The hardness of bone is primarily due to a combination of collagen an.pdf

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The hardness of bone is primarily due to a combination of collagen and crystallized salts. The salts include small amounts of sulfate, fluoride, and magnesium hydroxide; medium amounts of calcium carbonate, and large amounts of: Solution Bone contains large amounts of hydroxyapatite, which gives strength to the bone and responsible for its hard nature.Its chemical compoistion is Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Usuallay bones conatins high amounts of mineral salts of calcium, phosphorous and magnesium..

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What is the evolutionary advantage of an exoskeleton? A. it waterproofs the body. B. it protects the body c. it provides for muscle attachment D. it allows an animal to molt. E. A, B, and C only. Why is the term cold-blooded not very appropriate to describe reptiles? A. the metabolism of the reptiles can generate internal heat by radiation to the environment B. the keratinized skin of the reptiles serves to insulate and conserve heat. C. the scales of reptiles serves to rid excess body heat by radiation to the t environment. D. reptiles regulate body temperature by using various mechanisms such as behavioral adaptations. E. Reptiles swallow large prey whole to provide enough food to generate body heat. The ________ is a flagellated cell that sweeps water through the sponge\'s body. A. spicule B. amoebocyte. C. choanocyte D. spongin. E. sessile body. Protonepheridia are excretory organs found in A. earthworms B. insects C. jellyfish. D. vertebrates. E. none of the above The feeding habits of lampreys are best described as A. suspension feeding. B. predatory C. parasitic. D. Scavenging. E. all of the above. Which of the following is NOT a chordate characteristic? A. the presence of pharyngeal gills. B. postanal tail. C. ventral hollow nerve chord. D. notochord E. all of the above are characteristic of chordates. Solution Answer: 37) E Exoskeleton is outermost protective covering of the body in organisms such as arthropods, it is hard and tough. 38) D Reptiles are cold-blood animals due to regulation of the body temperature. But for there survival the adaptation takes place in these animals. 39) C Choanocyte are the cells that sweeps water through sponge body. 40) E. None of the above. Protonepheridia is an excretory organs present in the flat worms 41) c feeding habit is parasitic 42)E All the given characters of the chordates.

What is the evolutionary advantage of an exoskeleton A. it waterpro.pdf

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What is the probability that 5 out of 7 offspring in a monohybrid F2 generation will show the dominant phenotype? Solution Answer: In F2 generation dominant phenotype will be 3/4 and recessive phenotype will be 1/4 5 out of 7 offspring of dominant phenotype = A_B_C_D_E_ffgg= 3/4* 3/4* 3/4* 3/4* 3/4* 1/4 * 1/4 = 243/ 16384 The probability that 5 out of 7 offspring in a monohybrid F2 generation will show the dominant phenotype= 243/16384.

What is the probability that 5 out of 7 offspring in a monohybrid F2.pdf

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What are the characteristics of life? Solution Answer: Chatacteristics of life: (1) Growth: All living organisms grow, but it is not the defining feature of organisms. It is because non living things, such as a sand dune can grow over time due to accumulation of more sand particles on it. Growth in living organisms are intrinsic (from inside) while those of non living things are extrinsic (from outside). More specifically, intrinsic growth is the defining feature of an organism. In unicellular organisms, growth and reproduction are synonymous. (2) Metabolism: All living organisms metabolise, that is they undergo varieties of biochemical reactions in the body, both to synthesize and degrade macromolecules. The sum total of the catabolic and anabolic processes in the body is called metabolism. It is the defining feature of living organisms. (3) Cellular organisation: All living organisms have cellular architecture, be it a multicelluar organism like humans or unicellular like a bacterium. The cell contains DNA which carries all the necessary informations to make the proteins required for carrying out biological functions. It is also a defining feature of living beings. (4) Reproduction: Living organisms are characterized by the ability to reproduce. But, it is not a defining feature of living organisms. For example, infertile couples, worker bees and mules cannot reproduce but are living. (5) Conciousness: This is another defining feature of living things. Conciousness is the ability of an organism to respond to changes in its environment, more specifically to external stimuli. Human beings are the only organisms to have self conciousness. (6) Energy: Living things take energy for their growth and functions. (7) Homeostasis: It is the process of maintaining a constant balance in the internal environment of the body and plays a crucial role in sustaining life..

What are the characteristics of lifeSolutionAnswerChatac.pdf

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What all does the SHOW statement do in MySQL? Solution As the command term itself is SHOW says its used to show data , like show information about tables, database ,columns or status information about commands. There are many version to it : SHOW: 1) BINARY LOGS 2) BINLOG EVENTS 3) CHARACTER SET 4) COLLATION 5) COLUMNS 6) CREATE DATABASE 7) CREATE EVENTS 8) CREATE FUNCTION 9) CREATE PROCEDURE 10) CREATE TABLE 11) CREATE VIEW 12) DATABASE 13) ENGINE 14) TABLES 15) TRIGGERS 16) VARIABLES 17) WARNINGS 18) STATUS 19) EVENTS 20) ERRORS.

What all does the SHOW statement do in MySQLSolutionAs the co.pdf

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Using MATLAB (code must be written for MATLAB) and the concept of Hough Transformations. Create an image containing 4 distinct points, 3 of which are collinear, the 4th not collinear. Plan how to attack this problem, looking specifically for the line with the most collinear points. Write code to find the line formed by the 3 points. Thank you for any help you are able to provide. Solution The Hough transform is powerful method to detect the edges in the computer visison developed by Paul Hough in 1962, in order to solve this problem we need to create a GUI for the same. We need to first create an image or upload an image to the system and then detect all the possible edges in the system and then use cvhough and cvunhough functions which i have defined below in this project Matlab Code for CVImageGet function P = CVImageGet [P,W] = get_image_file( \'*.bmp,*.gif,*.jpeq\', \'choose the file format\'); if W==0 I=[ ];// there is no image input to the system else WP=[W,P]; ext=WP(findstr(WP,\'.\')+1:end); if strcmp(ext,\'pgm\') I = readpgm(WP); else %matlab image types [Im,MAP]=imread(PF); I = ind2gray(Im,MAP); end I = I/max(I(:)); end function CV Edge function edgedata = CVEdge(I,M,T,A); if M>2 error( \'M should be 1(subpixel) or 2(edge)\' ); elseif M==1 %SUBPIXEL edgedata=[]; for rownr = 1:size(I,1); row = I(rownr,:); edgeposfine=rowedges(row,A,T); 26 edgedata=[edgedata [edgeposfine;rownr*ones(size(edgeposfine))]]; end ; elseif M==2 %EDGE switch A case 1, meth= \'sobel\' ; case 2, meth= \'prewitt\' ; case 3, meth= \'roberts\' ; case 4, meth= \'log\' ; case 5, meth= \'zerocross\' ; case 6, meth= \'canny\' ; otherwise , error( \'edge method values only 1 through 6\' ); end E=edge(I,meth,T); [r,c]=find(E); edgedata=[c\';r\']; end Function CVhough function [H,m,b] = CVhough(edgedata,nT,nS) MAXDIST=1.2; if nargin<1 error( \'require at least one input argument: binary image\' ) elseif nargin<2 warning( \'defualt value of 200 assigned to number of orientations nT\' ) nT=200; warning([ \'defualt value of\' , max(edgedata(:))*MAXDIST, \'assigned to number of orientations nS\' ]) nS=max(edgedata(:))*MAXDIST; elseif nargin<3 warning([ \'defualt value of\' , max(edgedata(:))*MAXDIST, \'assigned to number of orientations nS\' ]) nS=max(edgedata(:))*MAXDIST; end row=edgedata(2,:)\'; col=edgedata(1,:)\'; %defining the range of the orientations of line Ts=[0:pi/nT:pi-pi/nT]\'; 27 %cos and sin of all the angles CsT=cos(Ts); SnT=sin(Ts); %solving for distances for all orientations at all nonzero pixels %size of S is: [length(row) , length(Ts)] S=row*CsT\' + col*SnT\'; %mapping: % Smin = min(S(:))--> 1 % Smax = max(S(:))--> nS %gives (y=mx+b): % m=(nS-1)/(Smax-Smin) % b=(Smax-nS*Smin)/(Smax-Smin) %and then round it and get rounded mapped S:rmS Smin=min(S(:)); Smax=max(S(:)); m =(nS-1)/(Smax-Smin); b =(Smax-nS*Smin)/(Smax-Smin); rmS=round(m*S + b); %Note: H is [nT,nS] % rmS is [nP,nT] nP:number of edge points H=[]; hw=waitbar(0, \'Performing Hough Transform...\' ); .

Using MATLAB (code must be written for MATLAB) and the concept of Ho.pdf

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three fossils are found in undisturbed layers of rock, or strata. Fossil A is closest to the earth surface. Given this limited data, what assumptions can you make about these fossils? Solution Ans. A fossil forms when a mud/sand/clay is deposited over a deceased organism overtime. In due course, more and more soil particles are deposited over the previous one, forming layers or strata. So, the recent (newest one) layer of soil remains at the top towards the earth surface, while the oldest layer (in which organism buried) lies at the bottom (farthest deep from earth surface). As a result, the dead organism faces gradually increasing high pressure due to deposition of additional strata. The soft parts decay first, the hard parts (say, bones) being impressed in the highly-compressed soil- thus forming fossils. With the limited information, it can be concluded that fossil A is the newest one (dies most recently) because it is present in the a strata closet to Earth surface..

three fossils are found in undisturbed layers of rock, or strata. Fo.pdf

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Use the rank correlation coefficient to test for a correlation between the two variables. Use a significance level of Two judges ranked seven bands in a finals competition of marching bands? (Coppell, Keller,? Grapevine, Dickinson,? Poteet, Fossil? Ridge, Heritage), and their rankings are listed below. Test for a correlation between the two judges. Do the judges appear to rank about the same or are they very? different? Solution.

Use the rank correlation coefficient to test for a correlation betwe.pdf

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Think about what you now know about project delivery systems. Are th.pdf

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The brain stem is the link between what two parts? What two structures are part of the upper brain stem? Give the function of each part. What is the limbic system? What three structures are part of the lower brain stem? Give the function of each. Solution 1. The brain stem is the link between the brain and the spinal cord. 2.The upper brain part consists the mid brain and the pons. Functions of mid brain: Also called as the mesencephalon serves as a relay center for visual, auditory and motor information. It regulates the autonomic functions like digestion,heart rate and the respiratory rate. Pons It is the major structure of the upper brain and regulates two important functions. It controls the breathing rate and is also involved in the transmission of the signals to and from other parts of the brain like the cerebrum and the cerebellum.It is involved in the reguation of deep sleep and also sensations like hearing, taste and balance. 3.Limbic system refers to a complex system of nerves and networks in the brain located on both the sides of the thalamus immediately beneath the cerebrum and is concerned with the control of emotions and other related functions related to our instincts and memories..

The brain stem is the link between what two parts What two structur.pdf

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SQL(workbench): Write a script that contains the CREATE TABLE statements needed to implement the following design: (I\'ve seen others on Chegg, but they don\'t work) Solution create database EX CREATE TABLE members(member_id int NOT NULL, first_name varchar(60), last_name varchar(60), Address varchar(100), City varchar(40), City varchar(20), PRIMARY KEY (member_id)) CREATE TABLE groups(group_id int NOT NULL, group_name varchar(60), PRIMARY KEY (group_id)) CREATE TABLE members_groups( member_id int, group_id int, FOREIGN KEY (member_id) REFERENCES members(member_id), FOREIGN KEY (group_id) REFERENCES groups(group_id)) TO DROP TABLES ----- DROP TABLE table_name.

SQL(workbench) Write a script that contains the CREATE TABLE statem.pdf

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Since 1942, Ernst Mayr defined \'species\' as populations that can reproduce with one another but not with other populations One problem with this definition is that it applies only to mammals, beds and raffles it does not apply to 90% of all Irving organisms The phylogenetic species concept is based on sexual reproduction descent from common ancestors The author of the article Can Zimmer, argues that the problem of defining microbial species is arbitrary and irrelevant important for public health The author Zimmer points out that there are only two valid definitions of species at least 26 current concepts of species For the sake of convenience, Darwin defined the term species as based on mutual fertility resemblance among individuals genetic mutations Solution 1 . Ootion A Ernst mayr\'s concept of species applies to only those organisms that can sexually reproduce. He did not mention or involve other organisms such as prokaryotes, plants, fungi , bacteria who undergo asexual reproduction. His idea of species was limited to birds, mammals and reptiles ..

Since 1942, Ernst Mayr defined species as populations that can re.pdf

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Question Help More Info The beginning inventory numbers are as follows: (Click the icon to view beginning inventory numbers.) Before the disaster recovery specialists clean the buildings, Marissa Calbert, the company controller, is anxious to salvage whatever records she can to support an insurance claim for the destroyed inventory. She is standing in what is left of the Accounting Department wih Tony Martinez, the cost accountant. Requirement Determine the ending inventories of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. Assume that Raw Materials Inventory contains only direct materials. I didn\'t know mud could smell so bad,\" Tony says. \"What should I be looking for? Don\'t worry about beginning inventory numbers,\" responds Marissa. \"We\'ll get them from last year\'s annual report. We need first-quarter cost data. Data Table \"I was working on the first-quarter results just before the storm hit,\" Tony says. \"Look, my report\'s still in my desk drawer. But acan make out is that for the first quarter, material purchases were $537,000 and that direct labor, manufacturing overhead (other than indirect materials), and total manufacturing costs to account for were $523,000; $190,000; and $1,504,000, respectively. Wait, and cost of goods available for sale was $1,570,000.\" Raw materials, $103,000 .Work in process, $214,000 Finished goods, $224,000 Great,\" says Marissa. \"I remember that sales for the period were approximately $1.6 million. Given our gross profit of 15%, that\'s all you should need.\" Tony is not sure about that, but decides to see what he can do with this information. He remembers several schedules he learned in college that may help him get started. PrintDone Print Done Solution.

Question Help More Info The beginning inventory numbers are as follow.pdf

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please answer to all of the questions and write neatly. Other exercises: 1], but that there can be other ways of writing down representatives of the congruence classes, Here are some more examples of (a) Show that z/sz {I-2, (-11, 10, 11, 12) and z/6z f -2l, l-1l, lol (1), (2,13l). (b) Show that (with some terrible notation) Ln/2l 1] where, lrJ means the \"floor\" of r, i the biggest integer m that is S r. .e. 3s), but s not equal to (d) Show that Z/7z (e) Show that there is no a E z such that z/4z {I01 Ullao), lail, la l Solution So for Z/5Z = {-[5-1]/2, -[5/2]+1,-[5/2]+2, -[5/2]+3,[5/2] } ={-2,-1,0,1,2} Z/6Z = {-[6-1]/2, -[6/2]+1,-[6/2]+2, -[6/2]+3,-[6/2]+4,-[6/2]+5,[6/2] } ={-2,-1,0,1,2,3} Now 20 % 5 = 1 21 % 5 = 2 22 % 5 = 4 23 % 5 = 3 24 % 5 = 1 25 % 5 = 2 As we can see repetition occurs. Therefore it is cyclic. Now 30 % 5 = 1 31 % 5 = 3 32 % 5 = 4 33 % 5 = 2 34 % 5 = 1 35 % 5 = 3 As we can see repetition occurs. Therefore it is cyclic. 0 % 7 = 0 30 % 7 = 1 31 % 7 = 3 32 % 7 = 2 33 % 7 = 6 34 % 7 = 4 35 % 7 = 5 36 % 7 = 1 37 % 7 = 3 As repetition get started. Therefore Z7 is cyclic for power of three. 20 % 7 = 1 21 % 7 = 2 22 % 7 = 4 23 % 7 = 1 24 % 7 = 2 25 % 7 = 4 26 % 7 = 1 From above we can say that Z/7Z is not {[0]} union {[20][21][22] [23] [24][25]} a0 % 4 = 1 a1 % 4 = 2 a2 % 4 = 0 a3 % 4 = 2 a4 % 4 = 0 From this we can say Z/4Z is not equal to {[0]} union {[a0][a1][a2] } Let say Let ‘a’ is odd no. so it can give only reminder 1 or 3 not 2 That is why we can say Z/4Z is not equal to {[0]} union {[a0][a1][a2] }.

please answer to all of the questions and write neatly. Other exer.pdf

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On anatomy atlases org or in your text study the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis spermatozoa primary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte spermatids immature sperm Solution The process of production of spermatogenesis cells is known as spermatogenesis. The first stage of spermatogenesis is the mitotic division of the diploid spermatogonium ( spermatogonium are the undifferentiated cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes) to produce two diploid primary spermatocyte. The next stage is the production of two haploid secondaryspermatocyte as result of meiosis I of the primary spermatocyte. The haploid secondary spermatocytes then undergo meiosis II for the production of four haploid spermatids. The spermatids development into mature spermatozoa which is also referred to as sperm cells. Before reaching the epididymus ( the convoluted tube behind the testis), the sperm cells are the immature sperms. Once they reach epididymus, the sperm cells gain motility..

On anatomy atlases org or in your text study the process of spermatog.pdf

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Multiple choice questions: please help.Janzen restored the pasturelands in Costa Rica to native tropical dry forest by: increasing hunting. conducting controlled burns. planting trees. completely removing cattle ranches. Solution A). By completely removing cattle ranches .This will result in greater grass production (more number of dry matter). B) several reserves far apart are superior to same number of resrves close together..

Multiple choice questions please help.Janzen restored the pasturela.pdf

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Nitrogen is key to cellular growth. It is usually acquired from the atmosphere where it is abundant It must be broken down by nitrogen fixers to be usable It is a central component of lipids This is false, it is not key to growth Most pathogenic bacteria (to humans) are: Thermophiles Psychrophiles Hyper Why? (referring to? 11) Because they grow in the same temperature range as the human body Because they grow in the same pH range as the human body Because they are the only types of organisms found on earth This category refers to pathogenic bacteria, harmless bacteria have a different name A cell is dividing by binary fission. How does it ensure that each daughter cell receives a copy of its chromosomal DNA? It doesn\'t this is a random process There are enough copies of the chromosomal DNA that this will likely happen Each copy of the DNA attaches to the cell membrane. As the cell elongates the chromosomes move apart from one another, ensuring that one copy is in each daughter cell. Each copy of the DNA attaches to the cell wall as the cell elongates the chromosomes move towards one another. You go to the dentist to have some work done on your teeth After they learn that you have recently had open heart surgery they say that they will not work on your teeth unless you are on antibiotics. Why? They are medical professionals and it is their job to follow up on your heart surgery They are worried that scrapped off from the patients\' teeth will ultimately colonize your heart They are worried that plank tome bacteria scrapped from your teeth will ultimately colonize your heart They know that the antibiotics used during surgery will also kill the bacteria in the mouth and thus tooth cleaning is unnecessary are usually: Homogeneous mixtures of bacteria Rare and almost only found in hospitals Heterogeneous mixtures of microorganisms Easy to physically remove from surfaces (such as river rocks) Solution 10. b. It must be broken by nitrogen fixers to be able to use 11. d.Mesophiles 12. (a) because they grow in the same temeperature They have optimal grwoth temperatures between 20C to 40C, whereas human body temperature of 37C makes a perfect environment for their growth..

Nitrogen is key to cellular growth. It is usually acquired from the a.pdf

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Let S1 and S2 be the matrices of the symmetry with respect to the ve.pdf

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is a set of logically related ideas and symbols that represent what we think are happening in the world The contrast is clear. On one hand we have convincing view of a general pattern. It is convincing because a pattern is observable in many countries or the hypothesis passed multiple tests. However, this approach does not allow us to have an in-depth understanding of the cases. providing a and processes that rulers establish to strengthen and perpetuate their power or control over a land and its inhabitants\" are , the Leviathan should be the solution to According to social problems as shown in his discussion of anarchy. His approach is an example of Normative approach . Cooperation through bargaining and collective action is difficult, and the difficulty mounts when Solution 1. A Theory is a set of logically related ideas and symbols that represent what we think happens in the world..

is a set of logically related ideas and symbols that represent what w.pdf

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2) A group of scientists is studying two populations of elephants. The first population was hunted to near extinction because of the value of their tusks until new laws were passed within the last year making elephant hunting illegal. The population remains small. The second population lives in an area that is relatively undisturbed by humans with abundant natural resources. Though many other plant and animal species live in the area, the elephants are under no threat from human disturbance. Which of the two populations is more likely to exhibit exponential population growth over the next 10 generations? Which is more likely to exhibit logistic population growth? Explain the rationale for your answer. 3) Marine biologists tagged and released 50 marlin. Later, fishermen caught 300 marlin, 15 of which had tags. What is the estimate for the number of marlin in the population? 2) A group of scientists is studying two populations of elephants. The first population was hunted to near extinction because of the value of their tusks until new laws were passed within the last year making elephant hunting illegal. The population remains small. The second population lives in an area that is relatively undisturbed by humans with abundant natural resources. Though many other plant and animal species live in the area, the elephants are under no threat from human disturbance. Which of the two populations is more likely to exhibit exponential population growth over the next 10 generations? Which is more likely to exhibit logistic population growth? Explain the rationale for your answer. 3) Marine biologists tagged and released 50 marlin. Later, fishermen caught 300 marlin, 15 of which had tags. What is the estimate for the number of marlin in the population? 2) A group of scientists is studying two populations of elephants. The first population was hunted to near extinction because of the value of their tusks until new laws were passed within the last year making elephant hunting illegal. The population remains small. The second population lives in an area that is relatively undisturbed by humans with abundant natural resources. Though many other plant and animal species live in the area, the elephants are under no threat from human disturbance. Which of the two populations is more likely to exhibit exponential population growth over the next 10 generations? Which is more likely to exhibit logistic population growth? Explain the rationale for your answer. 3) Marine biologists tagged and released 50 marlin. Later, fishermen caught 300 marlin, 15 of which had tags. What is the estimate for the number of marlin in the population? Solution The first population will grow exponential because their number will be much below than the carrying capacity so they will grow exponential upto the time they reached their carrying capacity. The Secend population will not grow exponantial because they are in a place where they are undisturbed by humans with abundant natural re.

2) A group of scientists is studying two populations of elephant.pdf

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I have a CSI case to prosecute for Biology and I need to find the connection between the victim\'s stomach sample, lung sample, and the ocean water sample where the body was found. The victim had olanzapine and alchohol in his system. What connections can you make between stomach samples, lung samples, and regular ocean water? I\'ve looked all over online and can\'t seem to find any connections. L Solution all the samples are somewhat similar in their properties such as 1) all the samples contains dissolved matter, minerals, dissolved gases. 2) all are high in density 3) all may contains microorganisms, suspended matters 4) all contains high salinity.

I have a CSI case to prosecute for Biology and I need to find the co.pdf

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