On anatomy atlases org or in your text study the process of spermatog.pdf

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On anatomy atlases org or in your text study the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis spermatozoa primary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte spermatids immature sperm Solution The process of production of spermatogenesis cells is known as spermatogenesis. The first stage of spermatogenesis is the mitotic division of the diploid spermatogonium ( spermatogonium are the undifferentiated cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes) to produce two diploid primary spermatocyte. The next stage is the production of two haploid secondaryspermatocyte as result of meiosis I of the primary spermatocyte. The haploid secondary spermatocytes then undergo meiosis II for the production of four haploid spermatids. The spermatids development into mature spermatozoa which is also referred to as sperm cells. Before reaching the epididymus ( the convoluted tube behind the testis), the sperm cells are the immature sperms. Once they reach epididymus, the sperm cells gain motility..

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The organs of the male reproductive system include the testes, a system of ducts (including the epididymis, ductus deferens,ejaculatory ducts, and urethra). accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands), several supporting structures, including the scrotum and the penis. The testes (male gonads) produce sperm and secrete hormones. The duct system transports and stores sperm, assists in their maturation, and conveys them to the exterior. Semen contains sperm plus the secretions provided by the accessory sex glands. The supporting structures have various functions. The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract and the scrotum supports the testes.

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Step 1 trace the development of the male gamete Procedure 1 Time to Trace In this exercise, you will trace the male and female gametes from their production in the gonads to the point at which they meet in the uterine tube, where fertilization takes place. Step 1: Male Gamete Trace the male gamete from its earliest stage--the spermatogonium in the seminiferous tubule--through the stages of spermatogenesis to a mature sperm, and then through the male reproductive tract until it exits the body and enters the uterine tube of the female reproductive tract. Trace the pathway using Figure 16.14, and also fill in the space below. Start: spermatogonium FIGURE 16.14 Male reproductive tract End: Uterine tube 16 Reproductive systems I UNIT 16 I 419 Solution 1: The germ cells of seminiferous tubules present near the capsule serve as spermatogonia which divide and produce more cells by mitosis. Some of these new cells serve as primary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis; meiosis I produces two secondary spermatocytes (n) which is followed by meiosis II that produces four spermatids. The spermatids enter the epidydimis where they are stored and capacitated. Vas deferens serves to transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation. Urethra serves to ejaculalte the semen during intercourse (prostetic urethra--> membranous urethra-->penial urethra--> external urethral meatus) 2: During foetal development, few germinal cells in ovary differentiate and divide mitotically to produce oogonia which in turn divide to produce diploid primary oocyte. In follicular prenatal phase, the primary oocytes start first meiotic division but are transitionally suspended into prophase stage of meiosis I. After puberty, primary oocyte resumes the division and completion of first meiotic division produce one secondary oocyte and one polar body. The secondary oocyte is released from ovary to fallopian tube where it fuses with sperm and completes the meiosis II. If fertilization does not occur, the degeneration of corpus luteum cause menstruation and the secondary oocyte is expelled out through vag alog with endometrium of uterus. (ovary--> fallopian tube-->uterus--> vag)..

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Insects possess specialized reproductive organs that are integral to their reproductive processes. Here is a detailed description of the main reproductive organs in both male and female insects: Male Reproductive Organs: 1. Testes: - Location: Typically located in the abdomen. - Function:Testes are responsible for producing sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis. 2. Vas Deferens: - Structure:A duct that connects the testes to other reproductive structures. - Function: It serves as a conduit for transporting mature sperm from the testes to other parts of the reproductive system. 3. Seminal Vesicle: - Location:Found near the junction of the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct. - Function: It acts as a storage organ for sperm, and in some species, it may contribute additional substances to the ejaculate. 4. Accessory Glands: - Types:Depending on the insect species, accessory glands may vary in number and function. - Function:These glands produce substances that mix with sperm to form the ejaculate. The components of the ejaculate can vary, ranging from nourishing substances for sperm to chemicals that influence female receptivity. 5. Genitalia: - Variety:Male genitalia exhibit considerable diversity among insect species. - Function:Genitalia are structures used during copulation to transfer sperm to the female. This can involve specialized appendages, claspers, or other structures that facilitate the mating process. Female Reproductive Organs: 1. Ovaries: - Location:Typically located in the abdomen. -Structure: Ovaries consist of clusters of egg tubes called ovarioles. -Function: Ovaries are responsible for producing eggs through oogenesis. 2. Oviduct: - Structure:A duct connected to the ovaries. - Function: It serves as a conduit for transporting mature eggs from the ovaries to other reproductive structures. 3. Spermatheca: - Location:Often found near the junction of the oviduct and vagina. - Function: The spermatheca is a storage organ for sperm received during copulation. It allows females to fertilize eggs over an extended period. 4. Accessory Glands: - Types:Similar to males, females may have accessory glands. - Function:These glands produce substances that contribute to the composition of the eggs or provide nourishment for developing embryos. 5. Vagina: - Function:The vagina is the final part of the female reproductive tract and plays a role in receiving and storing sperm during copulation. The reproductive system of insects is a fascinating and intricate biological mechanism crucial for the continuation of their species. Insects, being a highly diverse group, exhibit variations in their reproductive strategies, but certain common features characterize their reproductive anatomy. the insect reproductive system consists of both male and female organs. In males, the primary reproductive organs are the testes, responsible for producing sperm cells.

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