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Taiwan announced INDC target voluntarily to combat climate change
- 1. Taiwan on track to greenhouse gas reduction (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, INDC) Dr. Kuo-Yen Wei Minister, Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) November 17, 2015
- 2. The Carbon Emission and Intensity in Taiwan (1990-2013) 2 109 150 209 245 252 256 245 232 248 253 249 249 0.0228 0.0219 0.0228 0.0219 0.0214 0.0204 0.0193 0.0186 0.0180 0.0177 0.0170 0.0167 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200 0.0250 0.0300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 CarbondioxideEmissionIntensity(kg/NTD) CO2 emission from Fuel Combustion Crbon dioxide Emission Intensity Year Carbonemissions(Milliontones)
- 3. Public Participation Central and local government should work together with the public and civil societies on communication, mutual understanding and building strong partnership, to combat climate change and create a paradigm shift. Industry Transformation Building long-term low carbon infrastructure will accelerate the pace in which energy-intensive industry is transformed Bridging to the New Act The year 2030 is a turning point that bridge the NAMA goal with the Act. Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act regulate that by the year 2050, Taiwan will reduce its greenhouse gas emission by 50% below the 2005 level. National Responsibility Countries share common but differentiated responsibility and should propose reduction commitment based on respective capacity. International Trend Mitigate climate change; toward green economy Factors Considered for INDC Trade Protection The gap between different level of commitment between countries may create barriers for trade. Industries should be prepared to avoid such negative impacts 3
- 4. Taiwan’s INDC: Process and Direction • Estimate future socio-economic development (population and GDP growth forecast) • Inventory of reduction of energy demand side by the largest measures in all departments • Planning energy supply side scenarios and power ratio combination • Various possible estimate of greenhouse gas emissions • Set reduction targets in light of other countries INDC and ”Greenhouse Gas Reduction And Management Act" target specification • Consult our carbon reduction potential and risk, determine the declaratory reduction targets • Steadily decrease the nuclear, carbon reduction exercise, gradually move towards nuclear-free homeland Energy demand side • Industrial, transportation and residential/commerce sectors for optimization of structural adjustment, every sectors for maximization energy saving Energy supply side • No restrictions on electricity as the premise, a low-carbon fuel alternatives as priority • Continue to strengthen energy resources (hot steam power) integration, geothermal power generation, carbon capture deposit and other low-carbon green energy related forward-looking technology, and expanded benefits of forest carbon sinks Reduction estimation process Reduction policy direction 2014.12 2015.01 2015.03 2015.06-09 2015.11.30-12.11 Executive Yuan Meeting UNFCCC Paris COP21 Meeting 2015.09.17 Executive Yuan inter-ministerial task group (25 meetings) Socio-Economy Development Assumptions inter-ministerial consultative meeting INDC early discussion of expert advice UNFCCC Lima COP20 Meeting 4
- 5. Rank: 31th of Global Share 0.55% Economy depends upon international trade, mainly composed of Small and Medium Enterprises. An island with an independent electricity grid. Imported energy making up over 98% of energy demand. Taiwan’s share in global GHG emissions Ref：World Resources Institute (WRI) http://cait.wri.org/ 5
- 6. Emission Target Greenhouse gas emission reduction (214 MtCO2eq) by 50% from the business-as-usual level (428 MtCO2eq) by 2030 Scope Economy-wide Gases covered CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 Sectors covered Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land-use, Land-use change and forestry; Waste Assumptions and Methodological Approaches 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Global Warming Potential used in IPCC AR4 Credits from International Market Mechanisms The emissions reduction target is committed to the domestic measures mostly. Future reduction potential can benefit from being involved in the international market mechanism. An economy-wide target to reduce its GHGs emissions by 50% from the business-as-usual level by 2030. Taiwan’s INDC 6
- 7. 2050 GHG Reduction and Management Act 2020 NAMAs 2030 INDC Low Carbon pathway 50% lower than the BAU by 2030 30% lower than the BAU by 2020 50% lower than the 2005 level Taiwan has followed the UNFCCC as well as her domestic "Basic Environment Act" and "Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act" in proposing an INDC unilaterally. Mid-term Target Long-term Goal Short-term Target Taiwan is on track to greenhouse gas reduction 7
- 8. 214 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2050 GHGEmissions(MtCO2eq) BAU Emissions Projection 50% from the BAU level 428 Year 269 Goals of Taiwan’s GHG Reduction 2030’s GHG emission will be 50% of the BAU. ~ about 2000’s level， = 20% off 2005’s level. 20% 50% 50% below 2005 levels by 2050 (GHG Reduction and Management Act) 20% below 2005 Levels by 2030 (INDC) 134 Historical emissions 8
- 10. Taiwan is a part of Gaia http://i.ytimg.com/vi/OQ6Rj-yKyPU/hqdefault.jpg 10
- 11. “2015 can and must be the time for global action”. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations 11
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome and thank you for coming today. I am Kuo-Yen Wei, Minister of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Today I would like to talk about Taiwan’s climate change policies and actions, in our efforts toward a common future for global climate mitigation and adaptation.
- In responds to a series of international climate action, Taiwan has taken aggressive actions at international, domestic and the general public level.
- Taiwan’s economy is mainly supported by small and medium enterprises, and is export-oriented. In 2012, Taiwan’s total GHG emission is responsible for 0.55% of global greenhouse gas emission. Taiwan lacks locally produced energy resource and is highly dependent on import of energy source. These characteristics isolate Taiwan’s energy system from its neighboring countries.
- Taking on the responsibility as a member of the global village, Taiwan has also proposed the INDC last month, committing to reduce its GHG emissions by 50% from the BAU level by 2030, which means to reduce 214 Mt CO2eq.
- In Taiwan, the Green New Deal was promoted by Taiwan EPA. It includes two approaches in one integrated pathway. According to the resolutions of “The Third National Energy Conference” in 2009, it is expected to establish 50 low-carbon communities in two years and 6 low-carbon cities in five years, and to establish the Taiwan Island into four low-carbon living spheres in ten years. There is indeed a long way to go. Energy must be used in a sustainable, highly efficient, manageable manner, but the prerequisite is that it is secured. Green economy will lead to an open market on green technology basis. This is the vision for our low-carbon & sustainable communities or low-carbon homeland.