www.prosuspensiontrainer.com/ If you reside in Muskoka and looking for kitchen cabinets designs, then it is advisable to visit the showrooms.

1. TRX SuspensionTRX Suspension
TrainingTraining
www.prosuspensiontrainer.comwww.prosuspensiontrainer.com

2. MotivationMotivation

3. OutlineOutline
Introduction and history.Introduction and history.
GSM architecture.GSM architecture.
Implementation.Implementation.
Technology and standards.Technology and standards.
SummarySummary
www.prosuspensiontrainer.comwww.prosuspensiontrainer.com

4. IntroductionIntroduction
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Anybody – 500 million users (may 2001)Anybody – 500 million users (may 2001)

Anywhere – 168 countries (may 2001)Anywhere – 168 countries (may 2001)

Any media – voice, messaging, data, multimediaAny media – voice, messaging, data, multimedia

www.prosuspensiontrainer.comwww.prosuspensiontrainer.com
Source: Hillebrand, 1

5. GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
OMC
Home Location Register
AuC
Equipment ID
Network
Management
Center
B
T
S
B
T
S
B
T
S
ME
ME
ME
Subscriber
Identity
Module
Subscriber
Identity
Module
Subscriber
Identity
Module
Base station
controller
PSTN
Mobile
swiching
center
Data
communication
network
BTS = Base Transceiver Station
AuC = Authentication Center
OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center
PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network
ME = Mobile Equipment
Source: Stallings, 313
Source: Mehrotra, 27
Visitor Location
Register

6. GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
F1 F2 F1' F2'
Frequency
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
45 MHz
BS Transmission
Band : 935 – 960
MHZ
MS Transmission
Band : 890 – 915
MHZ
Year IntroducedYear Introduced 19901990
Access methodAccess method TDMATDMA
Channel BandwidthChannel Bandwidth 200 kHz200 kHz
Number of duplexNumber of duplex
channelschannels
125125
Users per channelUsers per channel 88
Speech coding bitSpeech coding bit
raterate
13 kbps13 kbps
Data coding bit rateData coding bit rate 12 kbps12 kbps
Frame sizeFrame size 4.6 ms4.6 ms

7. SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)
Billions of Calls
Millions of Subscribers
Thousand of Different Types of Telephones
Hundreds of Countries
Dozens of Manufacturers….
And only one Card:
www.prosuspensiontrainer.com
Source: Hillebrand, 369
http://ucables.com/products/simcards/
•Administrative data
•Security data
•Subscriber data
•Roaming data
•www.prosuspensiontrainer.com

8. ImplementationImplementation
www.prosuspensiontrainer.com
Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard
(HMI)
Voice encoding Ciphering Modulation
Voice decoding
>Channel Decoding
>De-Interleaving
>Re-formatting
Deciphering
Amplifier
>Channel encoding
>Interleaving
>Burst generation
Receiver
Transmitter
Demodulation
Source: Heine, 14

9. ImplementationImplementation
Abis-
Interface
O&M Module Operation and maintenance functionality/clock distribution
Digital signal
processing (NF
functionality)
HF Transmitter
(HF-TX)
Input filter
Output filter
HF Receiver
(HF-RX)
Slowfrequency
hopping
Transmission
system
TRX
Block Diagram of a BTS with one TRX
www.prosuspensiontrainer.com

10. GSM VariantsGSM Variants
VariantVariant UplinkUplink
(MHz)(MHz)
DownlinkDownlink
(MHz)(MHz)
TotalTotal
BandwidthBandwidth
Duplex-Duplex-
frequencyfrequency
ChannelsChannels
GSM-400GSM-400 451-458 and451-458 and
479-486479-486
461-468 and461-468 and
489-496489-496
Twice 14 MHzTwice 14 MHz 10 MHz10 MHz Twice 72Twice 72
GSM-900GSM-900
(primary(primary
band)band)
890-915890-915 935-960935-960 Twice 25 MHzTwice 25 MHz 45 MHz45 MHz Twice 124Twice 124
ExtendedExtended
GSM-900GSM-900
880-915880-915 925-960925-960 Twice 35 MHzTwice 35 MHz 45 MHz45 MHz Twice 174Twice 174
GSM-RGSM-R 876-880876-880 921-925921-925 Twice 4 MHzTwice 4 MHz 45 MHz45 MHz Twice 19Twice 19
DCS-1800DCS-1800 1,710-1,7851,710-1,785 1,805-1,8801,805-1,880 Twice 75 MHzTwice 75 MHz 95 MHz95 MHz Twice 373Twice 373
PCS-1900PCS-1900 1,850-1,9101,850-1,910 1,930-1,9901,930-1,990 Twice 60 MHzTwice 60 MHz 80 MHz80 MHz Twice 300Twice 300
www.prosuspensiontrainer.com

11. SummarySummary
Network architectureNetwork architecture
ImplementationImplementation
Voice applicationVoice application
Data applicationData application
www.prosuspensiontrainer.comwww.prosuspensiontrainer.com

12. ReferencesReferences
Bekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, andBekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and
ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001.ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001.
Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance:Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance:
Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003.Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003.
Hillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global MobileHillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile
Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002.Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002.
Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation.Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation.
Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999.Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999.
Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc.,Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc.,
1997.1997.
Harte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDGHarte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDG
Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999.Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999.
www.prosuspensiontrainer.comwww.prosuspensiontrainer.com