Case Study Jacob Student JacobAge 9.9Grade 4th.docx

Case Study: Jacob
Student: Jacob
Age: 9.9
Grade: 4th
Jacob is an active boy who enjoys coming to school and
participates in sports after school. Jacob does well in most
classes but has difficulty with new vocabulary words. This
difficulty with new vocabulary is not only seen during reading
class but also during content area classes such as science and
social studies. Jacob’s mother indicated that he has always had
difficulty understanding new vocabulary but that it has not
affected his comprehension until this year. Jacob is willing to
adopt new strategies that will assist him in learning and
remembering new vocabulary words as well as help him better
comprehend texts as a whole. With the support of his mother,
Jacob’s teacher wrote the following goal for Jacob:
Given a text with new vocabulary, Jacob will use context clues
and other strategies, such as consulting a dictionary, to help
determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Adapted from Paulsen, K. & The IRIS Center. (2004).
Comprehension and vocabulary: Grades 3-5.
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
WEEK 6 EXTRA
Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts &

Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical
Subjects
Use "Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts
& Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical
Subjects" to complete the assignment.
URL:
http://www.corestandards.org/assets/Appendix_B.pdf
IN CASE YOU NEED THIS I INCLUDED EFFECTIVE
STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING VOCABULARY AND
READING ROCKETS:
Effective Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary
Read “Effective Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary,” located
on the K12 Reader website (2018).
URL:
http://www.k12reader.com/effective-strategies-for-teaching-
vocabulary/
Read “Vocabulary,” located on the Reading Rockets website.
URL:
http://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/vocabulary

Featured Teaching Vocabulary Videos
Review 3-5 videos from “Featured Teaching Vocabulary
Videos,” located on the Reading Rockets website (2018).
URL:
http://www.readingrockets.org/atoz/1157/video
Vocabulary Strategies
Vocabulary Game
Story Excerpt Title
Vocabulary Words and Grade Level Appropriate Definitions
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Rules
Include the roles of the teacher and students
How to Expand Game to Higher-Level Thinking
Accommodation or Modification for ELL Students
Accommodation or Modification for Special Needs Students
Specify the needs
Rationale

© 2020. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Vocabulary Strategies
Vocabulary games are one way to promote engagement and
motivation for students while they practice their
standards‐based literacy skills. Vocabulary games require
purpose and thoughtful planning to be effective.
Choose a story excerpt from “Common Core State Standards for
English Language Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies,
Science, and Technical Subjects” and review “Case Scenario:
Jacob” to inform this assignment.
Part 1: Vocabulary Game
Create a small group vocabulary game aligned to one or more

research‐based strategies that meets Jacob's needs. Incorporate a
minimum of 10 vocabulary words from a story excerpt of your
choice within your game.
Use the "Vocabulary Strategies" template to address the aspects
of the game.
1. The story excerpt chosen and vocabulary words with grade
level appropriate definitions.
2. Rules of the game, to include the roles of both teacher and
students.
3. How to expand the game to include higher‐level thinking.
4. Two accommodations/modifications, one for English
Language Learners (ELLs) and one for a student with special
needs, specifying their needs.
Part 2: Rationale
In 250‐500 words, write a rationale to address the following:
1. How does the vocabulary game implement one or more
research‐based strategy to support students’ vocabulary
development?
2. How does the game help to engage and motivate the students?
3. How does the game help Jacob achieve his learning goal?
Support your findings with 2‐3 scholarly sources.
While APA format is not required for the body of this
assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in‐text
citations and references should be presented using APA
documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style
Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to
beginning the assignment to become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
Rubic_Print_FormatCourse CodeClass CodeAssignment
TitleTotal PointsELM-305ELM-305-O501Vocabulary
Strategies30.0CriteriaPercentageNo Submission

(0.00%)Insufficient (65.00%)Approaching (75.00%)Acceptable
(85.00%)Target (100.00%)CommentsPoints
EarnedCriteria100.0%Book and Vocabulary Words15.0%Not
addressed.The book chosen is ineffective or the vocabulary
words and their definitions are not grade level appropriate.The
book chosen meets basic student needs and the vocabulary
words and definitions are grade level appropriate.The book
chosen is used well and vocabulary words with grade level
appropriate definitions are suitable for students.The book
chosen is ideal for the given scenario. The vocabulary words
with grade level appropriate definitions reflect best practices
for students.Rules of the Game15.0%Not addressed.Rules
provided are unclear and may not adequately describe the roles
of both the teacher and students.Rules provided are broad but
include the basic roles of both the teacher and students.Rules
provided are logical and clearly include the roles of both the
teacher and students.Rules provided are comprehensive and
specifically include the roles of both the teacher and
students.Expanding the Game15.0%Not addressed.Plan for
expanding the game to include higher-order thinking is missing
or underdeveloped.Plan for expanding the game to include
higher-order thinking is plausible.Plan for expanding the game
to include higher-order thinking demonstrates detailed
consideration.Plan for expanding the game to include higher-
order thinking is creative and expertly
designed.Accommodations/ Modifications15.0%Not
addressed.Accommodations or modifications for ELLs and a
student with special needs are insufficiently detailed and may
be inappropriate for students.Accommodations or modifications
for ELLs and a student with special needs are conventional and
minimally detailed but should meet the needs of the identified
students.Accommodations or modifications for ELLs and a
student with special needs are proper and reasonable for the
student group.Accommodations or modifications for ELLs and a
student with special needs are innovative and demonstrate out-
of-the-box thinking.Rationale20.0%Not addressed.Rationale is

incomplete or inadequately describes how the design of the
vocabulary game implements research-based strategies to
support Jacob’s vocabulary development and foster engagement.
Strategy/activity is not aligned to presented research.Rationale
adequately describes how the design of the vocabulary game
implements research-based strategies to support Jacob’s
vocabulary development and foster engagement.
Strategy/activity is basically aligned to presented
research.Rationale makes relevant connections of how the
design of the vocabulary game implements research-based
strategies to support Jacob’s vocabulary development and foster
engagement. Strategy/activity is clearly aligned to presented
research.Rationale insightfully and thoroughly describes how
the design of the vocabulary game implements research-based
strategies to support Jacob’s vocabulary development and foster
engagement. Strategy/activity is professionally aligned to
presented research.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling,
punctuation, grammar, and language use)15.0%Not
addressed.Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede
communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or
sentence construction are used.Submission includes mechanical
errors, but they do not hinder comprehension. Effective
sentence structures are used, as well as some practice and
content-related language.Submission is largely free of
mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of
effective sentence structures and figures of speech are used, as
well as appropriate practice and content-related
language.Submission is virtually free of mechanical errors.
Word choice reflects well-developed use of practice and
content-related language. Sentence structures are varied and
engaging.Research Citations5.0%Not addressed.Reference page
includes errors and/or inconsistently used citations. Sources are
not credible.Reference page lists sources used in the paper.
Sources are appropriate and documented, although errors are
present.In-text citations have few errors. References used are
reliable and reference page lists all cited sources with few

errors.In-text citations and a reference page are complete and
correct. Sources are credible. The documentation of cited
sources is free of error.Total Weightage100%
Grand Canyon University
American Psychological Association [APA] Style Guide for
WritingIntroduction
Students of Grand Canyon University (GCU) are required to use
the guidelines provided by the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for preparing
written assignments, except where otherwise noted. GCU has
made APA templates and other resources available within the
Student Success Center; therefore, students are not required to
purchase the APA manual.
PLEASE NOTE:
The curriculum materials (Syllabus, Lectures/Readings,
Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or
Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format
that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some
formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of
instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that
GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and
should not be used as examples of correct APA format when
preparing written work for class.
APA Format and Style
General
Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by
reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to
integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use
APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc.
Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means,
avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and they. Do
not use contractions.Paper Format
1) Use standard-sized paper of 8.5″ x 11″.
2) Margins should be 1″ all around (top, bottom, left, right).
3) Use Times New Roman 12-point font.

4) For emphasis, use italics (not quotation marks, bold, etc.).
5) Double-space.
6) Align the text flush left. Organization
The basic organization of an APA-style paper includes the title
page, abstract, body, and reference section, though students are
encouraged to follow any specific directions given in their
Overview assignment.
Title Page
The title page includes four elements that should be centered in
the middle of the page: title, author byline, institutional
affiliation followed by the course prefix and number (e.g.,
Grand Canyon University: PSY 351), and date of submission.
Please note that even though APA does not require the date on a
title page, it is a requirement for GCU papers.
Being the first page, the title page is where to set up your page
header, which includes the running head and the page number.
The running head—an abbreviated title that is a maximum of 50
characters—should appear flush left in all uppercase letters in
the header on all pages. Page numbers should be in the header,
flush right.
To format your running head and page numbers in Microsoft
Word 2010, click InsertHeader Blank. In the header box that
shows up, type Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE.
After the title, tab over till the cursor is at the right margin,
highlight the space, and click InsertPage Number and select
Current PositionPlain Number.
Abstract
The abstract covers the main points of the paper and is not
always required in a GCU writing assignment. Read the
assignment instructions carefully to determine whether the
assignment requires an abstract or not.
1) Abstract is page 2 of the assignment.
2) The word Abstract should be centered at the top of the page.
3) As per GCU policy, the abstract should not exceed 120

words.
4) Do not indent the abstract paragraph.
Body
The body will contain all of the author's main points as well as
detailed and documented support for those ideas.
1) The body begins on its own page.
2) The title of the paper should be centered at the top of the
first page of the body, in initial caps.
3) The introduction follows the title, but is not labeled.
4) Use headings to separate sections of the paper, but none of
the sections should start their own page. The first level of
heading is centered and bolded with each word of four letters or
more capitalized (see template for an example). The second
level of heading (subheading) is flush left and bolded, with each
word of four letters or more capitalized. Note that not all papers
will have headings or subheadings in them. APA dictates that
you should avoid having only one subsection heading and
subsection within a section. In other words, use at least two
subheadings under a main heading, or do not use any at all.
References
The references page will contain a list of all sources actually
cited in the paper.
1) This should start its own page.
2) The word References, though not in italics, is centered at the
top of the page.
3) Include all, any, and only sources that were actually cited in
the paper.
4) Arrange the sources in alphabetical order using the authors'
last names.
Style, Punctuation, and Mechanics
Numbers
1) Use numerals for numbers 10 and above (12 of the subjects);
for numbers above and below 10 grouped for comparison (2 of

16 responses); for numbers representing times, dates,
measurements, and ages (2-year-olds, 2 hr 15 min); for statistics
and percentages (multiplied by 5, 5% of the sample); and for
numbers denoting a specific place in a series, book, or table
(Table 3, Group 3, page 32).
2) Spell out numbers below 10 that do not represent precise
measurements (eight items, nine pages); for numbers beginning
a sentence, title, or heading (Forty-eight people responded. Ten
subjects improved.); for common fractions (one fifth of the
class); and for approximations of numbers of days, months, and
years (about three months ago).
Acronyms
An acronym uses the first letter of each word in a name or title.
1) Acronyms must be spelled out completely on initial
appearance in text. The abbreviation or acronym should appear
in parentheses after that initial spelling out.
Example:
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) had a profound impact
on public education in the United States. The NCLB was an
initiative of President George W. Bush in 2002.
Spelling and Word Usage
Use Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary as a default for
spelling words. The dictionary can also be used as a resource
for hyphenation, capitalization, etc.
In-Text Punctuation
1) According to the American Psychological Association (APA),
one space after terminal punctuation is considered correct for
papers submitted for a grade.
2) Use ellipses when omitting material within a quote.
3) Place a comma after the penultimate word in a series. For
example: Your books, ball, and bat are under the bed.
4) If a compound word is not in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, use hyphens for clarity rather than omit them.

5) Hyphenate compound adjectives that precede the noun they
modify, except when the first word of the compound is an
adverb ending in -ly. For example: role-playing technique, two-
way analysis, middle-class families, widely used method
6) Do not hyphenate a compound adjective if its meaning is
established or it cannot be misread. For example: grade point
average, health care management
7) See page 98 of the APA Manual for further rules on
hyphenation.
Initial Capitalization
1) Capitalize all words of four or more letters in titles (books,
articles, etc.) used in text. This rule does not apply within the
References section, except for the titles of periodicals.
2) Capitalize proper nouns and names.In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used in the body of a paper to show which
sources a student used for particular material.
When you use material from a source, you need to document
that source by using a citation and reference note. All
quotations, paraphrases, and summaries must be referenced.
Using material from a source without citing that source is
considered plagiarism; please reference GCU's policy on
Plagiarism in the University Policy Handbook.
Citation Rules
1) In-text citations should note the author information, plus the
publication year.
2) For a work by one author, cite last name followed by year on
every reference. This citation can be placed at the end of the
sentence, or it can be incorporated into the grammatical
structure of the sentence.
Examples:
Researchers have concluded that food and comfortable setting
were more important than games available to most students
(Liu, 1999).
According to Liu (1999), researchers have concluded that food

and comfortable setting were more important than games
available to most students.
3) For a work by two authors, cite both last names followed by
year on every reference.
Examples:
(Walker & Allen, 2004)
According to Walker and Allen (2004)...
4) For a work by three to five authors, cite all last names
followed by year on first reference, and the first author's last
name followed by et al. and year upon subsequent references.
Examples:
(Bradley, Ramirez, Soo, & Walsh, 2006)
(Bradley et al., 2006)
5) For a work by six or more authors, cite last name of the first
author followed by et al. and the year on all references.
Examples:
(Wasserstein et al., 2005)
According to Wasserstein et al. (2005)…
6) If no author exists for the source, use the first few words of
the title.
Example:
Students were more concerned about having a place to socialize
with other students than about all-out competition ("Philosophy
and the Science," 2001).
7) When referencing the Bible, cite the book, chapter number,
and verse number(s) (starting and ending). The first time the
Bible is cited in the paper, also include the version used. This
system of citation for the Bible is sufficient and requires no
reference note for the Bible on the References page.
Examples:
· Citing the Bible, first reference: Use book, chapter, verse,
and version (Luke 2:16-20 King James Version).
· Citing the Bible, subsequent references: Use only book,
chapter, and verse (Luke 2:16-20).
8) If the material is a direct quote, the page or paragraph
number of the source should immediately follow.

Examples:
"Ethics examines moral values and the standards of ethical
behavior"
(Ornstein et al., 2008, p. 162).
Basu and Jones (2007) went so far as to suggest the need for a
new "intellectual framework in which to consider the nature and
form of regulation in cyberspace"
(para. 4).
9) Quotations with 40 or more words should be in block format.
a. Omit the encompassing quotation marks.
b. Start a block quote on a new line.
c. Indent the entire block 0.5 inches from the left margin (in the
same position as a new paragraph)
d. Additional paragraphs within a block quote should have the
first line indented an additional 0.5 inches.
e. The in-text citation for a block quote is placed outside the
final punctuation for the quote.
f. Double space.
Sample Paragraph With In-Text Citations
Liu and Berry (1999) conducted a survey of college campuses to
determine the best design for a student lounge. They concluded
that food and comfortable seating were more important than
games available to most students. Students were more
concerned about having a place to socialize with other students
than about all-out competition. In fact, they continue,
arcade games could be a turn-off for some students because they
did not want to compete with the noise to talk. These same
students said that they would prefer to have a place where they
could study and casually socialize at the same time, so seating,
lighting, and noise level were all crucial. (Liu & Berry, 1999, p.
14)
This study and others (Wendell, 1978; Hartford, Herriford, &
Hampshire, 2001; Johnson et al., 2004) confirm that while

having activities is important, students are more drawn to
comfortable multi-purpose environments.
In-Text Citation ExamplesBook Reference:
Ellis, D. (2006). Becoming a master student. Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin Company.With a direct quote:
Ellis (2006) notes that "creative thinking is more appropriate in
the early stages of planning and problem solving" (p. 223).
Without a direct quote:
It may be more appropriate to think creatively during earlier
planning and problem-solving stages (Ellis, 2006).
APA References
The reference list should appear at the end of a paper. It
provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and
retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each
source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list;
likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your
text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the
text of the essay; label this page References (with no quotation
marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. The
References page should be double-spaced just like the rest of
your essay.
1) All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference
list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This
is called hanging indentation.
2) Invert all authors' names; give surnames and initials for up to
and including seven authors (e.g., Author, A. A., Author B. B.,
Author, C. C.). When authors number eight or more, include the
first six authors' names, then insert three ellipses, and add the
last author's name.
Example:
Gilber, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C.,
Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects of
quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention. Nicotine and
Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267.

doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305
3) In reference notes for journal articles, include both the
volume and issue numbers if each issue of the journal is
paginated separately (i.e., beings with page 1). If the journal
paginates continuously throughout the volume, then use only the
volume number in the reference note.
4) Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name
of the first author of each work.
5) If you have more than one article by the same author, single-
author references or multiple-author references with the exact
same authors in the exact same order are listed in order by the
year of publication, starting with the earliest.
6) When referring to any work that is NOT a journal—such as a
book, article, or Web page title—capitalize only the first letter
of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a
colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize
the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound
word.
Reference Examples: Books, Reference Books, and Book
Chapters
Entire Book — Print Version
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Daresh, J. C. (2004). Beginning the assistant principalship: A
practical guide for new school administrators. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Corwin.
Electronic Version of a Print Book
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved
from http://www.xxxxx
Example:
Shotton, M.A. (1989). Computer addiction?A study of computer
dependency [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from

http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/index.asp
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. doi:xxxx
Example:
Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder
sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe
Digital Editions version]. doi:10.1036/0071393722
Electronic-Only Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved from
http://www.xxxxx
Example:
O'Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism and the crisis in Western values.
Retrieved from
http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135
Edited Book
Format:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Feldman, P. R. (Ed.). (1997). British women poets of the
romantic era. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
Chapter in a Book
Format (Print):
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry.
In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-
xxx). Location: Publisher.
Example (Print):
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of
subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The
science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). New York, NY:
Guilford Press.
Format (Online):

xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxx
Example (Online):
science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). Retrieved from
http://www.science.com/ Philosophy and the science.pdf
Format (Online with DOI):
xxx). doi:xxxxxxx
Example (Online with DOI):
science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43).
doi:10.1037/10762-000
Multiple Editions of a Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work (xx ed.). Location:
Publisher.
Example:
Parker, F., & Riley, K. (2004). Linguistics for non-linguists: A
primer with exercises (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Entry in an Online Reference Work — Byline Available
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Entry title. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of
reference work (xx ed.). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx
Example:
Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The
Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved
from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ behaviorism

Entry in an Online Reference Work — No Byline Available
Format:
Entry title. (Year). In Title of reference work (xx ed.).
Retrieved from http://www.xxxx
Example:
Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th
ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic
Entry in Reference Work — No Byline
Format:
Entry title. (Year). In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of reference work
(xx ed., Vol. xx, pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Example:
Heuristic. (2007). In J. Smith (Ed.), The book of words (7th ed.,
Vol 3, pp. 65-66). New York, NY: Jones and Lawrence.
Book Written and Published by Organization
Format:
Organization Name. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Example:
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication
manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC: Author.
Note that the organization is both the publisher and the author,
so the word "Author" is noted in place of the publisher's
name.The Holy Bible
The Bible does not need to be listed on the reference page, but
it does need to be cited in-text. (Refer to in-text citation
rule.)Reference Examples: Periodicals
Journal Article With DOI
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title,
Volume(Issue), xxx-xxx. doi:xxxxxx
Example:

Kalpič, B., & Bernus, P. (2006). Business process modeling
through the knowledge management perspective. Journal of
Knowledge Management, 10(3), 40-56.
doi:10.1108/13673270610670849
Journal Article Without DOI and Retrieved From Internet
Format:
Volume(Issue), xxx-xxx. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Example:
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence
and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love
and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-
48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Journal Article Without DOI and Retrieved From Print Version
Format:
Volume(Issue), xxx-xxx.
Example:
Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion
of Mexican immigration in the United States and its
implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement
Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82.Article in a Magazine —
Print
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Article title. Magazine Title,
Volume(Issue), xxx-xxx.
Example:
Mehta, P. B. (1998, June). Exploding myths. New Republic,
290(25), 17-19.
Article in a Magazine — Online
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Article title. Magazine Title,

Volume(Issue). Retrieved from http://www.homepage
Example:
Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight
back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology,
39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor
Article in a Newspaper — Print
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper
Title, pp. xx, xx.
Example:
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic,
social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Article in Newspaper — Online
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper
Title. Retrieved from http://www.homepage.com
Example:
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain
agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
Report from University or Government Organization, Corporate
Author
Format:
Organization name. (Year). Title of report (Publication No. xx).
Retrieved from http://www.xxxx
Example:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
(2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication
No. 02-2650). Retrieved from
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

Authored Report from Nongovernmental Organization
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of report (Research
Report No. xxx). Retrieved from Agency name website:
http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Kessy, S. S. A., & Urio, F. M. (2006). The contribution of
microfinance institutions to poverty reduction in Tanzania
(Research Report No. 06.3). Retrieved from Research on
Poverty Alleviation website:
http://www.repoa.or.tz/documents_storage/Publications/Reports
/06.3_Kessy_and_Urio.pdf
Web Pages
The basic format for referencing Web pages is as follows:
Format:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of work [format description].
Retrieved from http://URL.
Note: The format description in brackets is used when the
format is something out of the ordinary, such as a blog post or
lecture notes. For other examples of format descriptions, refer
to page 186 of the Publication Manual. If no date is given for
the work, use (n.d.).
Examples:
Author Known
Landis, B. (1996). Carlisle Indian Industrial School
history.Retrieved from http://home.epix.net/~landis/histry.html
Author Unknown
TCA Abu Dhabi launches new Global Destination campaign.
(2016, November 1). Retrieved from
http://www.uaeinteract.com/news/default3.asp?ID=20
Note: Use the article title or Web page title as the first element
of the citation if the author is unavailable.
When discussing an entire website (as opposed to a specific
page on the website), an entry does not appear in the reference

list, but is cited within text as shown in the following sample
sentence:
The International Council of Museums website provides many
links to museums, codes of ethics, and the museum profession
(http://www.icom.org/).
© 2014 Grand Canyon University 1 Last updated: August
6, 2019
© 2014 Grand Canyon University 16 Last updated: August
6, 2019

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