Vocabulary related to SOIL

1. ENGLISH-POLISH-SPANISH EARTH
GLOSSARY

2. Absolute Date: An estimate of the true age of a mineral or
rock based on the rate of decay of radioactive minerals.
la datación absoluta
data bezwzględna

3. Absorption: Uptake of matter or energy by a substance
absorbcja
la absorción

4. Acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0.
suelo ácido
gleba kwaśna

5. Acidification: Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7)
because acid parent material is present or in regions with high
rainfall, where soil leaching occurs.
acidificación
zakwaszanie

6. Active volcano: A volcano that is erupting; or one that has
erupted within recent time and is considered likely to do
so in the near future.
el volcán activo
Aktywny wulkan

7. Adsorption: Process by which atoms, molecules or ions are
retained on the surfaces of solids by chemical or physical
bonding.
la adsorción
adsorpcja

8. Aggregation: Process whereby primary soil particles (sand,
silt, clay) are bound together, usually by natural forces.
agregación
agregacja

9. Ash: Fine particles of rock material ejected during an
explosive volcanic eruption.
la ceniza
popiół

10. Avalanche: A large mass of material falling or sliding rapidly
due to the force of gravity.
la avalancha
lawina

11. Basalt: Volcanic rock that is generally dark in color and is rich
in iron and magnesium.
el basalto
bazalt

12. Bedrock: A general term for any consolidated rock.
roca madre
skała macierzysta

13. Biostratigraphy: The study and classification of rocks and
their history based on their fossil content.
la bioestratigrafía
biostratygrafia

14. Clay: Soil particle smaller than 0.002mm or 2μm.
la arcilla
glina

15. Crater: A steep-sided, usually circular depression formed by
either explosion or collapse at a volcanic vent.
el cráter
krater

16. Crust: Earth's outer layer of rock. Also called the lithosphere.
la corteza
skorupa ziemska

17. Dormant volcano: A volcano which is presently inactive but
which may erupt again.
volcán latente
wulkan drzemiący

18. Earthquake: the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting
from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that
creates seismic waves.
el terremoto
trzęsienie ziemi

19. Erosion: The movement of weathered material downslope
under the influence of gravity.
la erosión
erozja

20. Eruption: The process by which solid, liquid, and gaseous
materials are ejected into the earth's atmosphere and onto the
earth's surface by volcanic activity.
la erupción
erupcja

21. Extinct volcano: A volcano that is not presently erupting and
is not likely to do so for a very long time in the future.
volcán extinto
wulkan wygasły

22. Fen: Flat and swampy land, usually low in altitude.
la zona pantanosa
mokradło

23. Fossil: Evidence of past life on earth which can include the
preserved hard and soft parts of plants and animals.
el fósil
skamielina

24. Geology: Study of the planet Earth, its composition,
structure, natural processes, and history.
la geología
geologia

25. Geothermal energy: Energy derived from the internal heat
of the earth.
la energía geotérmica
energia geotermalna

26. Geyser: A spring that shoots jets of hot water and steam into
the air.
el géiser
gejzer

27. Glaciers: Large masses of ice that form by the compaction
and recrystallization of snow under freezing conditions.
glaciares
lodowce

28. Lava: Magma which has reached the surface through a
volcanic eruption.
la lava
lawa

29. Magma: Molten rock beneath the surface of the earth.
el magma
magma

30. Mantle: The zone of the earth below the crust and above the
core.
el manto
płaszcz ziemski

31. Parent material: Mineral or rock material on and/or from
which soils are formed during pedogenesis (soil formation
process).
el material parental
materiał macierzysty

32. Sand: Soil particles between 0.05 mm and 2 mm.
la arena
piasek

33. Seismograph: An instrument that records seismic waves;
that is, vibrations of the earth. Used to record and measure
earthquakes.
el sismógrafo
sejsmograf

34. Silt: Soil particles between 0.002 mm and 0.05 mm.
el cieno
muł

35. Soil degradation: Negative process often accelerated by
human activities that leads to deterioration of soil properties
and functions or destruction of soil as a whole.
la degradación del
suelo
degradacja gleby

36. Weathering: The breakdown and changes in rocks and
sediments at or near the Earth's surface.
la meteorización
wietrzenie