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Cisco routers and switches use two configuration files. Where is the configuration file used at
device bootup stored?
A. RAM
B. ROM
C. Flash
D. NVRAM
Solution
D is correct. The startup configuration is used during the device bootup process and is stored in
NVRAM—a nonvolatile storage location retaining all information after power off.
A, B, and C are incorrect. A is incorrect because RAM is volatile and is used to store the running
configuration. B is incorrect because ROM holds a bootstrap program and the ROMMON basic
operating system. C is incorrect because flash memory holds a copy of the IOS.

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