EXUS' Invited research seminar to the University of Surrey - Institute for Communications Systems (5G Research). The seminar evolves around the European Strategy for civil security applications and innovation opportunities. IT gives a thorough overview of key activities in the area of critical infrastructure protection, first response operations and the role of communications in facilitating advances in the field. Dimitris Vassiliadis - EXUS Innovation

1. Innovating in European Civil Security
Current trends, applications and the role of
communications systems
Dimitris Vassiliadis
Head, EXUS Innovation
CCSR, 26 May 2015

2. Outline
Introduction to EXUS Innovation
Civil security in Europe
Innovative civil security applications
• Critical Infrastructure Protection
• Response operations management
• Crowd evacuation
The role of communication systems
• Challenges to overcome
• Next generation PPDR Telecommunications Systems
Conclusions
CCSR, 26 May 2015

3. Who we are
Software house established in 1989
Enterprise software for banking, telecoms, hospitality
130+ people
Vision
transform the costly and complex enterprise software
industry – making it simple, accessible and exciting
CCSR, 26 May 2015

4. Innovation at EXUS
Continuous improvement
4 Islands of Excellence
Provide new paths for product and business
development
Security
ICT
4
Health
Creativity
&
Learning
Data Technologies
CCSR, 26 May 2015

5. Security research
Co-funded projects by the European Commission
8 On-going projects
4 Successfully completed
A wide spectrum of civil security activities
CCSR, 26 May 2015

6. Innovation and the
European Civil Security Agenda
CCSR, 26 May 2015

7. Civil Security in Europe
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Highly fragmented market
 Mostly “market-push” approach led by large industry
and small players on national/local levels
 Lack of interoperability across countries and regions
 Difficult to coordinate at national/transnational levels
 Need to safeguard Europe against emerging
security threats
 Increase resilience of society and infrastructure

8. Long term foresight
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 PASR (2005-2006)
 ESRAB (key output 2007)
 ESRIF (key output 2009)
 EPCIP (key output 2009)
 ESRIA (in execution until 2020)
 FP7 Security Research Theme (~ 1bn Euros)
 H2020 Secure Societies (~3bn Euros)

9. ESRIF and ESRIA
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Managed by the EC and the 27 member states
 65 members from 32 countries
 Industry
 Public and private end-users
 Research organizations and universities
 NGOs and EU bodies
 Supported by more than 600 experts
 Largest initiative of its kind in Europe

10. CCSR, 26 May 2015

11. Focus areas - 1
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Securing people
 Civil preparedness
 Crisis management
 Explosives
 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear
 New technologies, new threats (e.g. cybersecurity)
 Border security

12. Focus areas - 2
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Identity management and security
 Security of critical infrastructure
 Securing natural resources
 Energy
 Transport
 Evidence and forensics
 Leverage advances in:
 ICT
 Space

13. Focus areas - 3
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Engage stakeholders
 Governance at EU level (standards)
 Coordinated approach (common rules/procedures)
 Protection of privacy of citizens
 Integration of security and societal dynamics
 Security-by-design approach
 Future-proof roadmap considering global drivers

14. Paramount societal value
Important cost driver
Goals:
> Enhance the security of citizens
> Safeguard Europe’s Cis and resources
Facts:
> Operations and procedures are data-centric
> “Need to know” Who, What, When, Where
> Public Protection and Disaster Relief
operations become data-intensive
> Diverse sources of information
CCSR, 26 May 2015

15. Trying to grasp what is going on
Common Operational Picture
Legacy Infrastructure
Datasets: monitoring systems,
CCTV, Hyper-spectral, Wireless
Sensors, Simulators
Adhoc Systems
Datasets: Satellite imagery,
positioning, UAVs, UGVs
Wearable/Portable
Datasets: First responder
operation, police forces,
medical crews
Crowd-sourced content
Datasets: Free text, pictures,
sounds, videos, location
Big
Data
VELOCITY
VARIETY
VOLUME
VERACITY
CCSR, 26 May 2015

16. Innovative Security Applications
CCSR, 26 May 2015

17. Critical Infrastructure Protection
(CIP)
CCSR, 26 May 2015

18. Critical Infrastructure Protection
Physical and information technology facilities,
networks, services and assets that if disrupted or
destroyed, would have a serious impact on the
health, safety, security or economic well-being of
citizens or the effective functioning of governments
in EU countries.
 Water
 Gas/Oil
 Banks
 Telecoms
 Transport
 Energy
CCSR, 26 May 2015

19. Where is the challenge?
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Type of Widezones Length in Kilometers (EU-27)
Gas Pipelines
 Transmission
 Distribution
250,942
1,779,116
Oil & Petroleum 36,275
Water 4,856,000
Highways (TEN-T) 85,000
Rail tracks (TEN-T) 20,000 (forecast by 2020)
Extensions of infrastructure that is critical for the
support of the citizens’ daily activities and their normal
operation impacts directly the security and safety of
civilians.

20. Current Shortcomings
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Shortcomings in a total security approach become
apparent when considering:
 Costs for the surveillance of large areas
 Complexity and diversity of the employed systems
 Systems’ efficiency, robustness and resilience
 Accuracy to timely detect illicit activity patterns
 Difficulty to coordinate surveillance and monitoring
activities at national and transnational levels
 Compliance with EU policies and societal values
with respect to privacy protection.

21. Highways, Gas/Water pipes and more
CCSR, 26 May 2015

22. Widezones protection
CCSR, 26 May 2015

23. Subsystems - 1
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Software defined
MIMO Radar
Optical Technology for
Illicit Activity and Early
Threat Detection
(iDAS)

24. CCSR, 26 May 2015
Subsystems - 2
Illicit Activity
Detection and Early
Identification of
Potential Threats
using Imaging
Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles
(Multi-rotor mini-
UAV)

25. CCSR, 26 May 2015
Subsystems - 3
intelligent Operations Centre - Common Operational
Picture - Adaptive User Interfaces

26. CCSR, 26 May 2015
How will this work?
Large Scale, Uniform and Secure Communications
 Wired Sensors: reliable, robust and appropriate in
surveillance scenarios
 Wireless Sensors: Different sensor networks
using Zigbee, Bluetooth, RF, 802.11
 Cellular and Satellite Networks for connecting
with system nodes over large distances
CCSR, 26 May 2015

27. Complex Response Operations
Management
CCSR, 26 May 2015

28. First Response
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Low activity periods followed by intense operations
governed by high uncertainty
 Efficient crisis management is extremely dependent
on accurate and timely information management
 Need for real-time data-centric technologies to
provide actionable information and communication
support to FRs
 Synchronization among FRs (police, rescue and/or
firefighters) and command and control centers
(C&C)

29. A real-time FR management platform
 Improvement of control and coordination, Synchronization between
field units and command and control centers
 Identification, prioritization & connection of different levels & disciplines
Civil Protection Forum
First Responder Unit
Smart jacket / Physio & Environmental sensors
Communication systems & applications
Positioning systems
Mobile EOC
Response coordination
Communication
interoperability
Field base of operations
Data fusion (replica)
GIS (replica)
Emergency
Operational Center
Response planning,
strategic view
Communications
Data fusion
GIS
Data bases
E-SPONDER portal
3 levels of operations
Strategic Tactical
Operational
CCSR, 26 May 2015

30. The MEOC
 Provincial Government Response
Coordination
 Municipal and National Support
 Communications Interoperability
BT, Wi-Fi, 3G/UMTS, WiMAX,
WSN, WPAN,VHF, UHF, Tetra,
Satellite
 In situ Base of Operations
Manage locally dispersed first
response resources
 Incident Monitoring and Reporting
CCSR, 26 May 2015

31. First Responder Unit
 Set of physiological & environmental sensors for real-
time FR safety monitoring
 Embedded in undergarment
 Adapted to the outer garment (jacket)
 “Wearable computer”
 Dedicated functionalities
 FR & FR chief
 Group communication
 Wi-Fi
 WiMAX
 3G/4G
 Precise positioning (GPS/LPS)
 Alerting & messages
 Emergency geolocalization

32. Example work
3 Large scale field trials took place in the framework
of FP-7 E-SPONDER
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo6WcUdgNPA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb13LXIwBaM
E:UoS_CCSR_26May2015
CCSR, 26 May 2015

33. Large-scale crowd evacuation
management
CCSR, 26 May 2015

34. Evacuation from confined spaces
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Enhance the effectiveness of complex evacuation
operations at any type of venue or infrastructure, e.g.
 Metro stations, Cruise ships, Football stadia
Airports etc.
 Dynamically adapt evacuation plan to the crisis current
conditions, while evacuation evolves.
 Support civil protection authorities
Identify, Designate and Sustain a dynamic
Active Evacuation Route (AER)
ultimately saving the lives of those being evacuated

35. Crowd behaviour monitoring
CCSR, 26 May 2015

36. Smart Spaces
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Active Exit Signage
Wire (less) Sensor
Networks
Mobile Phones
Security Cameras
Civilians/Crowd
Civilians +
Mobile Phone
First Responders
Stewards
Roaming of
Entities
Aggregation of
Smart Spaces
Social
Networks

37. First Response
CCSR, 26 May 2015
Envisaged Modules
Connectivity Interoperability Storage Security
Network
Monitoring
Data
Processing
Emergency Center
Communications

38. Inherent Complexity
CCSR, 26 May 2015

39. Next-generation evacuations
CCSR, 26 May 2015

40. The role of communication systems
in PPDR applications
CCSR, 26 May 2015

41. Identified communication needs - 1
5 distinct communication requirements:
 Voice
 Narrow Band Data (e.g. for messaging)
 Broad Band Data (e.g. images or large files)
 Video
 Use of repeater stations to extend coverage or
provide air-to-ground communication
CCSR, 26 May 2015

42. Identified communication needs - 2
Video and Image transmission identified as important in
various scenarios
 Surveillance
 Maintaining public order / safety at large events
 Assisting treatment of casualties
 Identification of suspects or vehicles
 Situational awareness (e.g. during rioting or high
speed pursuits)
CCSR, 26 May 2015

43. High level scenarios
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Between a Central Control Station and Field Personnel at an
Incident
 Between PPDR Vehicles and an Incident Location or Control
Station
 Between Individuals at an Incident
 Between Different PPDR Entities (e.g. Police, Fire, Ambulance,
Volunteers)
 Accessing External Data Sources (e.g. Internet)
 Communication in Enclosed Spaces (e.g. Tunnels Or
Basements)
 Communication With Remote Locations (e.g. Mountains or at
Sea)
 Communication with or between Machines (e.g. Remotely
Controlled Vehicles)

44. PPDR Telecomms
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 18 PPDR network
solutions have been
analysed according to:
Relevant players in the
development and adoption
Standards development
Technical details
Requirements
Strengths and weaknesses
for PPDR applications
Category Network solution
Current PPDR
technologies
TETRA Release 1
TETRA Release 2
TETRAPOL
Analogue PMR
Digital PMR
DMR
SATCOM
Public networks
CDMA2000
GSM
GPRS/EDGE
UMTS
HSPA/HSPA+
Candidate
technologies for
future PPDR
applications
LTE (public/dedicated)
Wi-Fi (public/dedicated)
WiMAX
MANETs
Transversal
communication
concepts
Software-Defined Radio
Cognitive Radio

45. Technology gaps
CCSR, 26 May 2015
PPDR-TC Network
Requirements
TETRA
Release 1
TETRA
Release 2
TETRAPOL
Analog.
PMR
Digital
PMR
DMR SATCOM CDMA 2000 GSM GPRS/EDGE UMTS
HSPA/
HSPA+
LTE Wi-Fi WiMAX MANETs
Users
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Coverage area
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Required network
topology
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Node connectivity
models
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Capacity in terms of type
of data and required
bandwidth
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Not
Compliant
Not
Compliant
Not
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Mobility requirements
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Interoperability
requirements
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Service availability,
reliability and resilience
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Performance
requirements
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Security
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Specific voice
communication
requirements
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Specific data
communication
requirements
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Partially
Compliant
Fully
Compliant
Fully
Compliant

46. Current EU PPDR Spectrum
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Only fully harmonised band is 380-400 MHz – only half of this is
available (2x5 MHz) and is used mainly by TETRA/TETRAPOL
 Some specific frequencies in this band set aside for DMO and A2G
 Many countries still have analog systems operating in a variety of
VHF and UHF bands (68 – 470 MHz)
 Some countries already have specific bands identified for
broadband PPDR (e.g. video links) – main bands are 2.3 GHz and
3.5 GHz but precise frequencies vary
 CEPT has attempted to harmonise spectrum around 5 GHz (4940-
4990 MHz and 5150-5250 MHz) for local area broadband PPDR,
but few countries have taken this up
 Existing international bands used for satellite and fixed links
(generally shared with other users)

47. PPDR Spectrum needs - 1
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Wide area voice and messaging, e.g. TETRA
 Wide area broadband, e.g. video
 Local area communication, including:
 Extending coverage of wide area networks
 Direct communication between terminals
 Ad-hoc local area networks
 Air to ground communications (A2G), e.g. helicopters
 Satellite communications, e.g. for remote areas and
disaster recovery
 Fixed links, e.g. network backhaul or temporary links

48. PPDR Spectrum needs - 2
CCSR, 26 May 2015
 Growing global consensus that additional spectrum is required for
BB PPDR (already implemented in some countries outside EU)
 Should comprise low frequency (<1 GHz) for WAN and higher (e.g.
4940-4990 MHz) for WLANs
 700 MHz strongly favoured for BB WAN – ECC PT49 has proposed
2x5 MHz dedicated band plus additional from adjacent mobile band
where needed
 Also need spectrum for specialist apps like DMO and A2G
 700 MHz centre gap / 2.3 GHz / 3.5 GHz?
 BB LANs should use existing allocations around 5 GHz
 Other potential bands of interest include
 3G unpaired bands (1900-1920/2010-2025 MHz)
 3G satellite bands (1980-2010/2170-2200 MHz)
 Will still need 400 MHz for narrow band for some time

49. PPDR-TC Final End Users Workshop
18th of June 2015, in London
 Venue: Academy of Medical Sciences at 41, Portland
Place, London W1B 1QH
 PPDR operational scenarios and communication
requirements
 Shortcomings of current PPDR communications and
how new technology can help
 Radio spectrum requirements for PPDR
communication services
 Modelling the economics of PPDR networks and
recommendations to stakeholders
CCSR, 26 May 2015

50. Dimitris Vassiliadis
dvas@exus.co.uk