День атомної енергетики 2014. Вклад європейської атомної галузі в енергобезпеку ЄС. Річард Івенс, Директор з інституційних питань Європейського атомного форуму

1. Contribution of the European Nuclear Industry
to EU Energy Security
Richard Ivens, FORATOM
Ukrainian Nuclear Forum Roundtable
Kiev, 24 September 2014

2. What FORATOM is
FORATOM is the Brussels-based trade association for the nuclear
industry in Europe
• 16 national nuclear associations active across Europe
• More than 800 organisations represented (vendors, utilities, nuclear
fuel cycle, engineering, transport, waste storage, lawyers,
consultants, insurers)
• 250,000 direct and 900,000 total jobs
• €50 billion per year turnover

4. FORATOM Members: major industry players

5. What FORATOM does
• Acts as voice of nuclear energy industry in European Union energy
policy debate
• Enhances relations between nuclear industry and EU institutions
• Delivers information on nuclear energy to EU institutions, media and the
public
• Informs its members about developments emerging from EU
institutions
• Interacts with intergovernmental organisations (like IAEA, OECD/NEA,
IEA, and WANO)
• Communicates latest science and technology in co-operation with
European Nuclear Society (ENS)

6. EC Communication1 “European Energy Security
Strategy”
• Requested by Council on 20/21 March 2014 as a result of “Ukraine
crisis”
• “EC to carry out an in depth study of EU’s energy security and
deliver, by June 2014, a comprehensive plan for the reduction of
EU’s energy dependence”
• Published on 28 May 2014 as COM(2014) 330 final (24 pages)
• Accompanied on 2 July 2014 by Staff Working Document
SWD(2014) 330 final (233 pages)
1. Note that a Communication is a non-binding discussion document. It may lead to future EU legislation. Only Directives and
Regulations, once approved by Council and Parliament, are legally binding in the Member States.
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7. Recommended short term measures
• Increasing gas stocks
• Developing emergency infrastructure such as reverse
flows
• Reducing short-term energy demand
• Switching to alternative fuels
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8. Recommended medium to long term measures
• Increasing energy efficiency and reaching the proposed 2030
energy and climate goals
• Increasing energy production in the EU and diversifying
supplier countries and routes
• Completing the internal energy market and building missing
infrastructure links
• Speaking with one voice in external energy policy
• Strengthening emergency and solidarity mechanisms and
protecting critical infrastructure
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9. Current EU energy dependence
• Total energy 53%
• Crude oil 90%
• Natural gas 66%
• Solid fuels 42%
• Uranium 95%
• Uranium enrichment 39%
• Nuclear fuel 40%
• 6 Member States totally dependent on Russia for natural gas
• 3 Member States totally dependent on Russia for electricity grid
• 4 Member States totally dependent on Russia for nuclear fuel
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10. EC Communication: Uranium and Nuclear Fuel
• Nuclear provides reliable, emission-free baseload electricity
• Cost of nuclear fuel is marginal
• Worldwide uranium supply market is stable and well diversified
• EU has technological leadership in whole fuel cycle chain
• Particular attention should be paid to NPPs using non-EU
technology, to ensure these plants are not dependent only on
Russia for fuel supplies
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12. “Key actions” on uranium and nuclear fuel
• The Commission and Member States should jointly “cooperate to
diversify supply of nuclear fuel when needed”
• The Commission will “systematically take into consideration
diversification of fuel supplies in its assessment of new nuclear
investment projects and new draft agreements or contracts with third
countries”
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13. The role of the Euratom Supply Agency
• Legal powers under Chapter 6 of the Euratom Treaty
• Monitors and co-signs all nat. and enriched uranium supply
contracts
• Encourages diversity of supply; warns individual users of excessive
dependency on a single supplier and in some cases enforces action
• Surveys market trends and reports annually
• New role to scrutinise diversity of supply for new NPP investments
(via Article 41 Euratom)
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14. EU fuel cycle capabilities
• Current uranium inventory of 54,000t, equivalent to ~3 years supply
• Conversion capacity nearly matches EU requirements
• Enrichment capacity (AREVA and Urenco) more than sufficient to
cover EU needs
• Reprocessing capacity in France (and UK)
• Transport and storage not a problem
• Limited number of fuel fabricators (AREVA, Westinghouse, TVEL)
• Utilities with Western designed reactors usually split fuel cycle
suppliers; supply for Russian designed reactors normally “bundled”
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15. EU uranium enrichment share 2012, 2013
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Source: ESA

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17. FORATOM responses to recent EC public consultations
• 2050 Energy Roadmap (February 2011)
• 2050 Energy Roadmap – post Fukushima update (October 2011)
• Nuclear Safety Directive (September 2013)
• Nuclear 3rd party liability (October 2013)
• Environment & Energy Aid Guidelines (February 2014)
• Hinkley Point C (UK) state aid inquiry (April 2014)
• 2030 Climate & Energy Policy (March 2014)
• Security of energy supply (June 2014)
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18. FORATOM Position Paper on Security of Energy Supply:
key points
• Nuclear energy offers diversity from other energy forms, notably fossil fuels
• Nuclear generates electricity in 14 of the 28 EU Member States, producing
~30% of the EU’s electricity, 53% of the low-C electricity
• NPPs operate at high availability, typically 85-90%
• Fuel resources are available from a variety of politically stable countries
• EU companies offer commercial mining, conversion, enrichment, fuel
fabrication and recycling capabilities
• Uranium requirements are small and marginal in terms of cost; on-site
storage of several years’ worth of fuel is common practice
• Nuclear electricity is competitive with other forms of energy
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19. Thank you for your attention!
www.foratom.org