfkgf ug]{ .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 df}lns xsx? >d / /f]huf/Lsf xsx?
 /fHosf] bfloTj / gLltx?
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ P]g @)^$, lgodfjnL @)^%
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu sfo{;+rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^^
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ jf]8{ sfo{;+rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^*
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Gofoflws/0f lgodfjnL @)^*
 3/]n' sfdbf/ Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw @)^&
 Oh/fondf g]kfnL lso/ lue/ sfdbf/ ;DjlGw sfo{ljlw @)^*
 cWofudg P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%!
 >d P]g @)$*
 dfgj j]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^$ / sfo{of]hgf @)^*
;+:yfut Joj:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb

7
 >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfno
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j4{g jf]8{ / Gofoflws/0f
 >d sfof{no / >d 8]:s
 cWofudg sfof{nox?
 ljleGg l;k ljsf; tflnd s]Gb|x?
 ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL s'6gLlts lgof]ux?
 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;flosf ;+u7gx?
 ljdf sDkgLx? / :jf:Yo kl/If0f ;+:yfx?

8
$=cf}Bf]lus >d Joa:yfkg l7s ePg .
sf/0fx?M
 sfo{ ;+:s[ltsf] cefj 5 .
 clwsf/ / pTkfbsTj ljr ;+t'ng ePg .
 ;fF3'/f] >d ahf/ 5 .
 k]zfut ;'/Iff 5}g . sfo{jftfj/0f /fd|f] 5}g / ljleGg b'Jo{jxf/ 5 .
 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|efjsf/L 5}g .
 Trade Union sf] unt cEof; 5 .
 v'nf l;dfgf / cfofltt ;:tf] >d .
 nufgLstf{nfO x]g]{ unt b[li6sf]0f 5 .
 cf}Bf]lus 3/fgfdf Corporate Culture 5}g .
 jfn>ldssf] k|of]u .
 nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f / k"jf{wf/ 5}g .
 International Labour Market sf] k|efj 5 .
 >d k|zf;gsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf sd 5 .
 /fHon] Human Capital df sd nufgL u/]sf] 5 .
 Collective Barganing sf] cEof; sDhf]/ 5 .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 /f]huf/bftf,>lds / ;/sf/ ljrsf] ;DjGw ;'dw'/ jgfpg] .
 Trade Union sf] cfrf/;+lxtf agfO k]zfut xs lxtdf s]lGb|t ug]{ .
 /fHon] dfgj >f]tdf nufgL a9fpg] .
 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 nufgL ;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f agfpg] .
 ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ .
 Corporate Culture sf] ljsf; ug]{ .

9
 sfo{If]qdf x'g] b'Jo{axf/ cGTo ug]{ / jfn >ldssf] cGTo ug]{ .
 >d k|zf;gsf] Ifdtf a9fpg] .
 d"No j[l4 ;+u ;dfof]hg x'g] u/L Hofnf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
 cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf x'g] u/]sf] c:j:y /fhgLlt x6fpg] .
 No Work No Pay gLlt nfu' ug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 >d zlQmnfO d'Vo cfly{s zlQmsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ,
 >d ;DjlGw xs, /f]huf/Lsf] xs
 dhb'/ cfof]u u7g ug{ ;lsg] .
 >d P]g @)$* lgodfjnL @)%)
 6«]8 o'lgog P]g @)$(,lgodfjnL @)%)
 jf]g; P]g @)#),lgodfjnL @)#(
 jfn>d lgif]w / lgoGq0f ug]{ P]g @)%^,lgodfjnL @)^@
 cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)$(
 cf}Bf]lus gLlt @)^&
 jfn>d lgjf/0f ;DjlGw u'?of]hgf @)^! @)&!
 cfjlws of]hgf / ah]6
;+:yfut Joj:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfno,>d ljefu / dftxt sfof{no x?
 /f]huf/ ;'rgf s]Gb|
 Joj;flos tyf l;k ljsf; tflnd s]Gb|
 6«]8 o'lgogx?
 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 / pBf]u k|lti7fgx?

10
 cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff an
 cGo
 >d cbfnt
 s]lGb|o >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt
 >d ;DaGw ;ldlt
 Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt

11
%= k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL leqofpg ;lsPg .
sf/0fx?M
 /fhlglts cl:y/tf 5 .
 k"jf{wf/sf] sld 5 . a9bf] phf{ ;+s6 .
 nufgLsf] jftfj/0f 5}g .
 nufgL ;'/Iff 5}g .
 e'kl/j]li7ttf / ;fgf] ahf/ 5 . qmozlQm sd 5 .
 bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj 5 .
 s7f]/ / s8f >d gLlt 5 .
 cf}Bf]lus zflGtsf] jftfj/0f 5}g .
 k"FhLahf/ ljsl;t 5}g .
 cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ePg .
 gLlt cg';f/sf P]g lgod cfPgg .
 BIPPA nfO{ nufgLsf] jftfj/0f jgfpg] cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOPg .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 ljb]lz nufgL gLlt / P]gdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
 k"jf{w/ lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbg] .
 Economic Diplomacy nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 cf}Bf]lus zflGt sfod ug]{ .
 SEZ ;DalGw sfg'g th'{df ul/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 j}b]lzs nufgL ;'/Iffsf nflu ljdfsf] Joa:yf ug]{ .
 cGo b]z ;+u klg BIPPA ;Demf}tf / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 Doing Business Procedure df ;/lns/0f ug]{ .
 NRN nufgL leqofpg hf]8 lbg] .

12
 t'ngfTds nfesf If]q af/] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
 >d gLltdf ;+;f]wg u/L nlrnf] agfpg] .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 ljb]lz nuflg leqofpg] gLlt 5 .
 ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g @)$(
 nufgL jf]8{ P]g @)^*
 j}b]lzs nufgL tyf Ps4f/ gLlt @)$(
 cf}Bf]lus gLlt @)^&
 jfl0fHo gLlt @)^%
 j}b]lzs ;xfotf gLlt @)%(
 BIPPA nufotsf ;lGw ;Demf}tfx?
 cfjlws of]hgf / jh]6
;+:yfut Joj:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 cy{dGqfno / cGo ljifout dGqfnox?
 Ps4f/ ;ldlt
 nufgL jf]8{
 FNCCI,g]=p=kl/;+3
 ljb]zl:yt s'6gLlts lgof]ux?

13
^=ljkb Joj:yfkg ;Gtf]ifhgs ePg
sf/0fx?M
 ef}uf]lns ljs6tf 5 .
 pRr hg;+Vof j[l4 ,ul/aL / clzIff 5 .
 ljsf;df jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] cWoog ePg .
 hgr]tgf sd 5 .
 k|ljlwsf] v/faL
 unt kl/of]hgf 5gf}6
 k'/fgf gLlt / sdhf]/ ;+:yfut ;+oGq
 cf}Bf]lus / ;fdflhs czflGt 5 .
 ;"rgfsf] sld 5 .
 /fHosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]g .
 Early Warning System 5}g .
 >f]t ;fwg sd 5 . Skilled Manpower sd 5 .
 k|sf]k ;DefJo If]qsf] klxrfg ePg .
 Climate Change sf k|efjnfO Jojl:yt ul/Pg .
 Prevention,Preparedness, recovery sdhf]/ 5 .
 Proactive ge} Reactive 5 .
 Crisis of Management 5 .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 s]lGb|o b}lj k|sf]k p2f/ ;ldltsf] e"ldsf j9fpg] .
 ;dGjonfO k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 Disaster Prone Zone sf] klxrfg / wf]if0ff .
 hgr]tgf a9fpg] .

14
 kof{Kt >f]t ;fwg / bIf hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
 Prevention,Preparedness, recovery Plan agfpg] .
 IEA / EIA df hf]8 lbg] .
 hg;+Vof,j;fO;/fO / zx/Ls/0fnfO Jojl:yt ug]{ .
 /fxt /sddf a9f]Q/L ug]{ .
 DMIS sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 b}lj k|sf]k p2f/ P]g @)#(
 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%$
 :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^
 g]kfn ejg P]g @)^$
 ejg ;+lxtf @)^)
 k|=d+ b}lj k|sf]k p2f/ sf]if ;+rfng lgodfjnL @)^#
 k|fs[lts k|sf]k hf]lvd Joa:yfkg /fli6o /0fgLlt @)^^
 s[lif,cfjf;,zx/L ljsf;,hn>f]t / e" pkof]u gLltx?
;+:yfut Joj:yfM
 k|=d+ sfof{no /fxt sf]if
 /f=of]=cf=
 s]lGb|o,If]lqo,lhNnf / :yfgLo b}lj k|sf]k p2f/ ;ldltx?
 u[x dGqfno
 /fli6o cfktsflng ;+rfng s]Gb|
 ljleGg dGqfnox?

15
 ;'/Iff lgsfox?
 ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx?
 ldl8of / gful/s ;dfh

16
&=sf7df08f} pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/sf] ;d:of
;d:of cfpg'sf sf/0fx?M
 j9bf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk / ;fF3'/f ;8s,
 cJoal:yt zx/Ls/0f / clgolGqt a;fO{;/fO{
 ljleGg lgsfolar ;dGjosf] cefj 5 .
 /fhgLlts ;xdlt 5}g .
 ah]6 tyf >f]t ;fwgsf] sld 5 .
 k'glgdf{0fdf tbf?stf b]lvPg .
 Public sf] ;xof]u sd 5 .
 ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ x8Kg] k|j[lt b]lvof] .
 Populur Program sf] ?kdf cfof] .
 aflemPsf P]g lgodx? 5g
 gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt P]g @)$% / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%%
 sd{rf/Lsf] l56f] l56f] ;?jfsf] c;/ .
 ;+/rgfut kl/jt{gn] cl:y/tf Nofof] .
 zx/L ljsf; / ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno
 City Plan sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ePg .
 af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ af/] ;j{;fwf/0fdf hgr]tgf sd 5 .
 gS;f kf; / ;f] kl5sf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L ePg .
;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 City Plan sf] ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 ljsf;df /fhgLlt gug]{ .
 kof{Kt ah]6 / >f]t ;fwgsf] Joa:yf ug]{ .
 Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]nfO{ l56f] Ifltk"lt{ lbg] .
 gful/s lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] .
 Public nfO{ ljZjf;df lng] .

17
 aflemPsf P]g lgoddf ;+;f]wg ug]{ .
 lgsfout ;dGjonfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 gS;f kf; kl5sf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L x'g' kg]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 cfjZos j:t' ;+/If0f P]g @)!@
 cTofjZos ;]jf P]g @)!$
 Ifltk"lt{ P]g @)!(
 hUuf k|flKt P]g @)#$
 gu/ ljsf; P]g @)$% / lgodfjnL @)%$
 sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f P]g @)$% / lgodfjnL @)^*
 ;8s jf]8{ P]g @)%*
 k|x/L P]g @)!@
 ;jf/L tyf oftfot Joa:yf P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%$
 gu/ lgdf{0f of]hgf sfof{Gjog lgodfjnL @)#@
 zx/L ljsf; gLlt @)^%,/fli6o cfjf; gLlt @)^*
 ejg P]g @)^$, ejg cfrf/;+lxtf @)^)
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 ljleGg dGqfnox?
 /f=lj=k= / /f=of]=cf=
 sf7df08f} pkTosf gu/ ljsf; k|flws/0f
 dxfgu/kflnsf / cGo gu/kflnsfx?

18
 ljB't k|flws/0f,b'/;+rf/ / vfg]kflg sfo{qmdx?
 g]kfn k|x/L
 UN Park ljsf; ;ldlt
 clwsf/ ;DkGg Plss[t jfUdlt ;Eotf ljsf; ;ldlt

19
*=;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ePg .
 Data Base 5}g .
 ;'s'Djf;L klxrfgsf :ki6 cfwf/ 5}gg .
 /fhgLltsf] dfWod agfOof] . Voters sf] ?kdf dfq k|of]u ul/of] .
 zx/L If]qdf dfq s]lGb|t x'g] k|j[lt 5 .
 ;dfwfgsf] lb3{sflng gLlt 5}g . tby{ ;dfwfg vf]lhG5 .
 e" Joj:yfkg gLlt k|efjsf/L ePg .
 JoflQmut cflgaflgsf sf/0f ;d]t ;'s'Djf;L ePsf 5g .
 ;fj{hlgs hUuf / ;DklQ cltqmd0f ug]{ k|j[lt 5 .
 /fHosf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtf sd 5 .
 b]zsf] ;j} If]qdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;Gt'lnt 5}g .
 j;fO{ ;/fO{ Joal:yt 5}g .
 cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ sd 5g .
 ;fdflhs lje]b,c;dfgtf / u/Lla ;d]tsf] sf/0f ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .
 ;'s'Djf;Lsf gfddf Elite n] kmfObf lnP .
 3/hUufsf] d'No j[l4n] ;d]t c;/ u/]sf] 5 .
 ;lx tYof+s lgsfNg] .
 ;'s'Djf;L x'g'sf sf/0f klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 .
 e'ldlxg x?nfO{ kl/ro kq lbg] .
 h'g lhNnfsf x'g ToxL lhNnfsf Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
 ;/sf/n] g} ;'ky d'Nosf 3/x? lgdf{0f u/L ls:tfjlGbdf ljlqm ug]{ .
 /f]huf/L / cfo cfh{gsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

20
 Plss[t cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; nfO{ ;Gt'lnt agfO{ a;fO{;/fO{ nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg] .
 ;fdflhs lje]b / c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ .
 cjf:tljs ;'s'Djf;L nfO{ sf/jflx ug'{ kb{5 .
 e" pkof]u gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 .
 ;'s'Djf;L Joj:yfkgsf] lb3{sfnLg gLlt agfpg] .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/
 sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff
 df}lnsxs x?
 c;dfgtf / lje]b x6fpg] gLlt 5 .
 d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj
 cfjf;df cf/If0f ug]{ gLlt 5 .
 ljtf{ pGd'ng P]g @)!^
 e"ld ;DjlGw P]g @)@!
 sd}of >d lgif]w ug]{ P]g @)%*
 cfjf; gLlt @)^*
 e" pkof]u gLlt @)^(
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / ;ldltx?
 dlGqkl/ifb
 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joa:yf dGqfno,ljefu / lhNnf e"ld ;'wf/ sfof{nox?
 zx/L ljsf; dGqfno

21
 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / dftxt lgsfox?
 cy{ dGqfno
 ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u / ;ldltx?
 d'Qm sd}of / xlnof k'g:yf{kgf ;ldlt / sfo{bnx?
 jg dGqfno / dftxt sfof{nox?
sfo{qmdx?M
 hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd
 ;'s'Djf;L klxrfg sfo{bn u7g
 kl/ro kq ljt/0f

22
(=cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg / d"No j[l4 lgoGq0f
 sfnf]ahf/L,sf6]{ln+u,s[lqd cefj / l;l08s]6,
 ahf/ cg'udg k|efjsf/L 5}g .
 sDhf]/ ;+:yfut / gLltut Joa:yf 5 .
 pkef]Qmfdf hfu?stf sd 5 .
 ljleGg lgsfo ljr ;dGjosf] cefj 5 .
 d"No ;'lr kf/blz{ / Jojl:yt 5}g . s]jn cf}krfl/s dfq 5 .
 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ d'Nosf] k|efj 5 .
 k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf] d'Noj[l4 / c;xh cfk"lt{ .
 dfusf] t'ngfdf pTkfbg / cfk"lt{ sd 5 .
 vfB ;'/Iffsf] Joa:yf 5}g .
 s[lif pTkfbg 36]sf] 5 . s[lifof]Uo e'ld df Knl6+usf] c;/ ;d]t pTkfbgdf k/]sf] 5 .
 pkef]Qmf xs lxt / hfu/0f ;+u ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf sdhf]/ 5 .
 ;/sf/sf] dfq} lhDd]jf/L 7flgof] . lghL If]qsf] ;xof]u ePg .
 gLhL If]qn] gfkmfdf dfq Wofg lbof] . ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L lnPg .
 Food Habit df Change ePg . :yfgLo j:t'sf] pkef]unfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/Pg .
 ahf/ cg'udg nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 sfnf]ahf/L,s[lqd cefj / l;l08s]6nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ .
 k'/fgf P]g lgoddf ;'wf/ ug]{ .
 lgodg lgsfosf] Ifdtf a9fpg] .
 pkef]Qmf lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] . pkef]Qmf cbfntsf] u7g ug]{ .
 j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] clwstd d"No ;'lr tf]ls Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

23
 k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ ;xh agfpg] .
 x/]s lhNnfdf Buffer Stock sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
 pkef]Qmf xslxtsf nflu ;lqmo ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf a9fpg] .
 cGo If]qsf] ;d]t ;xof]u lng] .
 Food Habit df Change ug]{ / :yfgLo j:t'sf] pkef]unfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 cGtl/d ;+lawfg @)^#
 vfB ;+k|e'tfsf] xs
 cfk"lt{ ;/n / ;xh agfpg] Joa:yf .
 cTofjZos ;]jf ;+rfng P]g @)!$
 vfB P]g @)@# / lgodfjnL @)@&
 :6f088{ gfk tyf tf}n P]g @)@%
 :yfgLo k|zf;g P]g @)@*
 sfnf]ahf/ tyf s]lx ;fdflhs ck/fw tyf ;hfo P]g @)#@
 g]kfn u'0f:t/ P]g @)#&
 pkef]Qmf xs lxt ;+/If0f P]g @)%$ / lgodfjnL @)%^
 k|ltikwf{ k|j4{g tyf ahf/ ;+/If0f P]g @)^#
 cfk"lt{ gLlt @)^(
sfo{qmdut Joj:yfM
 ahf/ cg'udg
 pkef]Qmf ;r]tgf
 MRP tf]lsPsf]
 ;'ky d'No k;n
 :6Ls/ k|0ffnL

24
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno,pBf]u dGqfno
 /f=of]=cf=
 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?
 jfl0fHo sfof{nox?
 pkef]Qmf xslxt ;+/If0f dFrx?
 g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg / cfon lgud nufotsf ;+:yfg x?
 oftfot tyf 9'jfgL Joj;foL dxf;+3x?
 g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu
 ldl8of / gful/s ;dfh
 FNCCI,Chamber of Commerce

25
!)=xjfO{ ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf sDhf]/ 5 .
 ef}uf]lns ljs6tf
 k'/fgf hxfh / dd{t sd 5 .
 bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj 5 .
 x/]s b'3{6gfdf kfOn6nfO{ bf]if lbP/ pDsg] k|j[lt 5 .
 p8fg cufl8sf] r]s hfFr gx'g] . lglZrt p8fg 3G6f kl5 ug'{ kg]{ r]s hfFr klg ul/b}g .
 u'0f:t/lxg xjfO{ d}bfg . cfkQsflng cjt/0fsf nflu e/kbf]{ Joa:yf 5}g .
 Weak Air Traffic System
 k|flws/0fn] :jfoQ lsl;dn] sfd ug{ kfPg .
 xjfO{ ;'/Iffsf] lb3{sfnLg gLlt / Action Plan 5}g .
 p2f/ sfo{ e/kbf]{ ePg .
 xjfO{d}bfg j/Lk/L ;/;kmfO{sf] sld / r/fsf] ;d:of .
 Overload
 sDhf]/ ;'/Iff Joa:yf .
 lq=lj=lj=df a9L rfk . j}slNks Po/kf]6{ ePg .
 ;/;kmfO{sf] cefj 5 . hxfhdf d';f e]l6P/ ;d]t p8fg /2 ug'{ k/]s]f 5 .
 Aircraft sf] lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ .
 Pilot / cGo k|fljlwsnfO{ tflndsf] Joa:yf .
 p8fg cufl8 clgjfo{ ?kdf r]shfFr ug]{ .
 Airport sf] ;'/Iff / u'0f:t/ a9fpg] .
 Air Traffic Control nfO{ ;fwg >f]t ;DkGg u/fpg] .
 p2f/ sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg Plan agfpg] .
 k'/fgf hxfhsf] lj:yfkg ug]{ .

26
 xjfO{ ;'/Iffsf] lb3{sflng gLlt agfpg] .
 Airport j/Lk/Lsf] ;/;kmfO{df hf]8 lbg] .
 Overload gxfNg] .
 j}slNks ljdfg:yn agfpg] .
 xjfO p88og ;DalGw cGt{/fli6o ;+:yf-P;f_ n] lbPsf] ;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 gful/s p88og P]g @)!% / gful/s p88og k|flws/0f P]g @)%# nfO{ Pp6} agfpg] .
 k|flws/0fdf ePsf] /fhlglts lgo'lQm cGTo ug]{ .
 xjfO{ k|flws/0fdf u}/ k|fljlws JolQm k|d'v gx'g] .
 k|flws/0fsf] lgofds / ;]jf k|bfossf] e'ldsf 5'6ofpg] .
 k|flws/0fdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k aGb ug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg P]g @)!%,lgodfjnL @)%@
 gful/s p88og k|flws/0f P]g @)%#,lgodfjnL @)%*
 xjfO p88og s/ P]g @)!*
 g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud P]g @)!(
 xjfO{ ;'/Iff -Joa:yf_ lgodfjnL @)$^
 /fli6o xjfO gLlt @)^#
sfo{qmdut Joa:yfM
 * j6f ljdfg vl/b ug]{ .
 ljdfg:ynsf] :t/f]Gglt
 j}slNks ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug]{ .

27
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldlt
 dlGqkl/ifb / ;ldltx?
 ;+:s[lt,ko{6g tyf gful/s p88og dGqfnox?
 /f=of]=cf=
 g]kfn gful/s p88og k|flws/0f
 g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud / lghL ljdfg sDklg x?
 ljleGg ljdfg:ynx?
 gful/s p88og tflnd s]Gb|
 g]kfn ljdfg rfns ;+3

28
!!=sf/fuf/ Joa:yfkgsf] ;d:of
 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ sDhf]/ 5 . s'g} klg a]nf elTsg ;Sg] / lh0f{ 5g .
 sd ah]6 tyf >f]t ;fwg 5 .
 Ifdtf eGbf a9L s}lb alGb /fVg' kg]{ jfWotf 5 .
 h3Go ck/flw / cGo ck/flwnfO{ Ps} 7Ffpdf /flvg' .
 lkmtnf] ;'/Iff k|0ffnL .
 u}/ lhDd]jf/ / sd pTk|]l/t ;'/Iffsld{ / sd{rf/Lx? .
 s}lb;+u ldn]/ gfhfoh kmfObf lng] k|j[lt 5 .
 sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ u[x xf]Ogg ls oftgf u[x eP .
 s}lb jlGbsf nflu cfwf/e't ;'ljwf ;d]t 5}gg .
 l;bf ;'ljwf sd 5 .
 /fHosf] sd k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] If]q xf] .
 rf}lsbf/ / gfOs] k|yf xfla 5 .
 >f]t ;fwg, ah]6 / dd{t ;Def/sf] Joa:yf ug]{ .
 Ifdtf eGbf a9L s}bL alGb g/fVg] .
 s}lb jGbLsf] juL{s/0f ug]{ .
 ;'/Iff k|0ffnL e/kbf]{ agfpg] .
 l;bf ;'ljwf a9fpg] .
 rf}lsbf/ / gfO{s]nfO{ lbOPsf] Privillage 36fpg] .
 l;k ljsf; tyf cfo cfh{gsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
 h3Go ck/flwsf nflu j]Un} sf/fuf/sf] Joa:yf ug]{ .

29
gLltut Joa:yfM
 dfgj clwsf/,sfg'gL /fHo,cbfnlt Joa:yf / dflkm ldgfxf .
 sf/fuf/ P]g @)!(,lgodfjnL @)@) / lgb]{lzsf @)^$
 :yfgLo k|zf;g P]g @)@*
 k|x/L P]g @)!@ / lgodfjnL @)$(
 ;z:q k|x/L P]g @)%*
 sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ ;ldlt u7g cfb]z @)%(
 sf/fuf/ cfGtl/s k|zf;g ;+rfng sfo{ljlw @)^(
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 /fi6klt ;hfo,dflkm,ldgfxf / d'NtjL
 dlGqkl/ifb
 u[xdGqfno,sf/fuf/ Joa:yfkg ljefu,sf/fuf/ sfof{nox?
 ;'/Iff lgsfox?
 cbfnt / cw{ Goflos lgsfox?

30
!@=d'Vo ;lrj / ;lrj a9'jfdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of
 j9'jf k|0ffnL kf/blz{ ePg .
 sfo{s'zntf dfkgsf ;"rsx? gx'g' .
 /fhgLlts cl:y/tf / /fhgLlts k|efj .
 bnut 5gf}6,c3f]lift sf]6f k|0ffnL 5 .
 sf=;=d' j:t'lgi7 5}g .
 l/Qm kbsf] t]Aa/ ;+Vofdf l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|j[ltn] ljs[lt Nofof] .
 nf]=;]=cf=sf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L ePg .
 cfly{s k|efjsf] cf/f]k 5 .
 sf=;=d"= nfO{ j:t'lgi7 / ;"rsdf cfwfl/t agfpg] .
 sfo{s'zntf dfkgsf dfkb08 tof/ ug]{ .
 cfjZos ;+Vofsf] bf]Aa/ dfq l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
 pRr sfo{sf/L Joj:yfkg tflndsf] d"Nof+sg u/L To;nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfpg] .
 g]t[Tj d"Nof+sg ;DalGw Joa:yf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 Succession Plan nfu' ug]{ .
 ;fdfGotof ^ dlxgf eGbf sd calw ePsfnfO{ j9'jf gug]{ .
 P]gdf jif{df @ k6s dfq j9'jf ug{ ePsf] Joa:yf Jojxf/df nfu' ug]{ .
 l/Qm kbsf] lglZrt k|ltzt kb h]i7tfaf6 k"lt{ x'g] u/L 5'6ofpg] .
 5gf}6sf] sfo{ljlw kf/blz{ agfpg] .
gLltut Joa:yfM

31
 lghfdlt ;]jf P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%)
 bkmf !( df sf=;=d'=,h]i7tf,sfo{s'zntf / pRr:t/Lo Joa:yfkg tflnd sf cfwf/df a9'jf ug]{ Joa:yf 5 .
 nf]=;]=cf= sfo{ljlw P]g @)^^,lgodfjnL @)^& / sfo{;+rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^&
 ;'zf;g P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL @)^%
 ;"rgfsf] xs ;DalGw P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL @)^%
 g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL @)^^ / sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL @)^(
 lghfdlt sd{rf/Lsf] j9'jf lgb]{lzsf
 tflnd gLlt @)%*
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb / k|zf;g ;ldlt
 k|=d=tyf d=k=sfof{no
 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
 ljifout dGqfnox?
 Staff College
 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u

32
!#=/f;folgs dnsf] ;d:of
 /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] cefj 5 .
 ckof{Kt ah]6 / ;dodf lgsf;f gx'g] ;d:of 5 .
 ;dod} cfk"lt{ k|lqmof z'? x'b}g .
 ef/tLo ahf/af6 ljt/sn] l;w} vl/b ug{ gkfpg] .
 aGb/ufxsf] ;d:of
 /fhgLlts cl:y/tf / x:tIf]k 5 .
 s[lif dGqfno / s[lif ;fdu|L ;+:yfgsf] ck|efjsf/Ltf .
 /f;folgs dn dflysf] cToflws lge{/tf .
 dfusf] t'ngfdf cfk"lt{ sd 5 .
 cg'udg d'Nof+sg k|lqmof k|efjsf/L 5}g .
 dn vl/b / 9'jfgLsf nflu kof{Kt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
 dfu / cfk"lt{sf] k"jf{g'dfg u/L ;dod} cfk"lt{ Joa:yf ldnfpg] .
 l;df If]qsf uf]bfddf ef/tLo ahf/af6 l;w} vl/b ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfpg] .
 dnsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfpg] .
 /f;folgs dn dflysf] lge{/tf sd ug]{ .
 j}1flgs d"No lgwf{/0f gLlt sfod ug]{ .
 cfufld l;hgsf nflu clxn] g} dn vl/b / e08f/0f ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfpg] .
 dn pTkfbg sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 Import
 Quality Control
 Distribution
 Use
 Database Management

33
 s[lif ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] gLlt 5 .
 vfB P]g @)@#,lgodfjnL @)@&
 pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f P]g @)%$,lgodfjnL @)%^
 vfB gLlt @)^*
 /f;folgs dnvfb gLlt @)%*
 s[lif gLlt @)^!
 s[lif Joa;fo k|j4{g gLlt @)^#
 lb3{sflng s[lif of]hgf -@)%@ @)&@_
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 s[lif ljsf; dGqfno,s[lif ljsf; ljefu / lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{nox?
 /fli6o ljsf; kl/ifb / /f=of]=cf=
 cy{ dGqfno
 s[lif ;fdu|L ;+:yfg
 s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|

34
!$=k]6«f]lnodf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ ;xh gx'g'«
 ef/tLo cfon lgud dflysf] lge{/tf
 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df d'Noj[l4 ;+u} d'No ;dfof]hg gx'g] .
 9'jfgL,e08f/0f / ljt/0fdf eO/x]sf] clgoldttf .
 r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ePg .
 lx;fa kf/blz{ 5}g .
 lgudsf] Psflwsf/ eof] .
 sd{rf/L Joa:yfkgdf ;d:of 5 .
 j}slNks phf{ / hnljB'tsf] ljsf; ePg .
 cg'bfg / d'Noj[l4 b'j}n] ;fdflhs Gofo lbg ;s]g .
 jf]g; ljt/0f k|0ffnL ca}1flgs 5 .
 nfdf] ;do ;Dd n]vfkl/If0f gePsfn] jf:tljs cj:yf hfgsf/L x'Fb}g .
 ;'wf/sf nflu lbOPsf ;'emfj k|lta]bgsf] sfof{Gjog ePg .
 u}=;=;=,pBf]uwGbf / s'6gLlts lgof]unfO{ cg'bfgdf lbg] Joa:yf aGb ug]{ .
 :jrflnt d'No ;dfof]hgsf] Joa:yf ug]{ .
 9'jfgL,ljt/0f / e08f/0fnfO{ kf/blz{ agfpg] .
 d'No l:y/Ls/0f sf]if :yfkgf u/L hnljB'tdf vr{ ug]{ .
 sd{rf/L Joa:yfkg
 r'xfj6 / ld;fj6 lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 gLlhIf]qsf] ;+nUgtf a9fpg] .
 j}slNks phf{sf] ljsf; / k|of]udf hf]8 lbg] .
 pRr Joa:yfkg tx s/f/ af6 lng] .
 /fhgLlts x:tIf]k aGb ug]{ .

35
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;fj{hlgs pBdsf] ljsf; ub}{ hgtfnfO{ ;j{;'ne ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
 ;+:yfg P]g @)@!
 jf]g; P]g @)#) / lgodfjnL @)#(
 g]kfn k]6«f]lnod P]g @)$)
 pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f P]g @)%$,lgodfjnL @)%^
 ;+:yfg ;'wf/ ;DjlGw ljleGg sfo{bnsf k|ltj]bgx?
 cfon lgud ;'wf/ ;DjlGw ljleGg sfo{bnsf k|ltj]bgx?
 cfjlws of]hgf
 cGt/f{li6o ahf/ d'No cg';f/ d'No ;dfof]hg ug]{ .
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb
 jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno
 cy{ dGqfno
 pRr :tl/o ;+:yfg lgb]{zg jf]8{
 g]kfn cfon lgud / dftxt sfo{nox?
 ljt/0f kDk / l8kf]x?

36
!%=r'/] ljgfz / 9'+uf,lu66L / jfn'jfsf] rf]/L lgsf;Ln] ;[lht ;d:of
 jg km8fgL lgoGq0f ePg .
 r'/] If]qsf] dxTj af/]df hgr]tgf sd 5 .
 jl:t glhs qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf ul/of] . ;fdflhs bfloTjsf] Vofn ul/Pg .
 jftfj/0f k|efj d'Nof+sg lagf g} 9'+uf lu66L lgsflnof] .
 l;dfkf/ rf]l/ t:s/L a9]sf] 5 .
 t/fOdf d?e'ldsf nIf0f b]lvb}5g .
 qm;/ pBf]un] :jf:Yodf c;/ k'Uof] .
 ;8s sf] u'0f:t/ ljuf¥of] .
 qm;/ pBf]u ;DjlGw :ki6 gLlt 5}g .
 jg dGqfno / :yfgLo lgsfo ljrdf 4Gb 5 .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?M
 jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
 u}/ sfg'gL ?kdf :yflkt qm;/ pBf]u aGb ug]{ .
 /fhg}lts cf8df eO{ /x]sf] jg km8fgL lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 jl:t glhs qm;/ pBf]u g/fVg] .
 ;fdflhs bfloTjsf] kfngf ug]{ .
 t:s/L lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 h}ljs ljljwtfdf vnn gk'¥ofpg] .
 r'/] If]qsf] ;+j]bglzntf af/] hgr]tgf km}nfpg] .
 s]lGb|o / :yfgLo :t/df ;dGjofTds ;+oGq agfpg] .
gLltut Joa:yfM

37
 jftfj/0fdf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ glbg] / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt .
 lgsf;L k}7f/L P]g @)!#
 jg P]g @)$(
 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%$
 /fli6o lgs'Gh tyf jGo hGt' ;+/If0f P]g @)@(
 e' tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f P]g @)#(
 vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ P]g @)$@
 :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 :yfgLo ljsf; dlGqsf] cWoIftfdf ;ldlt 5 .
 cy{ dGqfno Fiscal Policy sf dfWodaf6 lgodgsf ;fy} eG;f/ dxz'n c;'n ug]{ .
 jfl0fHo dGqfno lgsfl;sf nflu Ohfht lbg] .
 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno EIA sf cfwf/df 7]Ssf k66f .
 jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno EIA sf cfwf/df 7]Ssf k66f .
 jftfj/0f dGqfno jftfj/0f k|efj d"Nof+sg
 pBf]u dGqfno pBf]u ;+rfng ug{ Ohfht lbg] .
 :yfgLo lgsfo,jg sfof{no / lgs'Gh sfo{nox? 7]Ssf lbg],/fh:j ;+sng ug]{ .
 ljleGg qm;/ pBf]ux? / 9'jfgL Joj;flox? .

38
!^=lghfdlt ;]jfdf 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;d:of
 blno lgs6tf eof] . lgikIftf ePg .
 bnsf eft[ ;+u7g h:tf eP .
 ljeflht x'gfn] ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL sdhf]/ eof] .
 s]jn ;?jf a9'jfdf dfq rf;f] lbP .
 JolQmut lxtdf s]lGb|t 5g .
 cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ePg . x}l;ot yfx ePg .
 sfg'g tf]8bf axfb'/L 7fGg] k|j[lt 5 .
 ;/sf/ / 6]«8 o'lgog kIf k|ltkIf h:tf eP .
 k]zfut lxt / Joa;flostf j9fpg] Ifdtf 5}g .
 cg'zf;g lxgtf j9]sf] 5 .
 bnLo lgs6tfsf] cGTo ug]{ .
 Psn 6«]8 o'lgog dfq agfpg] .
 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lsf] Ifdtf a9fpg] .
 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/L ePs} cfwf/df yk ;'ljwf glbg] .
 cfrf/;+lxtf jgfO{ kfngf ug{ nufpg] .
 6]«8 o'lgog gLlt agfpg] .
 sd{rf/L ;DaGw ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
 ;?jf / j9'jf afx]ssf sfddf ;d]t ;+nUg x'g] jftfj/0f jgfpg] .
 cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ .
 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ .

39
 /fhkq cg+lstdf dfq l;ldt ug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;+3 ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jt+qtf,/f]huf/Lsf] xs / 6]«8 o'lgog xs,k]zfut clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj,>dzlQmnfO{ d'Vo cfly{s zlQmsf] ?kdf
:jLsf/ .
 >d P]g @)$*
 6]«8 o'lgog P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%)
 k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efsf] wf]if0ff @)^# j}zfv @*
 ILO Convention 89
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / /fHo Joa:yf ;ldlt
 dlGqkl/ifb
 cy{ dGqfno
 >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfno / >d ljefu
 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
 >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt
 >d cbfnt
 ljleGg 6«]8 o'lgogx?
 sd{rf/L ;DaGw ;ldlt

40
!^=6«flkms Joa:yfkgsf] ;d:of
 ;fF3'/f ;8s / km'6kfy] Jofkf/L
 ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk j9L 5 .
 cJoal:yt zx/Ls/0f
 6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf
 lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L af6f d} y'kf/]/ u/Lg] lgdf{0f sfo{
 ;dodf g} af6f] dd{t gx'g]
 ljleGg lgsfo ljr ;dGjosf] cefj 5 .
 rflxg] eGbf a9L r]shfFr
 kfls{+u Joal:yt ePg .
 ;fdfGo 36gfdf ;d]t af6f]df h'n'; lgsfNg] k|j[lt 5 .
 Overload ofq' / ;fdfg af]Sg'
 ;jf/L rfnsdf a9bf] b08lxgtf
 k'/fgf ;jf/L ;fwg / l;l08s]6
 Flying over Road ePgg . VVIP Movement Joal:yt ePg .
 ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ / k'/fgf ;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/ ug]{
 6«flkms ;DalGw hgr]tgf a9fpg] .
 Joal:yt zx/Ls/0f
 oftfot cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug]{
 kfls{+u Joa:yfkg ug]{

41
 k'/fgf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ lj:yfkg ug]{ .
 lj/f]w / x8tfnnfO{ Joal:yt ug]{ .
 VVIP Movement df ;jf/L ;fwg /f]Sg] k|j[ltdf lg?T;fxg ug]{ .
 Syndicate x6fpg] .
 cgfjZos r]ls+u gug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg] gLlt
 k|x/L P]g @)!@ / lgodfjnL @)$(
 ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g @)#!
 ;jf/L tyf oftfot Joj:yf P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%$
 oftfot cfrf/;+lxtf @)^&
 cfjlws of]hgf
 pkTosfdf j9L l;6 ePsf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
 kfls{+u Joa:yfkg
 Vehicle fitness Test,Licence df Smart Card
 ah]6
sfo{qmdut Joa:yfM
 6«flkms ;Ktfx,hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmdx?
 ;8s lj:tf/,kfls{+u Joa:yfkg
 b'3{6gf ljdfsf] Joa:yf
 dfk;] r]ls+u,ult r]s ug{ /f8f/ ug
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb

42
 ef}lts of]hgf tyf oftfot dGqfno,ljefu / dftxt sfof{nox?
 u[x dGqfno / g]kfn k|x/L
 ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no / cbfntx?
 ljleGg ljdf sDklgx?
 oftfot Joj;flo dxf;+3x?
 cy{ dGqfno
 sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsf / cGo gu/kflnsfx?

43
!(=phf{ ;+s6
 dfu cg';f/ pTkfbg ePg .
 ;8s,k|;f/0f nfOg h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ 5}gg .
 cfof]hgfdf nufgLsf] jftfj/0f 5}g .
 hn ljB'tdf cToflws /fhgLlts/0f 5 .
 r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsPg .
 ljB't dxz'ndf ;dofg's'n k'g/fjnf]sg gePsfn] 3f6f j9of] .
 hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf ag]gg .
 vf]nf Hold ug]{ t/ pTkfbg gug]{ k|j[lt 5 .
 gLhL If]q / j}b]lzs nufgL cfsif{0f ug{ ;lsPg .
 ;fgf hnljB't / j}slNks phf{df hf]8 lbg ;lsPg .
 ljB't ;DjlGw gLlt / P]g sfg'g ;dofg's'n 5}gg .
 pTkfbg a9fpg] .
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ .
 r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfO{ nufgLstf{nfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ .
 hnljB'tdf eO{ /x]sf] /fhgLlt aGb ug]{ .
 vf]nf Hold u/L pTkfbg gug]{sf] Ohfht /2 ug]{ .
 ;fgf hnljB'tdf hf]8 lbg] .
 j}slNks phf{sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
 ljB't gLlt / P]g lgoddf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
 ljB't dxz'nnfO{ ;dofg's'n agfpg] .
 ljB't k|flws/0fsf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f / :jfoQtf lbg] .

44
gLltut Joa:yfM
 k|fs[lts ;fwgsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f,ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ug]{ gLlt
 ljB't P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%)
 hn>f]t P]g @)$(
 ljB't rf]/L lgoGq0f P]g @)%* / lgodfjnL @)%(
 ljB't sf/f]jf/ P]g @)^# / lgodfjnL @)^$
 /fli6o ljB't ;+s6 lg?k0f sfo{of]hgf @)^%
 hnljB't ljsf; gLlt @)%*
 u|fld0f phf{ gLlt @)^#
sfo{qmdut Joa:yfM
 @% d]=jf= ;Dd :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lbg],l8h]n KnfG6 lgdf{0f ug]{,r'xfj6 @^ k|ltzt af6 @) k|ltztdf emfg]{,hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf,k|;f/0f
nfOg,hgr]tgf,CFL sf] k|of]u .
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / o:sf ;ldltx?
 dlGqkl/ifb
 phf{ dGqfno
 hn tyf phf{ zlQm cfof]u
 ljB't ljsf; ljefu
 g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f
 cy{ dGqfno
 /f=of]=cf=
 ljB't k|flws/0fsf dftxt sfo{nox?

45
@)= cfly{s cg'zf;glxgtf / e|i6frf/ a9g'
 sdhf]/ lhjg:t/ / u/LaL
 lhjg lgjf{x ug{ gk'Ug] tna ;'lawf
 j9bf] b08lxgtf
 lgodg / lgoGq0f ug]{ lgsfosf] Ifdtf sdhf]/ 5 .
 gful/s ;r]tgfsf] sld
 e|i6frf/df /fhg}lts ;+nUgtf / ;+/If0f
 k|lqmofd'vL sfo{k|0ffnL
 kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTjsf] sld
 lgsfout ;dGjosf] cefj
 lhDd]jf/L kG5fpg] / hjfkmb]lxtf glng] sd{rf/L
 sDhf]/ ;/sf/L cg'udg / gLl/If0f
 c:ki6 / ljjflbt P]g sfg'g
 gfu/Ls ;dfh ;zQm ePgg .
 sd{rf/LnfO{ lhjg lgjf{x ug{ k'Ug] tna ;'ljwf lbg] .
 e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ;DjlGw P]g sfg'gsf] ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g ug]{
 Law Enforcement Agency sf] Strengthen ug]{ .
 Social Awareness Program ;+rfng ug]{ .
 Civic Education df hf]8 lbg] .
 Private Sector / Social Sector ;+u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
 ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{non] x/]s dlxgfsf] Ps k6s vr{sf] ;fj{hlglss/0f ug]{ Joa:yf ug]{ .
 sd{rf/Ln] k]z u/]s]f ;DklQ ljj/0f nfO{ x/]s % jif{df ljZn]if0f ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfpg] .

46
 a]?h'nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf,j9'jf / k'/:sf/ ;+u Tie Up ug]{ .
 crn ;DklQ vl/b u/]s]f ! dlxgf leq clgjfo{ ?kdf lghfdlt lstfavfgfdf hfgsf/L lbg] / To;sf] clen]v /fVg] Joa:yf ldnfpg] .
 ;fdflhs ;+:sf/df kmh'n vr{ gug]{ .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g @)%(
 c=b'=c=cf= P]g @)$*,lgodfjnL @)%) / cfrf/;+lxtf @)^#
 /fh:j r'xfj6 lgoGq0f P]g @)%@
 n]vf k/LIf0f P]g @)$*
 Gofo kl/ifb P]g @)$*
 ;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL @)^^
 ;"rgfsf] xs / ;'zf;g ;DalGw P]g lgodx?
 e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f /0fgLlt @)^% / sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgf @)^*
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / ljleGg ;ldltx?
 dlGqkl/ifb
 c=b'=c=cf= / /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|
 ljz]if cbfnt / ljleGg txsf cbfntx?
 If]lqo tyf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?
 /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefu
 ;DklQ z'l4s/0f ljefu
 CIB
 Gofokl/ifb
 /fh:j Gofoflws/0f

47
@!=;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L ePg .
 ;]jfsf] dfkb08 / jlu{s/0f gx'g'
 ;]jf Demandbase 5}g .
 s]lGb|s[t / k|s[ofd'vL sfo{k|0ffnL
 sd{rf/Ldf ;]jfefjsf] cefj 5 .
 ;]jfu|fxLsf] r]tgf:t/ sd 5 .
 ;]jfu|flx u'0f:t/Lo 5}g . Cost Effective 5}g .
 gful/s ;dfh / Media ;zQm ePgg .
 ;]jfu|flx d"Nof+sg Joa:yf 5}g .
 uf]Kotfsf] ;+:s[lt 5 .
 u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ cf}krfl/stfdf l;ldt 5 .
 M and E / R and P k|efjsf/L 5}g .
 u'0f:t/sf dfkb08 tf]Sg]
 sfo{ljlw k|s[ofdf ;'wf/ ug]{
 Demandbase ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ .
 Cost,Time,distance / contract point 36fpg] .
 Customer satisfaction a9fpg] .
 3'lDt ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .
 ;]jfu|flxsf] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df pTs[i6 sd{rf/L 5gf}6 u/L k'/:s[t ug]{ .
 kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{ .
 ;]jfsf] af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
 M and E nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf a9fpg] .

48
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;]jf ljt/0fdf lje]b gug]{,EHREF ;]jfsf] k|Tofe'lt ug]{,zf]if0fsf] cGTo ug]{ .
 e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g @)%(
 ;'zf;g P]g / ;"rgfsf] xs ;DalGw P]g / lgodfjnL
 3'lDt ;]jf lgb]{lzsf @)^@
 g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL @)^^ / sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL @)%(
 ;/sf/L lg0f{o ;/nLs/0f ug]{ lgb]{lzsf @)^%
 pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f P]g @)%$
 cfjlws of]hgf
 jflif{s gLlt,sfo{qmd / ah]6
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
GOs,CBOs,NGOs,LBs,Civil Society,Media,PEs

49
@@=ul/aL lgjf/0f gx'g'
 Povery Mapping ePg .
 Feeding Approach ckgfOof] .
 >f]t ;fwgdf kx'Fr sd eof] .
 cfTd lge{/ ljsf; gLlt ckgfOPg .
 c;dfj]zL / c;Gt'lnt ljsf;
 ;fdflhs lje]b / j+lrlts/0fsf] k|efj 5 .
 ul/jLsf sf/0f klxrfg u/LPg .
 ;zlQms/0f ge} Welfare df hf]8
 6'qm] sfo{qmd / j9bf] e|i6frf/
 cg'udg / d"Nof+sg sDhf]/ eof] .
 4Gbsf] df/df ul/ax? k/] .
 cfly{s j[l4b/ sd eof] .
 ;/sf/sf] dfq lhDd]jf/L 7flgof] .
 Sustainability xf]Og Temporary ;dfwfg vf]lhof] .
 ul/aLsf] dfkb08 agfpg] / ul/asf] klxrfg ug]{ .
 /f]huf/L / cfod'ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
 NeedBased sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
 ljsf;sf cGo ;fem]bf/ ;+u ;fem]bf/L ug]{ .
 :yfgLo lgsfonfO ;'9[b agfpg] .
 ;dfj]lz / ;Gt'lnt ljsf; / ;dfg'kflts ljt/0fdf Wofg lbg] .

50
 ul/aL lgjf/0fsf sfo{qmdsf k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug]{ .
 ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifnfO{ ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno dftxt Nofpg] .
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .
 Remittance nfO{ cfod'ns If]qdf nufpg] .
 l;k / Ifdtf ljsf; u/L :j/f]huf/sf sfo{qmdnfO{ j9fjf lbg] .
 s[lifdf nufgL a9fpg] .
 Joj;flos lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] .
gLltut Joa:yfM
 ;dfj]lzs/0fdf hf]8,EHREF df cf/If0f lbO{ c;dfgtf sd ug]{,ljleGg df}lns xsx?,lgz'Ns lzIff,lgz'Ns :jf:Yo
 ul/aL lgjf/0f P]g @)^#
 cfjlws of]hgfdf ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] p2]Zo
 s[lif,lzIff nufotsf If]qut gLltx?
 MDGs / jflif{s jh]6
sfo{qmdut Joa:yfM
 nlIft sfo{qmdx?,ul/a 3/kl/jf/ klxrfg tyf kl/rokq ljt/0f,cf/If0f / ;dfj]lzs/0f,o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd,MDGs sfof{Gjog
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 dlGqkl/ifb / cy{ dGqfno
 ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno
 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno nufotsf ljifout dGqfnox?
 /f=lj=kl/ifb / /f=of]=cf=
 :yfgLo lgsfox?
 ul/a lgjf/0f sf]if / o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]if
 ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?

51
@#=g]kfndf ljsf; k|of; ;kmn ePg .
 ljsf;sf] Jojxfl/s df]8]n ckgfO{Pg . cfofltt / bftf k|efljt df]8]n ckgfOof] .
 ljsf; of]hgf / cfof]hgfsf] ;lx k|fyldlss/0f ePg .
 Rational Planning, Proper Implementation / Effective Monitoring ePg .
 Work Culture sf] cefj 5 . sd{rf/L / hgtfdf ;d]t .
 Supplyled Program eP . ;/sf/ lbg] / hgtf kfpg] eGg] ;f]r xflj 5 .
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ ePg . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ePg . HRD ul/Pg .
 Transparency, Accountability / Responsiveness sf] cefj 5 .
 Distributive jUstice ePg . ;Gt'lnt ljsf; ePg .
 :yfgLo >f]tsf] kl/rfng x'g ;s]g .
 s[lifnfO ul/asf] k]zf jgfOof] .
 hgtfnfO{ ;zQm / cfTdlge{/ agfpg] eGbf klg popular sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbOof] .
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbg ;lsPg .
 ljsf;nfO{ clwsf/sf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;lsPg .
 ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ePg .
 ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{qmd x? 6'qm] / gfd dfqsf 5g . dfl;s ?=#)) ckf+u eQf lbg] s'/f .
 ljs]lGb|s/0f gf/fdf dfq l;ldt 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/Pg . hgk|ltlglw ljlxg 5g .
 4Gbsf] c;/ .
 ljsf;sf cGo Actors sf] kl/rfng ug{ ;lsPg .
 Centralised Planning Policy ckgfpg] .
 Participatory Development df hf]8 lbg] .
 /f=of]=cf=sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .

52
 lg/Gt/ k|zf;g ;'wf/df hf]8 lbg] .
 e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 Distributive Justice sfod ug]{ / ;Gt'lnt ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .
 /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ / ul/jL lgjf/0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
 :yfgLo l;k / >f]tsf] kl/rfngdf hf]8 lbg] .
 Work Culture sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
 PPP nfO{ Joaxf/df nfu' ug]{ .
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Gt'lnt ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] .
 s[lifnfO{ Joj;flos/0f ug]{ .
 ljBdfg ljleGg lsl;dsf lje]b / c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ .
 Program / Project sf] Implementability a9fpg] / k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
gLltut Joj:yfM
 cfly{s ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ug]{,PPP sf] dfWod af6 cy{tGqsf] ljsf;,lbuf] ljsf; / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f,lje]bsf] cGTo ug]{ /fHosf]
bfloTj,l;2fGt / gLltx?
 /fli6o of]hgf cfof]usf] u7g cfb]z @)^&
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?
 j}b]lzs ;xfotf tyf nufgL ;DalGw gLltx?
 ljleGg If]qut gLltx?
 MDGs
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;+u ;DalGwt gLlt tyf P]g lgodx?
sfo{qmdut Joa:yfM
 cg'udg kmf/dx?
 Bottom up Planning

53
 Inclusive /Target Programs
 /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf x?,ul/aL lgjf/0fsf sfo{qmdx?
;+:yfut Joa:yfM
 ;+;b / dlGqkl/ifb
 /f=lj=kl/ifb / /f=of]=cf=
 g]=/f=a}s
 ljleGg dGqfno / dftxt sfof{nox?
 lghL If]q,u}=;=;= / gful/s ;dfh
 k|zf;g ;'wf/df ;+nUg lgsfox?
 :yfgLo lgsfox?
 /fli6«o ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt
 dGqfno:t/Lo ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt

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