2. Inventions
1. The Telegraph
2. Bifocal Glasses
3. Guillotine
4. Vaccination
5. The Cotton Gin
6. The Hot Air Balloon
7. Invention fun facts
3. Inventors
1. Claude Chappe
2. Benjamin Franklin
3. Doctor Joseph Ignance Guillotin
4. Edward Jenner
5. Eli Whitney
6. Joseph and Jacques Montegolfier
7. Benjamin Banneker
4. The Telegraph
Invented: 1794
Inventor: Claude Chappe
How it works: The early telegraph was
a series of towers with a large beam
mechanism on the top. The beam had
a central beam that was suspended
in the air by a support beam. The
central beam had two beams off of it
that could be moved into different
positions. The central beam could
also be moved allowing 198
different possible positions. Each
tower had a telescope for viewing
the other towers.
5. Claude Chappe
Born: December 25,
1763
Died: January 23, 1805
Invented: Claude Chappe
invented the first
telegraph system. He
and his brothers were
parts of the church,
and when the French
Revolution started
they had to leave.
They decided to build
a machine known
today as the
telegraph. The
telegraph system
went from Lille,
France, to Paris,
6. Bifocal Glasses
Invented: 1760
Inventor: Benjamin Franklin
How it works: The bifocal glasses use a convex and a concave
lens. It allows the wearer to use only one pair of glasses to
see far (looking up) and close (looking down). That way
they didn’t have to change glasses when they wanted to
7. Benjamin Franklin
Born: January 17, 1706
Died: April 17, 1790
Invented: Benjamin Franklin had
trouble seeing near and far. To
save him time he took a convex
and a concave lens and stuck
them together. The result was
the bifocal glasses. Benjamin
also invented many other
things, however only the
bifocal glasses will be
8. The Guillotine
Invented: 1792
Inventor: Doctor Joseph Ignance
Guillotin
How it works: The victim is tied or
strapped down and his/her head
it placed in a hole under the
blade, which is sharpened at a
45 degree angle. The blade is
then dropped by releasing a
stopper by pulling a rope. The
blade falls and chops off the
head of the victim.
9. Doctor Joseph Ignance
Guillotin
Born: May 28, 1738
Died: March 26, 1814
Invented: Doctor Guillotin
invented the Guillotine in hopes
of making the death penalty
more humane, and eventually
abolishing it. When Louis XVI
banned the breaking wheel, Dr.
Guillotin seized the opportunity
for his invention.
10. Vaccinati
onsInvented: 1796
Inventor: Edward Jenner
How it worked*: Edward
Jenner used the disease
known as cowpox to cure
smallpox. Giving a person
cowpox made them immune
to smallpox. Over time
vaccinations changed and
today we don’t need to get a
disease to resist another
disease .
*Vaccinations today are
11. Edward Jenner
Born: May 17, 1749
Died: Jan 23, 1805
Invented: Edward Jenner
figured out that a farmer
that got cowpox was
immune to smallpox. He
tried an experiment by
giving a boy cowpox, which
is relatively harmless. After
his recovery he gave the boy
smallpox. To his success, he
was immune. After many
tests he posted his findings
to the world, and soon
100,000 people had become
vaccinated.
12. The Cotton Gin
Invented: 1793
Inventor: Eli Whitney
How it works: Cotton must
have the seeds separated
from the cotton itself. Until
the cotton gin this was
done by hand. The cotton
gin has a thin wire screen
and small wire hooks that
pull cotton through the
screen without pulling the
seeds.
13. Eli Whitney
Born: December 8, 1765
Died: January 8, 1825
Invented: After graduating from
Yale, Eli Whitney moved to
Georgia. There he became a
private tutor. After
discovering how hard cotton
was to produce, he invented
the cotton gin, which allowed
the cotton production to go
much faster.
14. The Hot Air Balloon
Invented: 1783
Inventor: Joseph and Jaques
Montegolfier
How it works: The air inside
the balloon is heated and
the balloon rises because
hot air is lighter than cold
air. The early balloons did
not have a basket. Instead
it had a walkway around
the bottom of the balloon
which could be stood on.
Also the first balloons did
not have a portable
burner, however much
heat they got before take-
15. Joseph & Jacques
Montegolfier
Born: Joseph- August 26, 1740; Jaques- January 6, 1745
Died: Joseph- June 26, 1810; Jaques- August 2, 1799
Invented: Owning a paper factory, they discovered a shirt filled with
air over a fire. They threw paper scraps into the fire and later found
them floating out the chimney. They concluded smoke made things
rise. They built the first hot air balloon made of fabric and paper,
lined with alum, and flew it. It raised 2 meters above the ground and
traveled two kilometers. They perfected the design and later it flew
16. Benjamin Banneker
Born: November 9, 1731
Died: October 9, 1806
Invented: Benjamin
Banneker didn’t actually
invent anything.
However he was a clock
maker. Benjamin was
the first person in North
America to successfully
build a clock. Not only
was he the first person,
but he was the first
African American to
build it, which was a big
17. Invention Fun Facts
• It is said that after a person’s head is off after the guillotine,
it is still alive for a few seconds
• Rather than using a needle, Jenner rubbed the puss of a
cowpox blister on the boy to get him infected
• One of the first flights of the hot air balloon was manned by
a sheep, a chicken, and a duck
• Louis XVI wanted the hot air balloon to be manned by a
criminal on one of its first flights
• Bifocals were invented because Ben Franklin got annoyed at
his glasses
• The guillotine got an “e” at the end of it because a French
poet thought it rhymed better
18. Bibliography
APS Physics | APS Home. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200611/images/balloon.jpg>.
Gave picture of hot air balloon.
Askeland » home. 19 Mar. 2009 <https://askeland.wikispaces.com/file/view/cotton_gin.gif>.
Gave picture of cotton gin.
Askeland » home. 19 Mar. 2009 <https://askeland.wikispaces.com/file/view/eli_whitney.jpg>.
Gave picture of Eli Whitney.
"Benjamin Banneker." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker>.
Gave info on Mr. Banneker.
"Benjamin Franklin and His Inventions." Resources for Science Learning. The Franklin Institute. 19 Mar. 2009
<http://sln.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/inventor.html>.
Gave info on bifocals.
"Benjamin Franklin FAQ." Resources for Science Learning. The Franklin Institute. 17 Mar. 2009
<http://www.fi.edu/franklin/birthday/faq.html#01>.
Gave great info on Ben Franklin.
"Claude Chappe." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe>.
Gave info on Claude Chappe.
"The Cotton Gin | The Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop." 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/museum/eli-whitney/cotton-gin>.
Gave info on Eli and the cotton gin.
"Cotton gin." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin>.
Gave info on cotton gin.
Edinformatics -- Education for the Information Age. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.edinformatics.com/inventions_inventors/180px-DrGuillotin.jpg>.
Gave picture of Dr. Guillotin.
"Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccination." University of South Carolina. 19 Mar. 2009
<http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/nathist/jenner.html>.
Gave info on Edward Jenner.
19. Bibliography page 2
"Edward Jenner." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner>.
Gave info on Edward Jenner.
"Eli Whitney, Jr." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Whitney>.
Gave info on Eli and the cotton gin.
"First Manned Flight." Oracal ThinkQuest Library. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/28629/page26.html>.
Gave info on hot air balloon.
Free Christian Skits at www.ChristianSkitScripts.com. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.christianskitscripts.com/hypophoto.jpg>.
Gave picture of needle.
Garden of Praise. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.gardenofpraise.com/images/bifocal.jpg>.
Gave picture of bifocals.
"Guillotine pictures." The Guillotine Headquarters. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.guillotine.dk/Pages/Gallery.html>.
Gave pictures of guillotine.
"Guillotine." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine>.
Gave info on Guillotine.
Gymnasium und FMS Münchenstein. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.gymmuenchenstein.ch/stalder/klassen/hie/rev_ch/flight-Dateien/image002.jpg>.
Gave picture of Montegolfier brothers.
Harrison, Ian. The Book of Inventions: How'd they come up with that? 2004.
Gave base info on most inventions.
"The History of Hot Air Balloons." Hot Air Ballooning Pictures, History and Information from eBalloon.org. 19 Mar. 2009
<http://www.eballoon.org/history/history-of-ballooning.html>.
Gave info on hot air balloon.
"History of the hot-airballoon." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/28629/page22.html>.
Gave info on hot air balloon.
20. Bibliography page 3
"The History of the Telegraph - Samuel Morse." Inventors. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm>.
Gave info on telegraph.
"Hot air balloon." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_balloon>.
Gave info on the hot air balloon.
"Imagining the Internet." Elon University. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/150/1830.xhtml#development>.
Gave info on telegraph.
"Invention of the Vaccination Needle." Inventors. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvaccination.htm>.
Gave info on vaccionation.
Jenner, Edward. Vaccination Against SmallPox. Amhorst: Prometheus Books, 1996.
Gave info on vaccination.
"Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier." 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Montgolfier/DI35.htm>.
Gave info on the Montegolfier brothers and the hot air balloon.
"Joseph Ignace Guillotin ()." Www.whonamedit.com. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2275.html>.
Gave great info on Dr. Guillotin.
MEMO - Le site de l'Histoire. Voyages historiques et culturels. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.memo.fr/Media/Chappe.jpg>.
PIcture of Claude Chappe.
"Napoleon's Secret Weapon." 19 Mar. 2009 <http://bnrg.eecs.berkeley.edu/~randy/Courses/CS39C.S97/optical/optical.html>.
Gave info on telegraph.
"Off With Their Heads - History of the Guillotine." Inventors. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/Guillotine.htm>.
Gave info on Guillotine.
19 Mar. 2009 <http://bnrg.eecs.berkeley.edu/~randy/Courses/CS39C.S97/gifs/optical.gif>.
Picture of telegraph.
OpenLearn - The Open University. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2642/S320_1_001i.jpg>.
Gave picture of Edward Jenner.
Rosenblumtv. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://rosenblumtv.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/benjamin-franklin.jpg>.
Gave picture of Benjamin Franklin.
Those inventive Americans. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1971.
Gave base info on most inventions.
The Worlds of David Darling. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.daviddarling.info/images/Banneker.jpg>.
Gave picture of Mr. Banneker.
21. Thank you!
Thank you for watching our
presentation. We hope you
learned more about inventions
in the late 1700’s than you
knew before. Have a nice day!
