Presentation about how apply TRIZ methodology to solving scientific problems. Lecture for sciencehit.by project.

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SCIENCE AS AN INVENTION November, 2016

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AGENDA
1. TRIZ basic concepts
1. Principles of TRIZ
2. Ideality
3. Inventive problem. Contradiction
4. Engineering case study
2. Research as Invention
1. Scientific method
2. Scientific revolutions
3. Paradigm. S-curve. Paradigm shift.
4. Scientific problem solving strategies
5. Research case study

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TRIZ BASIC CONCEPTS
Nov. 2016

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2016
3500 BC 2000 BC8000 BC 1883
1946
REINVENTING
THE WHEEL

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TRIZ PRINCIPLES
Genrich Altshuller (1926 –1998)
created the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
(TRIZ is Russian acronym)
1. Engineering systems evolve
according to objective laws and
regularities.
2. Problems appearing during the
engineering system evolution
can be solved by the
elimination of contradiction.

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Value
Time
Current system
New system
Requirements
Inventive
problem
Incremental innovation
Disruptive
innovation
SYSTEM EVOLUTION. S-CURVE

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Is designed and developed in order
to create value
Useful system
appears by itself. It «produces"
undesirable effects
Harmful system
USEFUL & HARMFUL SYSTEM
Value
Undesirable effects

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A system evaluates through the
increasing of the degree of ideality
The law of increasing ideality
IDEALITY
Degree
of Ideality =
Useful system
Harmful system
1930` Today track Track concept

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IDEALITY. EVOLUTION OF SMARTPHONE KEYBOARD

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INVENTIVE PROBLEM
Suitable
solution
Known
solutions
Inventive
Problem
Deep
Web
Inventive Problem – a situation,
when a person (engineer) does not
know a suitable solution to the
problem.

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Inventive Thinking
Engineering Thinking
CONTRADICTION CONCEPT
Contradiction is a situation when usage (with improvement)
of known solution allows to meets some requirement(s), but
generates harmful or undesirable effect(s).
In business systems a contradiction appears as a conflict of
stakeholder interests.
Suitable
solution
improvement
Requirements
meets
Undesirable
effect(s)
causes

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CONTRADICTION RESOLUTION ROADMAP
Existing solution
option 1
Achieved
requirement
Undesirable
effect
Existing solution
option 2
Non-
achieved
requirement
Eliminated
harmful
effect
Selected solution
option
Property = (+)
Property = (-)
Ideal final result &
property contradiction
Inventive problem with
contradiction in requirements
Operational
Time
Operational
space
Property +
Property-
Resources &
solution
Resources

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Inventive problem case study
Nov. 2016

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HOTEL GROUP. CONTRADICTION
Hotel owners
started to
complain
These hotels
disappeared from the
recommended list
Personalization
engine selects most
preferable hotels
for customers
Customers
receive most
preferable hotels
Occupancy of
these hotels
decreased
Customers get
offers that
correspond to their
preferences
All hotels are presented
in recommendation
lists
CtP = full
= partial
CtP - Correspondence to Preferences

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RESOURCE ANALYSIS
CtP = full
CtP = partial
Time
Time period
before selection
A moment, when
personalization
engine selects a
hotel for customer
Time period
after selection
CtP = partial
CtP = full
Personalization engine matches hotel
options to customer’s preferences
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
O
Customer’s preference
Hotel option
O
O
O

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SOLUTION IDEAS
Personalization engine can generate report containing attributes and data on why
some hotels are losing to selected hotels.
1
This data can be used by hotel owners to improve their value proposition for
customers.
2
This data can be used by Hotel Group to involve new customers who will prefer
options provided by unloaded hotels
3

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Research as Invention
Nov. 2016

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1. The scientific method is a body
of techniques for
investigating phenomena, acquiring
new knowledge, or correcting and
integrating previous knowledge.
[Garland, Jr., Theodore. The scientific
method as an ongoing process.]
2. The scientific method is a method or
procedure that has characterized
natural science since the 17th century,
consisting in systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, and the
formulation, testing, and modification
of hypothesis.
[Oxford Dictionaries]
Scientific method
SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
Heliocentric world
•Copernicus, heliocentric
world
•Kepler, laws of planetary
motion
Mechanical world
•Galileo, the principle of
inertia
•Descartes, coordinate
system, analytic geometry
•Newton, the laws of
mechanics, the
fundamentals of theoretical
physics
Dialectical world
•Kant, the dialectic
•Darwin, The Origin of
Species
•Lomonosov, the law of
conservation of energy &
substance
Relativistic world
•Rutherford, Bohr, model of
the atom
•Einstein, Theory of
Relativity

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1 2 3 4
MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES
PHYSICS
• violation of the law of
conservation of matter
• the dimension of the
universe
• speeds above the speed
of light
BIOLOGY
• junk DNA in the human
genome
• evolutionary gaps
between Neanderthals
and Homo sapiens
CONSCIOUS
• the phenomenon of
consciousness during
clinical death
• Paranormal phenomena:
they are fixed, they are,
but they do not fit into
the existing scientific
concepts
• mental viruses (mems)
• Artificial conscious
HISTORY
• new artifacts did not fit
into the official history
paradigm (the
interpretation is always
given from the
standpoint of the current
government)

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A paradigm is a distinct set of concepts
or thought patterns, including theories,
research methods, postulates, and
standards for what constitutes legitimate
contributions to a field
Paradigm
Paradigm shift
A paradigm shift, as identified by
American physicist and philosopher
Thomas Kuhn, is a fundamental change
in the basic concepts and experimental
practices of a scientific discipline.
PARADIGM & PARADIGM SHIFTSolutions
Time
Current paradigm
New paradigm
Unsolved problems

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PARADIGM SHIFT EXAMPLE
П.К. Энгельмейеръ. Теорiя творчества.
Спб, «Образованiе», 1910.

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Level 1. Using known
concepts (existing
model) in new
conditions
Level 4. Paradigm shift
LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS
Solutions
Time
Current paradigm
Level 2. Using most
appropriate model. We use
old concepts but expand
their interpretation
Level 3. Contradiction

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SCIENTIFIC SOLUTION EXAMPLES
Scientific solution Example
1 Using known concepts (existing model) in
new conditions
Watching some star revolves around “emptiness”
in a circle, we can explain this fact by using the
concept of a “black hole”.
2 Using most appropriate model. We use the
same concepts but expand interpretation
of these concepts
To explain the alpha particles diffusion,
Rutherford used the most suitable model: a
planetary model of the atom with heavy nucleus,
which accumulate all the mass of an atom
3 Usage of well-known models and theories
leads to the violation of compliance
between them and reality, i.e., rise to
contradictions. At the third level re-solving
the contradiction leads to changes in the
conceptual apparatus of the theory.
Photoelectric effect. Light transmits power
continuously since it is a wave process. In other
cases, the light energy must pass
instantaneously, because it is not a wave
process. The resolution of this contradiction has
led to change of understanding of light concept.

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EXAMPLE. SUPERFLUIDITY EFFECT
В 1935 г. Виллем Кеезон обнаружил, что, теплопроводность
гелия 2 (при Т ниже 2,2 К) в узких капиллярах в миллион раз
больше, чем у самого теплопроводного металла – серебра. Но
другие опыты показали, что вязкость гелия в тысячу раз
меньше, чем у воды, а при переходе от гелия-1 к гелию-2
было замечено дополнительное уменьшение вязкости. Как
это объяснить?
Противоречие: чтобы иметь высокую теплопроводность,
слои атомов должны быть сильно связанны друг с другом
и, чтобы иметь низкую вязкость, они должны быть слабо
связаны друг с другом.
Виллем Хендрик Кеезом
(1876—1956)

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In a system or process takes place an unique or
repeated harmful or useful phenomenon. We have to
establish the cause of the phenomenon and its action
mechanism.
In particular case we have to detect the cause of a
fault in the system or process.
Engineering detective
Research
Research is characterized in that the causes of the
phenomenon under investigation are not related to a
human activity.
RESEARCH PROBLEM TYPES IN TRIZ

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SCIENTIFIC -> INVENTIVE PROBLEM
How to explain the causes of
phenomenon?
How to ensure the emergence of
the phenomenon?
How to find the fault in the
system?
How to break the system?

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2
1
3
REASEARCH PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES IN TRIZ
The research problem is different from the inventive one in that we can not add new
resources to the system under investigation.
We have to find a solution using only the resources existing in the system.
In many cases, the solution of a research problem depends from the availability of a specific
resource.
Is there right resource or a resource have to be obtained from other resources in the right
place at the right time?
The most frequent strategy in the research problem solving is to find hidden changes of
existing resources.
Generally, the hidden change of existing resources differs the system in which a phenomenon
occurs, from the system where this phenomenon was not observed.

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RESEARCH PROBLEM SOLVING CASE
Почему лев не кусает дрессировщика?

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THANK YOU!
Andrei KURYAN, TRIZ trainer
andrei_Kuryan@epam.com