Cerebral palsy is an abnormality of motor control and movement due to a non-progressive brain lesion that may occur before, during, or after birth. It is characterized by spasticity, dyskinesia, ataxia, and motor delay. Diagnosis involves examining a patient for hyperactive reflexes, abnormal movements, and abnormal infantile reflexes to determine the location of the lesion in the central nervous system. Treatment includes physiotherapy, orthopedic intervention, and management of associated issues like seizures and learning disabilities.