Religious Ideologies And Practices Behind Buddhism

Religious Ideologies And Practices Behind Buddhism
Throughout my time in school and growing up in a religiously diverse community in Queens, NY, I
have been exposed to numerous belief systems. These experiences have allowed me to stay open–
minded and interested to learn about other cultures and ways of life. One particular religion that I
did not consider myself well versed with was Buddhism. From my previous encounters with this
religion, I had learned that its teachings embody the idea of karma and rebirth. As means to broaden
my knowledge and learn more about the religious ideologies and practices behind Buddhism, I
spoke with Professor Ann Burlein of the Religion and Philosophy Department. I had originally
planned to attend Professor Burlein's Buddhism in America class, but due to time conflicts I resorted
to meet with her outside of the classroom environment. At the beginning of our conversation, she
first introduced me to some of the core fundamentals revolving Buddhism, which are acceptance of
impermanence, suffering and unseparated self. She explained that in Buddhism, one of the most
powerful and practical means of reaching this acceptance was through mindful meditation. I
personally could relate to her description about mediation because it is also heavily valued in
Sikhism. As Buddhists use meditation to achieve a certain mental outlook, Sikhs also use it as
means to control our thoughts and ultimately keep our mind from wandering. Understanding the
fundamentals behind Buddhism had already allowed me to draw a
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Social And Political Views Of Democracy
Democracy offers people the chance to be involved citizens rather than unreceptive subordinates.
However, this right doesn't come unchallenged. Citizens are required to assess a broad range of
political subjects (such as candidates, parties, and policies) and then combine and simplify their
likings in a way that allows them to choose on voting decisions. So, how are these challenges met?
In the United States, some citizens are conservative Republics, some are liberal Democrats, and
others fall in between or outside the two. Recent studies have proposed that these recognitions play
an important part in voting behavior and political perception. Recently, however, more studies have
accumulated advocating for two meager assumptions in regards to this study: that
liberal/conservative identifications are bipolar in meaning and that underlying this bipolarity is
cognitive meaning based on political issues (Conover, Feldman, 265). These variances in political
positions are called political attitudes, and fall on a spectrum between extremely liberal and
extremely conservative. Broadly speaking, this spectrum distinguishes what someone believes about
social issues and governments role in society. These beliefs are formed by a variation of aspects,
which can include family, gender, religion, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and region. Even
things like behavior, core ideals and values, and ideology can affect people's political attitudes.
However, these opinions are not set in

Madonna Manipulation Of Music
The 1980s American culture was largely conservative compared to that of today. Previously, the
majority of the American populace was fiercely heteronormative and strictly religious. As the
contemporary mainstream become more adapted to the fast–growing media culture of today, it has
become increasingly difficult for many casual listeners to find a defined boundary between artist
and entertainer. Art is rarely conservative. Art in music is to be valued for its complexity, and its
ability to invoke thoughts, emotions while expanding perspectives(Kalkavage). What qualified
Madonna as an artist is her manipulation of music as a medium for instigation and expression. Like
a prayer released on March 2, 1989, is Madonna's fourth album in her long–lasting career. The
works incorporated in this album was largely inspired by her childhood, personal and love life
experiences. The album's title track of the same name "Like a Prayer" was originally featured in
Pepsi's commercial as a debut. Pepsi later backed down from the endorsement deal following the
release of the controversial music video for this song. Ironically, ending the endorsement deal with
Pepsi had fueled publicity for the album itself. The single would later raise to become a top hit in
many countries(Thakur. 197). The music video challenged the religious boundaries embedded in the
popular culture and communicated personal truth. It had dealt with controversies by drawing the
masses' attention to the core of Madonna's

Effects Of The First World War On Society
The effects of the first world war on humanity are indisputable in the context of historical
documents. However, what can be easily disputed more than anything are the direct causes of the
war. It has been debated among scholars as to whether the reasons for the war were institutional or
by a select few powerful individuals. There are historians who write about the shared blame among
Western European countries such as Christopher Clark in The Sleepwalkers. On the contrary, there
are many historians who would place the blame for the war on Germany for varying reasons. In The
Kaiser and His Court, John Rohl argues that monarchy and religion in Germany helped to spawn the
first world war. His reasoning shows that Germany had a right to expand their power by handing
Austria–Hungary a "blank check" to go to war against Russia and that the ultimatum was hastily
offered to Serbia to protect Germany's political interests. This paper argues that Germany had the
largest role in initiating World War I because it took a separate path from the rest of Europe during
the twentieth century. The points to be discussed include why Germany introduced the "blank check'
document, the motives behind the Serbian ultimatum, and the overall religious and political
ideologies which led to the outbreak of the war.
The reasoning behind Germany handing Austria–Hungary the blank check can be debated, but it is
most likely because of the political views of Wilhelm II. The assassination of Archduke Franz

Colonial New England Ideologies And Religious Beliefs
Colonial New England ideologies were strictly religious in their puritan beliefs. Clergymen were
highly educated and forced religious practices in the name of being righteous and holy. Conformity
to religion was not considered a rational choice to those that were forced unto American soil and
forced to live a way of life so different than their own. Enslaved Africans brought with them their
own religious, marriage and funeral, and medicinal practices. These practices prompted radical
puritans to fear these religious traditions that were so unlike their own, condemning blacks and the
various ways they expressed hope in oppression. McMillan states, "As blacks occupied the lowest
rung within society, their ability to survive the ordeals of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Creating original covert religious rituals and theologies. Many of the bewitching practices that have
been historically accurate refer to Caribbean religious practices and Haitian voodoo, which is still
prevalent in society today. Religious traditions associated with these general regions include
celebration of marriage and funerals, for example, parading the streets with livelihood to properly
bury a loved one. Today this is referred to as the second line funeral procession. White colonialists
also believed funeral processions to be an act that made blacks uncontrollable. As stated in Piersen's
1988 Notes, "In 1721...Boston's selectmen limited the number of bells that could be tolled for Negro
funerals to one in order to cut down on attendance; and they ordered the funeral processions to stop
wending their way all over town and to take the most direct route to the grave." Well documented
manuscripts reveal a tell all of the black experience in colonial New England. This colony differed
to that of many others due to the simple fact that blacks were recognized and had legal rights.
Essentially, blacks were much better off in New England versus anywhere in the south. Denying
religious and moral traditional rights to blacks, white colonists still insisted that blacks followed a
Puritan moral code. With the inability to conform to the Puritan religion came a spike in witchcraft,

Ideology and Reality in the Movie, The Matrix Essay examples
Ideology and Reality in the Movie, The Matrix
The matrix, as presented in the eponymous film, operates as an Althusserian Ideological State
Apparatus (ISA). The Matrix1 presents a world in which "the state [as] a 'machine' of repression" is
made literal where robots rule the land (Althusser 68). It is true that they rule by force (sentinels and
agents) and these constitute the Repressive State Apparatus, but their primary force of subjugation is
the matrix, their ISA. The film traces the path of one man, Neo, in his painful progress from the
ideology of the matrix to the "real world," or the ideology of the "real."2 The matrix, unlike the
ideology of the "real," is explicitly defined along Althusserian lines as an ISA. ... Show more
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These are the "world outlooks" of "religious ideology, ethical ideology, legal ideology, political
ideology, etc." (87). It is important to realize that ideology here is a completely imaginary construct,
though from within any particular ideology, it is indistinguishable from the borders of "the real
conditions of...existence" (87). Althusser identifies a second thesis regarding ideology: "Ideology
has a material existence" (Althusser 89). In spite of its necessarily imaginary nature, ideology is
only manifested through physical action. This materiality introduces the notion of the subject. "The
existence of the ideas of [the subject's] belief is material in that his ideas are his material actions
inserted into material practices governed by material rituals which are themselves defined by the
material ideological apparatus from which derive the ideas of that subject" (92). Which is to say
that, a subject's intellectual ideas are only manifested through the physical actions that are inherently
rooted in the ideology. It is impossible to express thought without action, and it is impossible to act
without ideology. Thus, ideology becomes not only the imaginary relationship to reality, but also the
physicality of reality. Being both the idea of reality and the material manifestation of such, ideology
then becomes indistinguishable from reality, leading to Althusser's use of both terms

The Help Movie Analysis
In the movie The Help, there are many characters portrayed and all of them follow their own set of
motives to reach their goals. The movie, to me, appears to be the cliche white shaming movie, and
the creators are obviously left wing and want to preach the left wing status and show the struggles
we no longer face. Before I get into my character and categories I would like to discuss Left and
Right Wing. Left Wing typically believes that the government should have the utmost power and
they are usually liberals, however, the Right Wing thinks the government should have little to no
power and that personal goals and power should be the top priority, these are what we usually call
conservatives. The character who I will be analyzing is Hilly Holbrook. Very quickly into the
introduction of Hilly, she is portrayed as the "bad guy" or villian of the film because again, this is a
left wing film and Hilly is very clearly right wing. Like most characters in The Help, you can
generally see their intended values based on the color of clothing they are wearing, usually red,
white, or blue. Hilly constantly wears red a color commonly associated with the right wing, which
continually paints her such throughout the film. The bipolar categories of her ideology are
International vs. Nationalistic, Democratic vs. Hierarchical, and Insiders vs. Outsiders. My first
category in Hilly's ideology is International vs. Nationalistic. The international outlook is more
characteristic of left wing ideology. It tends to promote looking outward and trying to govern, and
care for the entire world and its peoples through aid or diplomacy. Also frequently sees everyone as
equals. This makes the nationalistic approach, right wing. Nationalist are strongly patriotic and see
their nation as the best, they want to focus on making their people better and let others find their
own path, they also view others as lessers, not because they don't see them as equal but because
some people work harder and therefore are more equal than others. I'm putting Hilly in the
nationalistic group because her outlook on other people and their nations. During one scene a maid
asks her for money to help pay for her boys college, Hilly doesn't pay for it and says

Our True Nationality Is Mankind
"Our true nationality is mankind." ― H.G. Wells
Today, the scourge of nationalism continues to infect humanity. Without doubt, in some circles,
nationalism is hotly debated. For most people, however, the concept of nationalism is rarely
questioned. In fact, it 's a foregone conclusion that people should love the nation in which they
reside. Some people even take great pride in the fact that they were arbitrarily born in a specific
geographical location. Unfortunately, like religion or capitalism, nationalism is alive and well in the
21st century.
Throughout the history of human civilization, people have been creating, critiquing and altering
institutions. For instance, people have been condemning religion for centuries, indeed millennia. Yet
the institution of religion still remains a dominant force in modern society. Without question,
religious institutions and practices have morphed, dare I say, evolved, over the centuries. But the
fundamental concept that human beings exist within an abstract framework of Gods, mythologies,
symbols, and so forth, still remains.
In short, it takes an extremely long time to change ideologies and practices. On the other hand, that
doesn 't mean conversations about such topics should be off–limits or discouraged. Quite the
contrary: such conversations are essential, especially today. As the legendary science fiction writer
Ursula K. Le Guin recently said, "We live in capitalism. Its power seems inescapable. So did the
divine right of

Essay on Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal
Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal
The Aztec and Inca peoples lived in militaristic and expansionist societies whose ideals were fueled
by their religious convictions. Expansionism was necessary for both societies to support their
religious beliefs. The religious zeal of these two civilizations became something that the leaders of
the empires could not control. These empires were built through ideologically driven conquests,
which became the cornerstones of their societies and something beyond the control of the rulers.
Every imperialistic nation has a motive for expansion. Military, materialism, and missionary are
three of the biggest motives foe expansion that imperialistic countries use to expand their borders.
Conquests ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This required the Mexicas' to go out and make war with their neighbors and then ruthlessly take
prisoners of war for later sacrifice. It was believed that the strength from the sacrificed captives'
souls would strengthen the sun in its ongoing battle with the forces of darkness (Conrad, 38). This
need for the sun to constantly be appeased set the Mexica people out on divine missions for
sacrificial bodies that took the form of imperial conquests. Mexica rulers flooded their lands with
propaganda that promoted their imperialistic religion. Most of the Aztec's art and literature was
made up of this propaganda, which created this religious fervor among the people that grew beyond
the control of the ruling elites. "Oral literature, monumental art, written codices, and public and
private ceremonies instilled and continually reinforced belief in the divine struggle and the
unceasing need for sacrificial victims" (Conrad, 51). Furthermore, religious zeal was strengthened
by the guarantee that immortality would be granted to warriors who died in the divine quest and
increased social standing awaited those who faired well in wars (Conrad, 52). The Aztec empire was
conquering new lands but not staying to govern them. "Moctezuma II inherited not only a tradition
of glorious military achievement but also its product: a far–flung, loosely organized, and totally
unstable imperial hegemony" (Conrad, 60). Moctezuma II recognized this problem with

How Power Is Used For Concealing Relations Of Power
Power is usually described as "bad" and is mostly discussed by others about the abuse of power
however this is not true, power can be used to help or protect individuals, which is exactly what the
culture I had observed does. In this essay, I will examine the performances of power that is observed
throughout the ritual ceremony, "chanting" in the Buddhism culture, displaying how the religion is
used for concealing relations of power within this definite culture. Through this examination, I will
use the theories of Karl Marx (religion as ideology) and Antonio Gramsci (hegemony being concept
of power), to support the display of how the power distributes religion. By relating to the definition
of power, I argue that, for the members of this community, 'power' is about ease and security– no
inequality.
The first observation that I had seen to our visit to the "Fo Guang Shan Temple" that stood out to me
the most were the Buddha statues. Inside the shrine, in the prayer room, were five large Buddha
statues and each wall in the room was occupied with images of small carved Buddha's; both female
and male. Along the left side of the five Buddha's, was an image of Male Buddha and on the right–
side was an image of Female Buddha. I also noticed that people took off their shoes at the door
before they entered. When I entered the prayer room, the first entity I had perceived was that the air
was filled with the smell of very strong incense, used for offering the Buddha. People had

Pros And Negatives Of Populism
How can Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump, who have completely different ideologies and agendas,
both be considered populists? Well, firstly we must understand what it is to be an actor of populism.
The purpose of this paper will be to define populism and explore its positives and negatives. Pure
people versus corrupt elite, is the way Cas Mudde, defines populism (M.S., 2016). There are a lot of
populists and they all have different intentions and desires for their people, therefore it could be
positive or negative. A Polish religious nationalist populist fights so the elite secular liberals give
institutions back to the Catholics. A Dutch secular–nationalist populist condones the multicultural
elite and argues there should be a crackdown on the Islamic religion. (M.S., 2016). As we can
clearly see they are great differences between the beliefs of one populist and another. Some may
argue that populism is the future of government and political dominance, although many will argue
that there are dangers when it comes to populism. I will discuss two disadvantages and one
advantage of populism. Populists have been heavily criticized for neglecting and disobeying basic
human rights. Populists claim that there are speaking for the majority of the population and instead
of promoting rights for everyone, they strive to only please the needs and wants of the majority
(Roth, 2017). The disadvantages of this lie in the fact that the minority is being completely ignored
and the concept

It Has Become Apparent That Throughout History Societies
It has become apparent that throughout history societies have formed as a means of improving
efficiency and quality of life. In that pursuit, ideology has become the main topic of discussion. The
long lasting argument of which societal structure and set of societal norms will reap the most
benefits continues today, specifically in the United States. However, it has not been until recently
that Marxists methods of analysis have become a significant source of discussion within the country.
As the exploration into Marxist ideology continues, it becomes apparent that the concepts
themselves also become more and more normalized within American culture. The idea of Marxism
has become widely accepted; enough so as to make it into mainstream ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As displayed in the show, without these factors the fate of, not only the individual but, the group is
at stake. In this zombie–infested world, the zombies themselves can be seen as a metaphor for the
Marxist criticism of capitalism. In a similar manner to that of which capitalism seeks profit for
individual's own sake, these zombies desperately pursue and starve for human flesh. The events that
occur in The Walking Dead can help illustrate the principles that Karl Marx and Marxism founded at
the time. Much like it is for the characters in the show, Marxism's ultimate priority is simply to
survive. However, much like the disease infesting the city of Atlanta, capitalism withholds a desire
to expand. It bases itself on risk, causing unnecessary obstacles for people to reach their end goal,
which should be to sustain themselves.
A major point made by Karl Marx seemed to be the abandonment of private property. For Rick's
surviving group the implementation of this concept is a must. In their zombie–filled world it is
important that the survivors keep on the move and detach themselves from any useless items. The
group never settles, always residing in temporary homes like farmhouses, camps, shops, and
prisons; knowing that claiming private property could be a liability or futile.
Within the Communist Manifesto, Marx also encourages the abandonment of the family

Political Ideology Essay
Ideology
Note: these are 'generalizations' and are not 'all inclusive'...
An ideology is a collection of ideas, typically containing ideas on what it considers to be the best
form of government (democracy, theocracy, etc), & the best economic system (capitalism, socialism,
etc). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology & one of its main ideas, e.g.,
"socialism" may refer to an economic system, or to an ideology which supports that economic
system.
– Political ideologies generally have two dimensions: Goals: (how society should work or be
arranged) and Methods: (the most appropriate ways to achieve the ideal arrangement).
– Ideology is basically constant, & we generally use a straight line 'left is liberal & right ... Show
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or support:
– Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest), believe in self reliance & individualism, and as such;
– generally against 'social welfare' programs to re–distribute wealth (from rich to poor)
– believe private business should be left alone to compete in 'free market enterprise' without gov't
control or interference, however, they routinely favor government support & funding for highways,
etc, and other programs to promote business (assistance)
– generally 'traditionalists', for political 'status quo' & view change suspiciously
– generally favor stiff criminal penalties (strong law & order), emphasize 'traditional' moral &
family values (anti–abortion, anti–homosexual, anti–same sex marriage)
– are skeptical of human nature; believe 'the rich get richer while the poor get poorer' is the law of
nature, because some people are stronger, smarter, harder working than others
Liberals generally believe government should take care of all the problems of society; that
government power should be used to protect the disadvantaged, individuals, the masses
– generally believe individual concentrations of wealth & power (wealthy elite) control the
government, destroy economic competition & weaken individual freedom, and as such;
– generally believe it necessary for the government to regulate the economy and 'big business' to
protect 'the workers', 'the masses', 'the people' from the 'wealthy elite'
– generally support 'social welfare' programs (redistribution

The Political Ideology That Best Represents My Views
The political ideology that best represents my views is liberalism. Liberalism is an ideology that
emphasizes, "cultural diversity, government programs for the needy, public intervention in the
economy, and individuals' rights to a lifestyle based on their own social and moral positions"
(Morone & Kersh, 2014, p. 37). In other words, liberalism promotes government assistance for
individuals in need as well as protect every individual's rights.
One aspect of my life that has shaped my political views is my religious background. I grew up in a
Baptist family, and used to go to church regularly. As I got older, I started going to church less and
less because the things my pastor said made me feel very uncomfortable. At the time, I did not
understand why I felt so uncomfortable and it was not until I got older that I realized why I felt the
way I did. Majority of the time, my pastor said things that had sexist and homophobic undertones.
Despite being in a holy place, I spent the duration of my time as a member of the church feeling
disconnected from everything, which eventually led to me breaking ties with the church completely.
My family's financial background also helped in shaping my views. When I was younger, my family
received financial assistance from the government in the form of CHIPs and food stamps. I was too
young to remember how food stamps benefited my family, but I do remember the many ways in
which CHIPs helped us out. For example, I grew up having terrible

A Summary Of The First Great Awakening
Described as theologically significant, The First Great Awakening (c. 1735–1743) was the beginning
of a revitalization that hit the American colonies by storm. It began to form once religion had eased
down and preachers began to take an emotional foot in religion and increasing liberalism – Armenia
(free will) ideals began to form. George Whitefield, a circuit rider who preached spiritual
awakening, and Jonathan Edwards, imposed fear in people by claiming God had already chosen
who get his salvation, were the main contributors to the First Great Awakening. The Second Great
Awakening (c.1795–1830) was experienced across the country due to the advancement in the
nation's economic growth. Preachers often spoke emotionally about their message to increase the
reaction in people. Preaches proclaimed that the power of eternal salvation is in the hands of the
person to decided to be saved and avoid eternal damnation. This ideals were closest
related/influenced by Arminianism which sinfulness is a choice rather than a destiny in which it
appealed to more people because of its optimistic outlook. The First Great Awakening changed
religious ideology by promoting Calvinist ideals and individualism amongst people; The Second
Great Awakening promoted salvation and damnation at the expense of the person true willingness to
be saved, positive female roles in the church and the infusion of lower classes with higher classes;
both transforming the methods of worship to become more emotionally

Essay on A Role for Religion in Public Service
A Role for Religion in Public Service
ABSTRACT: In this paper I discuss recent scholarly work on ideology, mostly by Europeans, that
exposes a secularist bias in current political theory, invites a nonderogatory concept of religion, and
(I argue) justifies more flexible church/state relations. This work involves (1) redefining ideology as
any action–oriented ideas, whether destructive or ameliorative, including both secular theory and
religion, then (2) drawing on hermeneutical and critical studies of the power/ideology relationship to
rediscover a role for 'utopia' as a social catalyst for amelioration. I then call attention to the
relevance of 'mission' to this work. For in both secular and sacred contexts, missions are defined and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This reconsideration involves two phases. First ideology is redefined as any action–oriented ideas
whether destructive or ameliorative including both secular theory and religion. Then hermeneutical
and critical studies of the power/ideology relationship help us rediscover the role of 'utopia' as a
social catalyst for amelioration.
As exemplified by Newspeak in George Orwell's Nineteen–Eighty–Four: destructive ideology is
used not to convey information but to provide a truth–indifferent rationale for institutional policies
and practices. Such obfuscation has been a government staple, not just in the former Soviet Union
but in the West as well, where governments have misrepresented their coercive activities as fending
off "bandits" earlier in the twentieth century and "terrorists" more recently. What matters for my
purposes is that one might similarly appeal to religious beliefs to justify pursuing a goal that is not
obviously religious at all.(1)
Special terminology is needed, then, to distinguish religious beliefs from mobilized religion. For this
purpose some writers(2) use the term 'worldview' (in German, Weltanschauung), and others rely on
'ideology.' 'Worldview' encompasses both religious and secular beliefs, as does 'visionof the world'
or 'mentality,' which some historians favor.(3) But none of these implies a call to action. The term
'ideology', though action–oriented, tends to be associated only with nonreligious ideas. But some

The Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi
This pepper identifies and analyses some of the highlights found in the culture narrative of a visual
comic memoir titled "The Complete Persepolis" by Marjane Satrapi, and a culture storyline, "Code
White" by Debra Anderson. Starting with "The Complete Persepolis" the book is about Satrapi's
experience as she transitions from a young woman into adulthood in Rasht, Iran and Vienna,
Australia during and after the Islamic and culture revolution between the periods of 1979–1995. The
first published in France, in French language in 2000, and English version 2003 in New York. As for
"Code White" it's a fiction cultural narrative about a Queer woman Alex who finds herself in a
mental health hospital in Toronto, Canada. Analyzing these books, and the, concepts such as
ideological practices, stereotypes, and feminism, as well as terms of ability, ablebodiness and
feminist power gives insight about ways in which systems of oppression related to race, class,
gender, ability, feminist sexuality are culturally re–enforced within a society. But also through
feminist these cultural ideologies can be deconstructed with the goal to gain economic and class
equality among all people. This essay focus in Marjane Satrapi and ways she resists to the culture
narratives of the veil in relation to gender class and sexuality. The second part pays a closer
attention to the Code White and the representation of the character of Alex and her tactics to resist to
mental illness, and stereotypes attached

Analysis Of The Article ' Reinventing The Veil '
The role of the veil in Persepolis
One of the most controversial topics concerning Muslim women's rights is the idea of the veil. It is
believed by some Muslims that the veil is an Islamic obligation that all Muslim women must adhere
to. But nowadays, the veil can have different meanings that are not necessarily religious. In her
article "Reinventing the Veil," Leila Ahmed addresses some of the different meanings that the veil
can have. Marjane Satrapi explores one of those meanings in her animated autobiography Persepolis
(2008). In Persepolis, Marjane tells the story of her rebellion against the Iranian Islamist regime that
takes over Iran, oppresses women, and forces them to wear the veil. What was interesting to me was
seeing Marjane wear the veil without being oppressed, although she does not believe in it, and is
being forced to wear it. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi escapes being a subject to the Iranian Islamist
ideology by establishing her individual identity through transforming the veil from a means of
oppression into a means of feminist rebellion.
In an interview conducted by MovieWeb, Marjane notes that the film isn't political, historical or
sociological. The film simply holds a humanistic message that says that "human beings anywhere is
the same, and they have the right to live" (Satrapi.) This humanistic message is what we see
Marjane fighting for in the film. She is striving to live a normal life, and one of the things that help
her do that is the veil. She

Biographies Of Educational Hegemony By Karen Ho
Educational Hegemony
With the development of the society, education becomes a significant role in human's lives, and
people appeal to get the equal rights of education. There are too many people looking forward to
justice and liberation in this world. At this time, education is a way to satisfy people's spiritual and
material demands. Gradually, eople realize the importance of education, and they believe in the
changes that education brings to them. This is why people get into hegemony, which presents from
the ideology and cultural aspect of the society. However, when their rights are regulated by norms,
people will question whether the hegemony will help them live better. In Karen Ho's article
"Biographies of Hegemony", she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individual's life choice narrows by the social cognition. The educational hegemony plants root in
people's mind that Wall Street is the best place to work. However, Wall Street people must dedicate
their lives on a financial circle. Ho states the situation, "This early and intense branding of Wall
Street careers as the symbol of arrival, the equating of investment banking with 'career' in general,
serves to narrow students' notions of success and gives the impression that for graduates, there's
nothing else out there besides investment banking and consulting" (Ho 171). People who study in
top universities are told to work in investment banking and consulting as a success. People regard
their schools as a symbol to measure their abilities. This recognition can see as a stereotype, which
the graduates from famous schools must do several job in several fields, such as business, political
or economic. The ideological hegemony indeed gives people options to choose, but also limits the
options and closes people's mind to discover what they really want. The purpose of education is to
help people learn critical thinking. Once the hegemony appears, the ability of critical thinking is
deprived in some degree. Nevertheless, Nafisi as a female teacher realizes that the current school
environment always lets her feel helpless and she says, "Teaching in the Islamic Republic, like any
other

Teaching And Learning, State Apparatuses, And Social...
Throughout this prospectus and study, there are numerous terms or concepts that will be used that
have multiple definitions or unclear definitions. Thus, the following definitions will be identified to
provide a clear and distinct understanding of the use of terminology that will be used throughout this
prospectus and study. The following terms or concepts are defined: preservice teacher, ideology,
beliefs about teaching and learning, state apparatuses, repressive state apparatus, ideological state
apparatuses, and social reproduction.
Preservice Teacher According to Kennedy (1999), a preservice teacher is a student that is currently
enrolled in a teacher preparation program. Thus, "Preservice teacher education is.... located squarely
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, they are typically 18 when they enter college and between 22 and 24 when they graduate (Dill
& Henely, 1998; Justice & Dornan, 2001; Monroe, 2006). For these students, entering college is
done for extrinsic reasons such as parental expectations and socialization (Justice & Dornan, 2001).
However, unlike nontraditional students, these students typically do not have the multiple roles of
parent, employee, and student (Ely, 1997). Traditional transfer students. According to the Monroe
(2006), transfer students are most typically categorized with non–traditional students, but not all
transfer students are non–traditional students. Some transfer students–which I will term, traditional
transfer students for clarity––are students who enrolled in a college, university, or community
college after graduating high school where they completed one to two years of course work or
graduated with an associate's degree and then transferred to a four year college or university to
complete their degree or start a new degree (Cejda & Kaylor, 2001; Monroe, 2006). Thus, these
students are typically 18 when they enter college originally and between 22 and 24 when they
graduate with a degree from the transfer college or university. For these students, community
college allows them the opportunity to get the skills and courses needed at a lower tuition cost and
easier admission (Andres & Carpenter, 1997; Cejda &

The American Dream
The American Dream is an American ideology, in which everyone in the U.S. is able to reach with
hardworking and dedication, and has been interrogated into our politics, economy, and social
system. Some want to achieve economic prosperity, some just want religious freedom, some simply
want to give their children a better chance at life than they had themselves, and others have different
views on the American Dream. However, because the Dream has been integrated into our political,
economical, and social systems so deeply, it is nearly impossible for many to reach the Dream. This
is especially true when you input factors such as gender, age, and, race. The American Dream has
also changed, as many younger citizens no longer want to be millionaires and much rather be able to
pay off student debts. In order the give a full analysis of the American Dream, an in depth look into
the political, economical, and social aspects of it must be done, and this is because all three aspects
are intertwined together.
Politically, as John Archer, a historian and professor at the University of Minnesota, stated, "The
American dream has long been bound up with America's politics and political ideology, and for the
most part the relationship has been harmonious" And yes, for the most part, they have been
harmonious, however, with the current change in political views and lack of political direction,
things may soon change to be less in sync. Government funded programs do an unmeasurable
amount of

Early American Literature Influenced by Religious...
In the beginning times of American Literature, Puritan writers were prevalent which grew into the
Age of Reason by way of scientists and philosophers, which eventually emerged into Romanticism
and the Renaissance writers, which developed into Realism by the middle of 19th century.
Throughout American Literature, religious ideologies and philosophies influenced the way that
writers portrayed the time period, characters, feelings, and God.
Through Puritan writers, literature is influenced by religious ideologies and philosophies. Puritans
writers, beginning in about 1560, put most of their focus into making their work God centered. They
believed in the "Elect" and that Jesus died only for these few people. Writers usually wrote in 1st ...
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She also thanks God during situations that could seem like nothing to be thankful about like, "yet
the Lord by his almighty power, preserved a number of us from death" (Rowlandson 10). Through
both the narratives of the lives of Equiano and Rowlandson, the Puritan literature is influence by
religious ideologies and philosophies. By the end of the 17th century, new ideas formed in Europe
challenging the faith of the Puritans, during the period of time known as the Age of Reason. Also
known as the Enlightenment, it began with philosophers and scientists who called themselves
rationalists, believing that one can arrive at truth by using reason, instead of religious faith or
intuition. As the Puritans in the past saw God as being active in the involvement of the workings of
the universe, the rationalists compared God to a clockmaker, and that God's gift to humanity was the
ability to think in a logical manner. Like the Puritans, rationalists discovered God through the
medium of the natural world, but believed in deism, that God made it possible to discover nature
laws through their power of reason, given by Him. Benjamin Franklin's The Autobiography, is
depictive of the Age of Reason because it portrays the fact that Franklin was a self–made person and
had to further his own life, rising from poverty to a scientist able to retire at

Literary And Cultural Theory During The Modern And...
Theories investigating subjectivity have dominated the field of literary and cultural theory during
the modern and postmodern period. The way we understand subjectivity effects the way we
understand the world around us, whether the subject is viewed in the Cartesian manner as a fixed
entity, with a pre–existing nature that is not affected by the discourses that surround the it, or if we
view the subject as one produced in and through the forces of power available in the time period,
whether they be political, social or linguistic. The dominant model of understanding the subject up
till the 20th century has been the model provided by Descartes, one where the self is understood as
being independent and unsupported, where it is considered a private and autonomous experience
deriving meaning and substance on its own without the assistance or influence of external factors.
According to Descartes "true self–knowledge cannot rely on the contingent and fallible perceptual
ideas that are not essential to one 's true self." During the age of Enlightenment reason and empirical
knowledge were foregrounded, and were focused upon as the most important factors in
understanding the world, consequently the individual was also emphasized as the creator of
meaning. Human beings were understood as being born with great potential, and a stable, true self
that if given the right to its unrestrained expression, could flourish and achieve anything.
Heidegger was one of the first thinkers to

Criticism In Animal Farm And The Prophet's Hair
Literature generally reflects life. It doesn't just describe the events; it creates characters and conflicts
to help the reader better understand the meaning of the events. Modern literature is often linked to
ideology, either supporting or discriminating it. George Orwell's Animal Farm and Salman Rushdie's
The Prophet's Hair are among the literary texts that attack the ideologies, Communism and Islam
respectively. Even though the texts are written in the genres that are usually used to support the
principles and ideas of the philosophy they promote, Animal Farm and The Prophet's Hair
undermine these philosophies. There are certain similarities in the way G.Orwell and S.Rushdie
discriminate the ideologies in question; however, some differences ... Show more content on
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First of all, the tone of describing events and characters in both texts is sarcastic. Humorous
undertone is expressed by different means: caricatures, contrasts and hyberbolisations in Animal
Farm; high diction and exaggeration in The Prophet's Hair ("procession", "endless ululating
crocodiles of lamentation", "ramifications", "massive police search"). Moreover, both protagonists,
Napoleon and Hashim, are obsessed with the idea. Napoleon puts in place any means to achieve his
goal; and Hashim becomes a different person, betraying his own principles, in order to satisfy the
requirements of his new ideas. Worship of the ideology, be it Communism or Islam, is at the core of
the conflicts. In addition, both characters use their ideologies, but not common sense and
consciousness, to justify their acts. Napoleon's every new decision, even the most abnormal, is
supported by "Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back? "; by "Jones" implying the old
regime. After these words every argument becomes unanswerable. For his part Hashim uses religion
to justify his greed and passion. He tells himself: "...the Prophet would have disapproved mightily of
this relic–worship: he abhorred the idea of being deified, so by keeping this rotting hair from its
mindless devotees, I perform – do I not? – a finer service

Ideology And Ideological State Apparatuses
Essay I: Of Althusser and ISAs
Ideology is much like oxygen gas, invisible to the average human yet ever present in the world.
According to philosopher Louis Althusser, ideology is "a 'representation' of the imaginary
relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence" (Norton 1498). Ideology is a means
by which people attempt to comprehend themselves in relation to the reality they exist in. For
example, in Christianity, people view themselves as placed into reality for the purpose of repenting
for the sins of humanity. Christianity, and all religions, are key to understanding how ideologies are
perpetuated and spread to individuals. According to Althusser, as detailed in his essay "Ideology and
Ideological State Apparatuses" (1970), ideologies are used by the class in charge of the State (the
government) in order to control oppressed classes. Ideologies are employed in two main forms, first
in through Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) and then through Repressive State Apparatuses
(RSAs). RSAs rely mainly on violence or the threat thereof to control the masses, and are under
direct control of the State. Forces such as courts, the police, and the Army are RSAs. In contrast,
ideological State Apparatuses function mainly through ideology, to control the thoughts, actions,
and beliefs of the people. ISAs are not usually under direct control of the State, but serve the State's
purposes by influencing the people, acting as the arms of ideology, spreading it to

Essay on The Dictators
The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such
as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important and definitely the
most obvious change is the increasing deadliness of war. Granted, people have died in wars from the
very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both
among the contending armies and among civilian populations, the latter being the most drastic
change in number of casualties. Similarly, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships
arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different
political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Richard Overy's stunningly detailed and well–crafted study of this dichotomy, The Dictators,
illuminates it for even the uninitiated in the world of European or Global History. One particular
aspect that clearly illustrates both the similarities and the differences is the ideological goals of each
regime. Despite the fact that they were on two opposite sides of the political spectrum, the
similarities between the two show that they may not have been as opposite has they appear. One of
the goals was the creation of a utopian society. "The social vision at the heart of both dictatorships
was utopian in a very literal sense. Like the construction of Thomas More's ideal city, both pursued
the perfect society by compelling their subjects to struggle against the imperfect present" (Overy
229). The precise type of utopian society, however, was a major point of distinction. Hitler sought to
form a nationalist Germany in which everything, from the economy to the church, was subordinate
to the needs of the state. "'The state must act,' wrote Hitler, 'as a guardian of a millennial future in
the face of which the wishes and selfishness of the individual must appear as nothing and submit'"
(Overy 229). Stalin, on the other hand, sought to follow the ideals of Marx and form the ideal
Marxist–Leninist state. "The socialist project under Stalin was built on the idea of struggle against
the surviving elements of class selfishness and the eventual triumph of a

Analysis Of Jean Louis Comolli And Jean Narboni 's '...
In Jean–Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni's essay "Cinema/Ideology/Criticism," they put forward the
central argument that film is a commercial product in the capitalist system and therefore also the
unconscious instrument of the dominant ideology which produces it. In opposition to the classic
film theory that applauds camera as an impartial device to reproduce reality, they argue that what the
camera reproduces is merely a refraction of the prevailing ideology. Therefore, the primary and
political task for filmmakers is to disrupt this replication of the world as self–evident and the
function of film criticism is to identify and evaluate that politics. Comolli and Narboni then suggest
seven categories of films confronting ideology in different ways, among which the second category
resists the prevailing ideology on two levels. Films of this group not only overtly deal with political
contents in order to "attack their ideological assimilation" (Comolli and Narboni 483), but also
achieve their goal through breaking down the conventional way of depicting reality.
Palindromes (2004), directed by Todd Solondz, to a large degree corresponds to the category B
proposed by Comolli and Narboni. On the level of the "signified," namely the film's content, this
black comedy directly tackles the heatedly debated social and political issues surrounding teen
pregnancy and abortion in the United States. When approaching this controversial subject, the film
puts great emphasis on revealing,

Herodotus Use Of Religious Ideologies In Ancient Cultures
According to multiple scriptures, religious ideologies were an essential component of the ancient
civilizations. Religion managed to touch every aspect of ancient life, including having a correlation
with warfare. A letter recounting the events of Sargon's eight campaign describes the Neo–Assyrian
concept of using religious ideologies as a motivation for conflict. Furthermore, Herodotus' account
of the Greco–Persian wars depicts the use of religion in determining the time, the means, and the
outcome of warfare. In both cases, religious ideology had a unique role in generating conflict
through inscriptions, omens, dreams, festivals, prayers, and prophecies. When the Assyrian Empire
was at its height, Sargon conducted multiple campaigns to control and expand his empire. His
eighth campaign was documented in a letter Sargon wrote to his god Assur. Sargon begins by stating
that Ninigikug, the lord of wisdom, had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7.206). Logistically, Sparta would not have been able to survive if the whole Spartan army had
marched off to war. Since all Spartan males fought in the army, it was their hoplite slaves who
tended the fields, prepared the food, and performed the daily tasks a city–state would need to thrive.
If the entire Spartan army had left, the hoplite slaves would have revolted and Spartan society would
have crumbled (Jan. 26). But Herodotus never mentions the reality of Spartan culture and instead,
leaves it to religious ideologies to be the cause for their absence at Marathon and Thermopylae. In
Herodotus' mind, the belief that it was religious ceremonies preventing the Spartans from entering
battle was much more interesting that the Spartan hoplite system. But, this examples stills shows
that religious ideologies could prevent conflict from

What Cyborg Are You? Essay
The global industrialization in twentieth century rapidly shaped the human society in political,
economical, cultural and other aspect. The idea of machine replacing human beings has been
concerned by many scholars and scientists themselves. The definition of human being and the
definition of machine ha s been challenged as they gradually become into a non–separated
integration. We now have artificial limbs, man–made blood vessels and even micro–chips in our
brains. In A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist–Feminism in the Late Twentieth
Century, a well–known essay published in the late twentieth century, Donna Haraway developed the
notion of Cyborg. She states that there is no actual boundary among "human", "animal", and ...
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In other words, becoming a cyborg is not only the collaboration with machinery. Becoming a cyborg
means that the built–in becomes the core of a man and the built–in is also the necessity of living in
his community. The equipped or imposed part maintains our activities as a must in our life while the
original part degenerates or the original part must live with the new extension. Based on my
definition of cyborg above, I am becoming a cyborg.
My basic living skills is degenerating as most other people who live in modern society. I cannot
recall the last time I handwrite something besides my signature. I wrote every week on paper since I
was in elementary school. I started working on a computer when I was 10 and ever since then I
gradually feel inevitable disconnection with pens and papers. After 12 years typing on keyboard, I
can hardly produce any fluent phrase by handwriting because keyboard changed the way I write and
think. I am used to faster speed of typing, look ahead when I write, and the automatic correction for
grammar and spelling by my software. As a bookworm and a potential writer, it is extremely
difficult to shift back to handwriting as my flow of thoughts has to slow down for my much lower
writing speed in addition to the pause for spelling check. The same problem with the calculation
skill, there are few people who can do simple division and multiplication by their own mind. They
need a plug–in – calculator

Dogmatic Ideologies In The Crucible By Arthur Miller
When contemplating past societies, a subconscious critical lens is often enacted exposing the
fallaciousness of their respective ideologies. The Crucible by Arthur Miller serves to provide
perspective into the consequences of being confined to an ideology in a dogmatic fashion, and the
fear it may inspire. The theatre piece is set during the Salem Witch Trials in late 17th century and
follows the vulnerable townspeople as a syndicate of naive girls abuse the communities position as
puritans to endow accusations of witchcraft. A consistent allegory between the piece and
McCarthyist America, tied with context and literary techniques enables a warning against dogmatic
beliefs in ideologies and the fear that can result from the unknown.
The creation of an allegory connecting the Salem Witch Trials with McCarthyist America, and
context, primarily historical, alerts viewers of the precaution that must be held in relation to
dogmatic ideologies. In order to fully comprehend the allegorical extracts the historical context must
first be understood. At the time of publication, 1953, the Cold War was in occurrence. The Cold War
was essentially a war of two antithetical ideologies, capitalism (in America) and communism (in the
USSR). In 1949 the USSR exploded their first nuclear weapon and not long after in 1953, activated
their first hydrogen bomb. Due to this Americans became paranoid of the communist threat and
emanated into capitalist ideologies becoming unquestionable; over

Liberals And Conservatives Are Divided Dividing Essay
The main purpose of the article by Matt Motyl titled, "Liberals and conservatives are
(geographically) dividing" is that political parties' affiliations are dividing the U.S. This can be seen
through the locations many Americans live such as liberals going to more urban areas as opposed to
the conservatives to go to less populated areas in rural states (Motyl, 2014). The author uses the
Ideological Enclavement Theory to explain the division of people in the U.S through ideological–
segregated enclaves (Motyl, 2014).
In this theory, there are two components which he states, "People have gut–level intuitions about the
ideology of different enclaves, and when the ideology if a community matches people's personal
ideology, people infer that they would fit into that community. Second, when people have the
opportunity to do so, they will selectively migrate into enclaves that share their ideology" (Motyl,
2014). He then further breaks down the theory to the consequences that emerge from this division in
three categories which stem from the idea of belonging through the self such as migration, well–
being and cognitive style and Intergroup through cooperation, Social capital trust but also hostility
dehumanization and violence (Motyl, 2014). Through his research and others which he states he
believes that people decide to stay or create groups based on their own ideologies and migrate away
from communities where they believe they are unwelcome and not belong in the community. The

The Chimney Sweeper And William Blake's Songs Of...
William Blake's poem "The Chimney Sweeper" of Songs of Innocence draws a crude image of late
18th and early 19th century where children labors helplessly surrender themselves at the feet of
capitalists. This paper aspires to analyze "The Chimney Sweeper" from Althusserian view of
Interpellation as we see, different chimney sweepers, forgetting their own identity and pleasure,
conform to the rules and norms manipulated by their master. In the midst of flourishing
industrialization of late 18th century, workers really became material of production and in this way
they were incorporated into institution. This paper looks into the chimney sweepers through the
spectacles of Interpellation. In "The Chimney Sweeper", the course of Ideological State ... Show
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In "The Chimney Sweeper", the little chimney sweeps become tools in the process of production.
According to Louis Althusser, "all ideology hails or interpellates concrete individuals into concrete
subjects". Interpellation is a kind of 'misrecognition'. It can be counted as "recruitment" as it asks to
join a man into a position of subject. From Althusser's view, the state employs Ideological Apparatus
to reproduce ideology through practices and production. He presents his main concepts regarding
condition of production, theory of state and role of individual in an essay named "Ideology and
Ideological State Apparatus", where he mentions Repressive State Apparatus functions through
violence and force to subdue an individual on the other hand Ideological State Apparatus uses the
institutions of religion, ethics, and politics. As the production processes continue, the chimney
sweeps become lifeless objects for the sake of production and

Mindfulness : The Religious Ideologies Of The Eastern World
Mindfulness derives from the religious ideologies of the Eastern world, specifically originating from
Buddhism. Mindfulness represents a state of consciousness in which an individual is completely
aware of the present moment. The intense awareness of the present moment allows the individual to
acknowledge the feelings, thoughts, and emotions being experienced in a nonjudgmental manner.
Mindfulness involves cognition about cognition, and the ability to observe thoughts impartially.
However, present moment awareness is a vital component to being mindful. Thoughts about the past
and future will subside. The individual's awareness is on the body, the breath, and thoughts only
pertaining to the present moment. This awareness and attention allows a person to view the world in
a new perspective. Most people constantly and unknowingly think about the past or the future. The
intrapersonal communication we experience changes our perspective of the world because we are
either comparing the present to a situation from the past or we are ignoring the present by
anticipating the future. Practicing mindfulness can enhance interpersonal communication skills in
reference to arguments and problem solving, resulting in stronger interpersonal relationships.
Mindfulness allows a person to be open to new perspectives. Often times when two people engage
in an argument, they only focus on their interpretation of the situation. However, a mindful mindset
leads to openness and the will to

Political Ideologies And The Basic Philosophy Of A Community
Any social and political system that is established in any nation is designed on the fundamental
principles of their existence, which define their cultures, their needs, their demands and the concept
of their living. From this we can deduce that a kind of charter comprising of the values, ideas,
thoughts, principles and the ethical boundaries of a society, that works for the construction of a
social embodiment of a country and graphs out certain templates of actions to be followed is known
as a political ideology. Political ideologies help in the enhancements of the basic philosophy of a
community. It enables the analysis of the definition of their existence and gives them a medium to
work upon their planning of developments. Social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It covers up the rights of females of all ages and supports them in the demand of equality in social,
cultural, educational, political, economic, recreational, administrative and domestic systems.
Feminism actually began in the late 19th century when the concept behind this ideology was
entirely different to what it is perceived today. Feminism was composed to bring about justice to the
underprivileged members of the society, irrespective of their caste, color, race or gender. Feminism
catered to audiences who were discarded from the civil setup because they lacked the normal
atonement to the living standards brought about by the trend setters. Feminism aimed at highlighting
the plight of such individuals, by helping people to acknowledge them and their equal stand in
living. However, they were criticized in multitudes. Quite often, the deprived groups of individual
finding refuge with such comforting agents were mostly the female classes of our society.
It should be noticed that these revolutions erupted in the western world, where transgression of
women was at its peak and the female counterparts were often victimized to be treated as highly
dejected human beings. Women laborers were paid wages that were not even a quadrant of the
amount paid to their fellow male workers, they was no law against sexual and physical abuse
against young girls. This kind of a scenario turned

Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century: A brief...
POLITICAL SCIENCE 101
Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century
A brief Study of popular 20th Century political trends.
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of
the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of
the contents of the document.]
Political ideologies (P.I) have existed since the dawn of human Civilization; they have been fought
over, discredited, re–approached, and fought over again. Many exist and have been tried over
thousands of years. Still the question that plagues humanity is, how best do we manage
governmental affairs? It is best to understand that different political ideologies ... Show more
The main thrust of the theory is that everyone was to work to their abilities, and everyone would
receive to their needs. The linchpin of this theory, however; was that it must occur in an already well
industrialized nation. Leninism/Stalinism takes the Marxist model and adjusts it slightly to take a
non–industrialized nation into modernity while simultaneously creating the "workers eutopia" Lenin
and Stalin did this mainly by force but Lenin also achieved this by using a quasi–capitalism called
"The new economic policy". Classic liberalism/Capitalism finds its roots with the age of
enlightenment and the emergence of the United States of America. The economic driving force
behind Classic liberalism is capitalism. The idea that economies grow and nations become powerful
with minimal government involvement. Central to this theme is the idea of free trade between
private parties. Classic liberalism relies also heavily individual rights and freedoms, an individual
free to live as they please with minimal government involvement. Progressivism/Socialism is an
attempt to lightly combine the idea's of Marxism and classic liberalism. With heavy reliance on
government regulation the idea is to manage a capitalist economy in order to evenly distribute goods
and service's equally to a nation's populace. There is also a strong tendency for socialist nation to be
very liberal in the social sense as well. Many types of deviant behaviors are considered to be be
more

The Purpose Of Ideology
1. – ideology– Meaning and Philosophy
Ideology is a system of meaning that helps define and explain the world and that makes value
judgements about that world. It refers not only to the beliefs held about the world but also to the
basic ways in which the world is defined (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan 1953). "Ideology is a body of
ideas concerning economic, social and political values and goals which posit action programmes for
attaining these goals."–Padelford and Lincoln
"Ideology is a cluster of ideas about life, society or government, which originates, in most cases, as
consciously advocated dogmatically asserted social, political or religious slogans or battle–cries and
which through continuous usage and preaching's gradually become the ... Show more content on
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Link between ideology and media
The ideology of the media is broad and manifests in the communicativity of the media. To facilitate
ideological analysis, however, the key is the fit between the images and texts in a specific media
output, plus the manner thought and discussion on social and cultural issues. Questions, however,
arise as to how the media content (shaped by ideologies) depict real life. This begs the question of
function and ethics. The ideological analysis further attempts to answer questions about what the
media messages depict of the society and its people.
This underscores why politicians have long perceived mass media as a veritable channel of
disseminating an ideology so that the society can mirror itself against what the media feeds it and
thus be manipulated. This further begs the question of whether the media is a contributor or
otherwise to societal problems in the face of political ideological dissemination.
Furthermore, the media and ideology are interconnected in the following ways (Asemah, 2011):
i. The media serves as a channel for communication of ideologies ii. Media function requires its
representation of concepts of reality within and without the local environment to the

Equality and Diversity
Describe the individual factors that make a person who they are, by giving examples of each of the
following factors: a) Physical characteristics b) Emotions c) Likes and dislikes d) Values and beliefs
Each of us has different individual characteristics and factors, and it is the combination of these that
make up who we are. The individual factors are made up of physical characteristics (what people
see –examples might be our size, build, colour of hair or skin); emotions (the way in which you feel
– examples might be confidence, shyness, an outgoing nature, or miserable); likes and dislikes
(things you enjoy doing or those that you avoid – examples might be work, hobbies, sporting
activities, cooking / eating, socialising); and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They may also choose to refer to themselves as being part of a particular cultural group, or as
having particular cultural beliefs. For instance some may choose to describe themselves according
to age group (for instance a teenager or pensioner), or with reference to their standing in society or
perceived membership of a class group (working, middle or upper class), or perhaps with regard to
their profession (for example tradesman, health worker). The cultural characteristics can also link in
to an individual's ideology or belief – it may be that they are a member of a particular belief group,
such as Scientology, and therefore cal themselves a Scientologist; or they describe themselves as
being of a particular political persuasion ("I am a Liberal"). Geographic characteristics – a person
may describe themselves as being a member of a particular group based in a certain part of the
Country. For instance, a "Geordie", "Londoner", or "Northerner" and "Southerner". These groups
carry with them a number of different identifiers: This could be in terms of language and dialect
used (one is often able to identify the geographic origin of those with particularly strong accents, or
those using particular phrases); it may also be in terms of cuisine enjoyed within that particular
region, the local sport, or perhaps the local customs and associated dress. In addition to these

The Groundings With My Brothers Summary
On June 16, 2015, a long time television and real estate magnate by the name of Donald J. Trump
opened his presidential campaign by uttering one of the most racially insensitive remarks in today's
time when he elucidated upon that notion that Mexican immigrants who come to America are not
model citizens but rather rapists and murderers who undermine the legitimacy and economic
fortitude of the American experiment. This racist and xenophobic remark illustrates just how
entrenched the notion of white supremacy or as Walter Rodney would call it the "white cultural
imperialism" ideology is inextricably tied to the understanding of our society today. Because of this
problematic ideology, there must be some sort of opposition to fight against such ... Show more
In particular, Walter Rodney's third argument about the role of black intellectual in integrating one's
self with the happening's of the black masses is particularity intriguing. Here, I posit that Rodney is
making an argument about the need for solidary within politically repressed minority communities
like those of the African–American community. I agree with Rodney that through the acceptance
and affirmation of the connections that we share with each of our brothers and sisters that it helps us
move in a path in which all of those who are the most marginalized within our society stand a
chance to benefit in the long run. Solidary is important to liberation and in reforming the oppressive
structures under which we live.
Moreover, I agree with the argument Rodney posits when he tasks black intellectuals to not believe
and challenge the social myth of the multi–racial society. In this instance, I think that Rodney is
making a broader point about how pervasive and powerful ideology can be. Essentially, in a sort of
Marxist spin, it is my belief that Rodney is saying that people in power often times make
relationships and ideas seem more legitimate than they actually are in order to cause one to be
obscured to

The Republicans Fight For Economic Justice And Security
Ideologies are referred as a set of ideas and values that provides a base for organised political action.
They justify and influence the different theories of society and human nature. Ideologies have a big
impact on policy making. Democratic and Republican parties differ on their ideologies and values,
therefore, impacting policy formulation. Democrats fight for economic justice and security in the
U.S. and global economies. For example, fairness is the core principle for the Congressional
progressive caucus. It also embodies national priorities that are consistent with the values, needs,
and hopes of all our people, not just the powerful and the privilege. They want to invest in America
and create new jobs in the U.S. by building more affordable housing, re–building America's schools
and physical infrastructure, cleaning up our environment, and improving homeland security. They
also want to ensure working families can live above the poverty line and with dignity by raising and
indexing the minimum wage. Whereas the Republicans believe they shouldn't be spending money
on the homeless. Conservatives believe that giving away handouts decreases incentives to work and
that, generally, welfare is the enemy of freedom. As a result, The House bill was an attempt to end
the Housing Trust Fund. Housing is a human right and people should not have to live in poor
conditions. I know someone that was homeless when he was young and that alone affected his
mental health because of the

Religious Ideologies And Practices Behind Buddhism

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