Lecture On CHROMATOGRAPY By Dr. Amjad M. T. Khan Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry AMU, Aligarh

1. Ambature
Confidential
1
The A - Axis Superconductor Technology Leader

2. Overview
Ambature, Inc. is the technology leader in A-axis superconductive
materials, processes and the surrounding intellectual property.
Our differentiation and barriers to entry are based on:
• Producing the thinnest, superconducting A-axis films in the world
based on proprietary methods and trade secrets. Most other
materials are manufactured along the C-axis. Superconducting
current prefers the physical properties of A-axis materials.
• Producing materials that increase efficiency where material
performance is otherwise impacted by electrical resistance. These
materials also hold the promise of superconductivity at
Freon/ambient temperatures.
• 200 patent applications granted or filed around the world in the
largest economies.( Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong,
India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Russia and USA). Eleven( 11) patents
granted in USPTO, one (1) in Russia, and our first in China, Israel
and Taiwan in the Fall. The remainder are in active prosecution.
2

3. 3
Our IP Strategy and
Development
• Engaged several leading experts to review our work and none were
aware of any work in the field similar to ours.
• Created a hierarchical taxonomy of all world-wide patents relating
to ELR or superconductive materials and products.
• 15,000 patents reviewed
• Taxonomy guided our inventions process
• No patents that undermine our IP position were discovered
• Developed a highly-efficient system for creating and protecting our
IP assets.
• Filed patents covering our core ELR materials and methods, as well
as ELR-specific product applications
• Documented additional invention disclosures
• Acquired the rights to exploit additional patents

4. 100 Year History of High Critical
Temperature of
Superconductors
Pb
NiN VaSi
NiSn
LSCO
YBCO
BSCCO
TBCCO
HgBCCO
Doped
HgBCCO
1918 1925 1932 1939 1946 1953 1960 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 2016
Last 100 Years
Freon
Based
Cooling
Range
Ambient
Temp.
Range
on
Earth
Liquid Helium
Liquid Nitrogen
4
In the late 80’s over $1 Billion
was spent to develop higher
temperature superconductors

5. Our Solution
Working with a combination of materials that has not previously been
developed:
• Base materials are readily available and not hazardous to the
environment.
• A-axis epi-layers are deposited in uniform sheets which allow
higher performance electrical conduction through the layers,
simpler fabrication, and improved device performance.
• By focusing on the A-axis and highly-ordered crystal lattice we
create materials that may lead to breakthrough properties.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
5
Ambature Materials are harder to make (high barriers to entry)
and much easier to use (higher value for licensing).

6. Our Solution
• Develop high-quality A-axis films that
allow the shifting of complexity burden
from processing to the material
creation process.
• HQ A-axis films may increase
performance characteristics at
cryogenic temperatures, provide
enhanced magnetic and etching
characteristics.
• Higher temperatures or lower
resistance levels enhance the
business model.
• Goal is any combination of properties
that can produce a disruptive
commercial application.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
6
By developing highly-aligned (both in plane and out of plane)
A-axis films, Ambature is characterizing specific material
properties of existing High Temperature Superconductors and
developing new materials that exhibit differences in Critical
Temperature, Critical Current and Magnetic Properties.

7. A-Axis Growth
The Problem: Monolithic integration of multiple high temperature
superconducting (“HTS”) devices is hampered by YBCO’s crystal structure
• Super-currents flow in preferred directions only (a-b plane) along the copper
and oxygen atoms
• Fundamental structures (like vertical tri-layer Josephson Junctions (“JJ’s”))
cannot be fabricated without complex IC processing.
• System implementation of HTS is greatly limited
The Solution: Grow YBCO Differently
• Align copper planes normal to the substrate plane. This is “A-axis growth”.
• This creates structures that conduct super-current both vertically and
horizontally.
• This enables circuit complexity built from a simple epi-structure
• the critical current density is bigger (in YBCO)
• the coherence length is longer in the vertical direction ( in YBCO )
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
7

8. Ambature’sA-axis Growth Strategy
• A-axis YBCO, grown on large (c. 4” or larger) substrates is difficult
• Lattice mismatch calls for buffer layers
• Nature prefers C-axis growth because it takes less energy (it is called
“kinematically favorable”)
• But A-axis growth does enable large scale, low cost manufacturing of high
temperature devices(“HTS”) devices
• With A-axis grown YBCO on Silicon Carbide (and designs for Silicon and Saphire),
vertical tri-layer JJs can be integrated in large numbers, like transistors on an IC
• Ambature has chosen Molecular Beam Epitaxy (“MBE“) (a form of atomic layer
epitaxy) as the A-axis growth tool. MBE has atomic layer thickness control with high
quality single crystal growth (which is critical for high quality JJ’s with A-axis
orientation and for critical definition of the insulating layer in the JJ)
• A-axis growth simplifies device fabrication, improves system performance and
lowers cost
• This is a more systems-driven technology development approach
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
8

9. 50.5%
10.3%
8.4%
7.5%
7.5%
5.6%
3.4%
2.2% 2.2%
0.9%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
AMBATURE
AMERICAN
SUPERCONDUCTOR
SUPERPOWER INC.
SIEMENS AG
SUMITOMO ELECTRIC
INDUSTRIES
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
SUPERCONDUCTOR
TECHNOLOGIES
HYPRES INC.
NEXANS
HITACHI LTD.
AMERICAN MAGNETICS
NEOCERA INC.
OXFORD
SUPERCONDUCTING
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
9
IP Portfolio Structure Patent Claims
Hierarchical Patent Portfolio provides multiple concurrent licensing opportunities
and substantial protection.
• Ambature’s 200 Patents are filed with over 3,000 Claims (20% Sensors)
• Own more than 50% of the total patents in Superconductivity(1)
(1) Source: USTPO, 2013
Core
materials
& methods
Film
Nanowire
Integrated
Circuits
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
a
n
d
G
r
i
d
Medical
Applications
R
o
t
a
t
i
n
g
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
H
i
g
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
Components
29
13
21
14
37
8
27
5
5 (+8)
Ambature Patents

10. JPL Validation
• Validation of results by JPL.
• Thin film YBa2Cu3O7 at 212K
with milliamps of current.
• JPL commitment to partner
with Ambature
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
10

11. Why Focus on Integrated
Circuits
• A JJ is to a SC circuit as a transistor is to a semi –
conductor (546 Claims in IC’s ) (176 Claims in
Transistors )
• Now starting to track JJ Count in applications
• D-Wave’s new quantum computer uses 128, 000 JJ’s
in its architecture
• MIT says the JJ architecture can deliver an IC that is
50-100 times more energy efficient and 500 times
faster than the current I- Phone 6 IC
• Ambature’s materials permit IC’s to be more densely
packed as materials can be placed closer together
(less heat)
s
Ambature
Confidential
11

12. Why Focus on Imaging
• Claims relate to better operating characteristics for magnets,
transmitters, receivers and circuitry (84 Claims in MRI) (113 Claims
in QUIDS)
• JJ is a better sensor or SQUID
• Radiology is critical to diagnostic success as 12% of all patient
referrals start with imaging (Frost &Sullivan)
• Patients also utilize imaging resources along the care pathway, more
testing to see if therapy is working
• Many FR Coils use 60 year old technology
• New 2017 decision support law will be the beginning of evidenced
based medicine
• More advanced technologies can lead to point of care
diagnostics/tele-radiology and disruption of the existing workflow
• Leads to better image capture before signal processing
• Our materials have held their integrity with no quenching of the
magnetic field above 9 Tesla
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
12

13. Why Focus Cell Phone Base
Stations
• Base stations act as a sort of traffic cop, permitting
certain calls on a given frequency and blocking others
(359 Claims in Filters)
• JJ is a better sensor so it is a superior filter
• CSRIO in Australia just used 20,000 JJ’s in a filter
application
• 500 B Infrastructure for 5G
• Enables more and better bandwidth – more calls,
clearer calls, less dropped calls
• More video for handheld devices
• Enables I of T
• Permits easier maintenance of poles as the equipment
can be at the bottom of the pole
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
13

14. Why Focus on Powders
• No known way to apply SC materials to large
irregular shapes such as a rotating drum
• Creates the Meissner Effect on the surface
• Applications is SC generators, paints and
extruded wires
• Josephson Tunneling in the powder/resin
composites
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
14

15. Business Strategy
• Partner with universities and laboratories on the
development of a superconducting ecosystem where we
own/license rights to the IP and control the science.
• Collaborate with industrial partners to make products.
• Develop and protect new IP both on our own and as a result
of both these partnerships.
• Cultivate analytics from the work product of these
partnerships establishing best practices and cross-industry
applications.
• Strategic M&A and Investment activity for IP related to the
field of superconductivity.
• Strategy published by University of Texas at Austin
Intellectual Property Journal in 2015
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
15

16. Business/Revenue Model
Ambature has a very capital-efficient business model
that is easily scalable as our product is a license
agreement.
• Licensing of core materials (i.e., A-axis materials), processes,
knowledge and associated IP to customers.
• License the know-how and specific IP for a selected set of
high-value product applications.
• License the data analytics and best practices that results from
the above and use it as a continuous feedback loop for more
patents and IP.
• Delivery is done via direct licensing negotiations with larger
players , channel OEM licensing and our e-commerce website.
• High margin recurring revenue as much of our SG&A and
COGS are passed on to our partners or customers.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
16

17. Appendix
2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
17

18. 1. Processors
Value created
1) 3 to 5 x faster at ⅓ the power.
2) Or 1/20th power for the same
performance.
3) Eliminates skews allowing for
unlimited multi-core architecture.
4) 30% more processing space
through elimination of buffers,
clock circuitry.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
18

19. 2. Medical – Sensors
Value created
1) Portable sensors 100-1000X
more sensitive with ATS.
2) Puts MRI, MCG* & MEG* in the
Doctor’s office.
3) Neural impulse control – the
ultimate HID.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
19
*MagnetoCardioGram, MagnetoEncephaloGram

20. 3. Cell Towers - Infrastructure
Value created
1) Cuts interference in half.
2) Allows 50% more channels.
3) Increased coverage= half the
dropped calls.
4) 5X the sensitivity.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
20

21. 4. Generators
Value created
1) 60% reduction in
power loses.
2) ⅓ to ½ the weight &
size for same rating.
3) 98% efficiency.
4) Lower life-cycle costs.
5) Weight size of Nacelle
in wind tower.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
21

22. 5. Energy Storage
Value created
Super Capacitor Storage
• Increase lattice alignment
• Greater size and power yield
SMES (Superconductive Magnetic
Energy Storage)
• A-axis films enables commercial
development
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
22

23. 2/28/2021
Ambature
Confidential
23
5. Battery Storage -
continued

24. 6. Motors
Value created
1) 60% reduction in
power losses.
2) ½ the size & weight
for same rating.
3) 10x broader
operating range at
peak efficiency.
Market Size – $400B
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
24

25. 7. DC - Micro grids
Value created
1) Eliminate multiple
conversion steps.
2) 40% reduction on
conversion losses.
3) Solar Cell to Battery
to Server architecture
possible.
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
25

26. 8. Power Electronics
Value created
1) Half the system power
losses [Less Resistance].
2) Saves 275 kW in a typical
5.5 MW data center.
3) Saves 250 kW in a 5 MW
PV micro-inverter array.
Market Size – $ 50B
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
26

27. 9. MEMS
Value created
1) Signal to noise ratio
increased 100X.
2) Power consumption
reduced 4X.
3) Temperature coefficient
improved 50X.
4) Processed real-time
measurements.
Market Size – $10B
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
27

28. 10. IC’s - Packaging
Value created
1) 3D integration.
2) 50% reduction in power
losses.
3) 15% fewer active devices.
4) Practical mixed technology
integration.
Market Size – $30B
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
28

29. 11. Transformers
Value created
1) Half the size and weight of
conventional transformers.
2) Intrinsically overload
protected.
3) Indoor installation – no oil
requirement.
4) 1% efficiency improvement
= $M+ over lifetime of
transformer.
Market size – $36B
2/28/2021
Ambature
Proprietary
&
Confidential
29