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AIDS
1.
2. WHAT is AIDS ?
HIV- (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) the virus compromises the
body’s ability to handle disease and causes AIDS.
AIDS- AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. When the immune
system CD4 cells drop to a low level, a person ability to fight
infection is lost.
3. HISTORY
AIDS is the biggest threat to mankind in last three decades.
The first case of aids was described from New York (USA) in 1981.
Due to its large population size, India has the third largest HIV
epidemic in the world
There were approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV at the
end of 2017 with 1.8 million people becoming newly infected in 2017
globally reported by WHO.
4. TYPES OF HIV
•HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the two main
types of HIV.
•HIV-1 is the most widespread type
worldwide. HIV-2, a less prevalent
and less pathogenic (disease-causing)
type, is found principally in western
Africa.
•HIV-2 is becoming more common in
India.
5. SYMPTOMS
When HIV emerges from latency (The
period when someone with HIV
shows no signs of it) symptoms can
include:
Dry, flaky skin
Chronic fatigue
Fever that comes and goes (pyrexia)
Diarrhoea that lasts more than a
week
Heavy night sweats
Rapid weight loss
Swollen lymph nodes
White spots on tongue, mouth
& throat
6. HIV CAN BE TRANSMITTED BY
Sexual Mode- 75 %
Blood Transfusion- 5 %
Percutaneous/Mucosal- 5 %
Perinatal Mode- 20-40 %
7.
8. WHICH BODY FLUID CONTAIN HIV ?
HIV lives and reproduces in blood and other body
fluids. we know that the following fluids can contain
high levels of HIV-
Blood
Semen
Pre-seminal fluid
Breast milk
Vaginal fluids
Rectal (anal) mucous
GET
EDUCATED
HIV/ AIDS
IS A
SILENT
KILLER
9. Other body fluids and waste products—like feces,
nasal fluid, saliva, sweat, tears, urine, or vomit—don’t
contain enough HIV to infect you, unless they have
blood mixed in them and you have significant and
direct contact with them. healthcare workers may be
exposed to some other body fluids with high
concentrations of HIV, including:
Amniotic fluid
CSF
Synovial fluid
10. HIV CANNOT BE TRANSMITTED BY
Casual contact
Sharing food or water
Kissing and Touching
Helping an injured person with HIV
Bite of Mosquitoes and other insects
Toilet seats
11. ELISA
Rapid card test
Screening Test
P- 24 Antigen & NASBA
Real time PCR & RT- PCR
Confirmatory Test
CD4 T Cell Count
CD4:CD8 T Cell ratio
Non Specific Test
DIAGNOSIS
12. TREATMENT
There is no cure for HIV.
Anti-retroviral therapy can
reduce the presence of the virus
in the body, but can not
eliminate it.