Essay On Research Methods

Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that

home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I
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Research Methods
Psychological Factors Heather Mingee Research Methods Week 10 Assignment 2 Instructor
Joseph Davis Psychological Factors The scientific method is an organized way of figuring
something out and normally includes six parts (Galgas, 2014). The first step is to state my
purpose. For example, for this assignment, my purpose would be to examine the psychological
factors affecting how teenagers in an impoverished urban area spend their time outside of school.
Second is my research. For my assignment, I would find out as much information on the area as
possible. For example, I would talk to teachers to see what kind of after school programs are
available and I would talk to the community to find out what kind of community programs are...show
more content...
A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no actual relationship between variables (Meenakshi,
2012). For example, my null hypothesis would state that there is no relationship between how much
free time a child has and how much legal trouble they get into. There are several reasons why it is
important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as
knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or
misrepresenting research data promote the truth and avoid error. Second, since research often
involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different
disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative
work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in
research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies,
and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect intellectual property interests while
encouraging collaboration. Most researchers want to receive credit for their contributions and do not
want to have their ideas stolen or disclosed prematurely. Third, many of the ethical norms help to
ensure that researchers can be held

This following chapter seeks to show how the research is to be carried out. It focuses on methods
/techniques to be used in conducting the research, the logic behind the methods employed, and
justifications for each of the approaches/techniques. It focuses on the different ways of gathering
information and data. A review of the literature reviewed in chapter two has helped to determine the
types of methodology that are suitable for this study. In addition this chapter brings out the sampling
methods that have been adopted, the research design, as well as justification for the use of other
research methodology adopted. 3.1 Research design Burns et al (2010) describe the research design
to 3.2 Target population In research, population refers to all the subjects or candidates who are of
interest to the researcher. Best and Khan (1993) go further to say that population is any group of
individuals that have one or more characteristics in common that are of interest to the research. It in
this line of thinking that in this study the target population is the clients of all Microking Finance
branches in Zimbabwe. It is important to distinguish between the desired target population and the
defined target population. The desired target population is the population of interest to the research.
This research mainly targeted small business enterprises (which is the desired population), but
actually those that get their funding from Microking Finance (which forms the

Exploring A Research Method? Essay
Exploring a Research Method
Introduction
Seeking for explanations to an in–depth understanding of the nature of the life are commonly known
as the characteristics of humans in this universe. Therefore, always turn their concept into myth or
religion, whether these justifications and comprehensions were the possession of special chosen
people or available to all through some communication arrangement. There have been always
solutions to those who, what, when, where, and why questions. A great number of explanations
were supported with the evidence and were considered fact and others are need the time to probe
and become the knowledge. In the western world, organized religion surpassed myth and traditional
knowledge as the accepted belief, however, during the Enlightenment period science started to give
pressure on the orthodoxy belief as the path to end the truth. Nowadays, humans are believed to live
in a postmodern era where several of these ideas coexist (Mutch, 2013).
In educational approaches or paradigms worldwide, the researchers recognize the three major
educational approaches namely quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed methods. In
early 1980s, quantitative research was the commonly acknowledged research paradigms in scholastic
research, when the "paradigm wars" between advocates of quantity and quality research grasp a
first–hand peak (Guba, 1990; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998 in Christensen 2008, p.33).
The quantitative research approach

Essay on Research methods exam
Chapter 1: Introduction to research
1. Business research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific
problem, encountered in the work setting that needs a solution.
*a. T
b.F
2. Research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve specific problems
currently being experienced in an organization is called basic research.
a.T
*b. F
3. Research done chiefly to make a contribution to existing knowledge is called basic, fundamental,
or pure research.
*a.T
b.F
4. Applied research is not scientific in nature.
a. T
*b. F
5. Fundamental research has little practical relevance.
a. T
*b. F 6. Managers with knowledge of research have an...show more content...
a.T
*b. F
12. A disadvantage of engaging in an internal team to do the research project is that, in view of their
long tenure as internal consultants, the internal team may quite possibly fall into a stereotyped way
of looking at the organization and its problems.
*a.T
b. F
13. A disadvantage of engaging in an internal team to do the research project is that certain
organizational biases of the internal research team might in some instances make the п¬Ѓndings less
objective and consequently less scientific.
*a.T
b. F
14. An advantage of engaging in an external team to do the research project is that the external team

can draw on a wealth of experience from having worked with different types of organizations that
have had the same or similar types of problems.
*a.T
b. F
15. Ethics in business research refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior
while conducting research.
*a.T
b. F
16. Ethical conduct applies to the researchers who undertake the research, but not to the respondents
who provide them with the necessary data.
a.T
*b.F
17. The main distinction between applied and basic business research is that the former is
specifically aimed at solving a currently experienced problem, whereas the latter has the broader
objective of generating knowledge and understanding of phenomena and problems that occur in

Qualitative Research Methods Essay
Question 1 Compare and contrast the following qualitative research methods: case study,
phenomenological, and grounded theory. Synthesize the findings and determine which is best suited
to a study on your potential dissertation topic. Analyze the issues associated with sample selection,
validity, and bias in such a study.
Qualitative Research Methods
Introduction
It is common for researchers to compare qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative
methods originate from positivist and post– positivist research paradigms. Also, the methods
objectively examine statistical data to determine cause and affect and often use generalizable data.
There are various methods used in quantitative research such as surveys,...show more content...
Thus, this method gives a researcher an in–depth understanding of the participants' experiences using
qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study. Qualitative
research is subject to judgments about the data and synthesizes the findings using specialized
approaches such as experimental or non–experimental. Researchers often opt to use
non–experimental approaches in studies using surveys, interviews, observations, and case studies.
Even though an experimental approach is appropriate in quantitative research, it further enables
researchers to find answers and collect data (Bagozzi & Yi, 2012). This approach is unique in
its hypotheses and the study of behavior, making it valid and reliable. They are five types of
approaches to select within qualitative research: case study, ethnography, phenomenology,grounded
theory, and narrative research. Each research method is distinct in its approach towards inquiry
within the qualitative paradigm in terms of appearance, conditions, focus, and theories (Creswell,
1998). There are also similarities in these approaches such as characteristics and assumptions
concerning the context of the study. This research evaluates each approach and determines that the
phenomenology method is best suited for the study of women in leadership and the challenges they
face climbing the

Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay
Survey research methods are one of the most widely used research methods in education. This
non–experimental, quantitative research design is most often used to gather information about the
subject's attitude, beliefs, opinions, or similar types of information (McMillian & Schumacher,
2010). With this method, the researcher selects a sample of subjects and either administers a
questionnaire or conducts interviews to collect data from the subjects.
There are several benefits to using surveys in educational research. First of all, the researcher can
gather information from a small group of subjects (the sample), but apply the results to a larger
number of people (the population). Additionally, many educational researchers choose survey
methods because of the versatility, efficiency and generalizability that surveys provide (Schutt,
1996). Surveys are versatile, because they have been used in many different areas of educational
research. They are also very cost–efficient and, for the most part, do not require the time that most
other methods do. This makes them popular among researchers. As previously mentioned, the
researcher can gather data from a small group of subjects instead of the entire population, but
generalize the results to the population. This, in itself, is a huge benefit when sample generalizability
is a goal.
Important Considerations for Survey Research Design
Although survey research design is the most widely used in educational research, it is not the only

The Importance Of Research Methods In Research
Two hundred and eight participants will be recruited from one regional secondary school college
in Melbourne, Australia. The age of the respondents will range between 11 and 17 (average age of
14.53). The students will be separated in three groups according to their school year (first, third, and
fifth year) for data collection. Although there will be a significant difference regarding the age group
means, there will not be a significant difference with respect to the gender within the age groups or
for the whole group. By selecting participants from the same environment, and comparing results in
accordance to age with no significant differences in gender, individual characteristics will thus be
minimized. Upon the receipt of consent on...show more content...
The other 4 will measure the physiological response (0 representing "none" to 4 representing
"extremely") when anticipating social situations. A total score of fear, avoidance and physiology
will be obtained ranging from 0 to 72 as the maximum. Higher scores are associated with high level
of SA. As suggested by the BSPS, any score above 20 will be considered as socially anxious. This
questionnaire has been proved to be a reliable, valid and sensitive measure (Davidson, Miner, et al.,
1997). Self–esteem will be measured using the Rosenberg Self–Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg,
1965). The questionnaire consists of 10 items about the self, equally positively and negatively
worded, each ranked on a four–point scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree).
When added up, the score can range from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate a higher level of
self–esteem. Scores between 15–25 are evaluated as normal, and scores below 15 represent low
self–esteem. The RSES has proved to be reliable and valid to assess explicit global self–worth
(Gray–Little et al., 1997). Social skills will be measured using the Social Skills Rating Scale
(SSRS; Gresham & Elliott, 1990). This norm–referenced test assesses Social Skills and Problem
Behaviors. The present study will use the student (secondary, grades 7–12) and the parent version
(SSRS–Parent). The student version consists of

Mba
MBA TAKE HOME ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON RESEARCH METHODS 1.
Identify the most appropriate study design for the research proposal you are Planning to develop. A
study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret
observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various
stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy
employed. A study type can be non–interventional that is 'observational' where a researcher just
observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non–interventional
study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be...show more
content...
Having already identified the non–intervention study type as the most appropriate study type for my
research proposal, I will also employ the use of a descriptive study design to explore the current
patterns of policies and strategies concerning employee empowerment in Merchant Bank Ghana
Limited. 2. Describe the various data collection techniques and state their uses and limitations. Data
Collection is a vital aspect of any type of research study. Erroneous data collection can impact the
results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact
evaluation vary along a scale. At the one end of this scale are quantitative methods and at the other
end of the scale are Qualitative methods for data collection. Choosing a particular data collection
method will depend on the accuracy of information they will yield and the practical considerations,
such as, the need for personnel, time, equipment and other facilities, in relation to what is available
Quantitative Collection Methods Quantitative data collection involves the use of numbers to assess
information. This information can then be evaluated using statistical analysis which offers
researchers the opportunity to dig deeper into the data and look for greater meaning. The
Quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection
instruments that fit varied experiences

Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using
secondary data collected by the communication agency, MESH Planning. The agency developed an
innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data
collection. And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in
order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will start with a comparison of three
possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time
experience tracking. And then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by
a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more content...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these
interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective data, respondents answered the questions by
their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the
quality of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and
some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003). The third approach considered in this
study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to
record 360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data
collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire to collect information about brand health
and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception
after brand encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection
is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are asked to send SMS message to report
any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these
experiences (Willis et al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be
sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach offers a holistic view to
track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach
enabled to identify a

Research Methods
Introduction of research and research methods
What is research method? As a matter of fact, according to Saundra et al. (2003), the term method
in the entire research process or project can be considered as tool or technique which help
researcher obtain, collect and analyze data or different types of information. To be more specific,
Saundra et al. (2003) point out that in order to fulfill different research projects and objectives,
couples of methods have to be properly utilized, in this case, these approaches usually include
questionnaire, observation and interviews. What is the nature of research? Saundra et al. (2003)
argued that the genuine research should be defined as a project that the outcomes or objectives can
be obtained and...show more content...
The quantitative data is usually collected from number or numerical data such as ration or frequency
rate, on the contrary, the qualitative data is acquired from non–standardized recording. The
quantitative data can be visualized through different graphics such as table, diagram. The qualitative
data, however can be demonstrated through statement and conceptualization.
Introduction and review of research project and research process
The research project is about the use the catering facility in catering outlets in city campus of SHU.
In order to achieve the research task and objectives, the researcher was mainly using three research
methods–observation, interview and questionnaire in terms of collecting relevant data and statistics.
Observation
The researcher chose the use of catering facility as the observation topic and set the observation
place at one of catering outlet which is in the first floor of Furnival Building and a detailed record of
the entire observation was made, The time span of this observation is about 15 minute and the time
when this observation was undertaken is in afternoon. The final data that derived from observation
is quantitative–based data and more concerned with the frequency of each action and behavior.
According to Saunders et al. (2003), there are two types of observation and each of them is
responsible for collecting different types of

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow
a process system that involved defining a principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research
often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in
comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects;
Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects
view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict
hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem
by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a
problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is
holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to
specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research
"is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a
holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a
natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative
research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers
evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged
by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and
transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent
researcher bias they can have other researchers point out

Essay on Research Methods
(Zikmund, 2003) states that exploratory research should be used to clarify ambiguous problems.
Management may have discovered general problems but research is needed to gain better
understanding of the dimensions of the problems.
This study aims at exploring and delving into the underlying factors of why organisations struggle
to attract and retain talent using the employer brand. The challenges of talent management are well
known and are applicable to all players, there is a possibility that other drivers are at play and
therefore warrant the need to explore.
(Leedy & Ormond, 2005) asserts that qualitative research answers the questions we cannot skim
across the surface. They focus on phenomena that occur in natural settings – the...show more
content...
The ultimate goal is to learn about a large population by surveying a sample of that population.
In order to gain additional insights into the conceptual framework and to further clarify the concepts
and effects anticipated in literature, a preliminary research in the form of semi–structured, in–depth
interviews will be undertaken. A semi structured interview allows the researcher to follow standard
questions with one or more individually tailored questions to get clarification or probe a person's
reasoning. Respondents will be current employees of a SA financial institution. The semi structured
in–depth interviews will be undertaken to provide detailed insights into the nature of each concept,
and to assist in the development of a relevant framework.
3 focus groups interviews comprising of 8 – 10 people will be conducted with current employees.
The semi structured in–depth interview will be conducted on site (at the bank), using open ended
questions and data and responses will be captured using a recording device. The respondents will be
recruited through a referral based convenience sample utilising a snowballing technique. Current
employees are chosen because they were once engaged with the recruitment process and are still
engaged with the retention process, allowing them to provide informed comments on the topic at
hand. In

Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that
meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research design must be chosen from a given
population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random
sampling and convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in
carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the
population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and
many other factors necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality
data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of
identifying the samples for research, the representativeness it possesses to the general population, the
methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the selection
of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero
chance of being selected on a probability ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of
the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non probability
sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's
judgement, the researcher decides the samples to be included in the study which may be subject to
availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular sampling
unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative
researches. When the samples reflect the characteristics of the target population in the same
proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but
sampling error

Research methods Essay
Research method
To gain my secondary information I used such sources as the Internet, books and midwifery journals.
My secondary information will consist of the benefits of breast–feeding for the mother and baby, the
benefits of bottle–feeding for the mother and baby as well as statistics on breast–feeding. All
information that I have gained for my secondary data is all reliable, because it has come from
recommended sites, books and journals that have been approved from the Government or from
hospitals and doctors themselves.
There are many research methods used to gain information, but it is important to use the right one to
ensure that you get the best results possible.
One method that is used is experiment; this is where you play an...show more content...
The disadvantages are that it can be very time consuming, there is a possibility of you getting too
involved and losing your objective and that your findings may not be generalised because you are
only watching a selected few. The main reason I did not chose this as my research method is,
because I would not be allowed to be actively involved in a mother breast–feeding her child.
A structured interview is where you interview a person and ask set questions to them. The
advantages are it can be replicated easily with different people, because you have set questions,
the questions can be explained and the answer can be recorded. The disadvantages are the
interviewees may lie, the answers can lack depth and the choice of answers can be limited. I
chose not to do a structured interview because it is a small sample of answers and it is possible
that my social characteristics may influence the interviewees' answers. This is because I wish to
prove my hypothesis I may have an some of my characteristics may show that, such as the way I
speak or look at them when asking a question. This would leave my results as unreliable because I
personal effected them.
Another method of researching is an unstructured interview, which is where an interview is
conducted on the topic area and it has no set questions. The advantages are the topic is explored in
depth, you are able to explore

Essay on Understanding Research Methods
As part of my research methods assignment, I have been asked to carry out a reading to identify
and discuss different research methods in two different research studies and provide a critical and
literary review of the same articles. The first text is called "Women in the Boardroom: Symbols and
Substance?" .This paper proposes if women and minorities add a valuable new perspective that
results in an enhanced corporate performance. The second is called "Knife crime statistics". This
paper summarises the available statistics that relate to knife crime. To achieve a good grade, I have
been ask to complete five different tasks that consist in: identify and discuss the use of the seven
different methods, the strengths and weakness of three of...show more content...
I believe in the reliability of this information because it belongs to the Police and the Office for
National statistics. The information was up to date at the moment of its publication but we miss a
year from 2012 to 2013 so that gap would make the information invalid and out to date. Secondary:
is second–hand information or the interpretation of information. I found an example of Secondary
research in the article Women on the Boardroom, page 8, lines 13–15. Despite that the content refers
to a primary research data; the information doesn't belong to the author, he used it to support a
statement and the information was evaluated later. According to this study there is no relationship
between board diversity and firm performance. This information was gathered by the examination
of 500 Danish companies. I think that the issue of low number of women in senior roles is not
about the talent it is about the gender. I believe in provide equal opportunities and the promotion
to people based on merit rather than on selection criteria that are based on quotas derived on the
gender and the way we look. However, I don't think these studies are fair because most of the
boards are construct by men, so the opinion obviously will be the same; no relation between
performance and gender, the only studies that offer different views are mix boards constructed by
males and females, minorities. I do not doubt of the

Qualitative Research On Research Methods Essay
This type of research methods involve describing in detail specific situation using research tools like
interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is
used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights
into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.
Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the
problem. Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi–structured techniques.
Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews, and
participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfill
a given quota. so it is useful for each and every methods.
Quantitative
This type of research methods requires quantifiable data involving numerical and statistical
explanations. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical
data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions,
behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population.
Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research.
Quantitative data collection methhelloys face–to–face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal
studies, website interceptors, online

Different Types Of Research Method Essay
There are two types of research method which are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative Research
is primarily exploratory research. For this research, qualitative method is using with the secondary
data to focus on industry perceptions because it's used to gain an understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations. The Last Planner workshops and seminars are designed to
introduce participants to the five elements of the Last Planner: All construction sites over the world
will need to decide the master scheduling for consider lean or not lean. Milestones are set and
strategy chosen (Koskenvesa and Koskela 104) with the help some key trades. The purpose of this
is to: пѓ Demonstrate the feasibility of completing the work within the available time пѓ Display
an execution strategy that can serve as a basic coordinating device пѓ Determine when long lead
items will be needed Pull Planning is a phase "carried out in collaboration between different teams
and subcontractors" and it "ensures that the best order of tasks is determined, and thus the risk of
unforeseen interference between tasks is diminished" (Koskenvesa and Koskela 104). It is means
that company should bring all the staff which is subcontractors, foreman, etc. to put all into a room
for pull a schedule backwards and identify any constraints. Phase scheduling is a collaborative
planning process, where the team: пѓ Defines a project phase or milestone пѓ Breaks it down into
constituent activities пѓ Schedules

Introduction
The qualitative and quantitative research methods are typically applied in the field of social
research. There has been a lot of debate on the relative advantages between the two designs among
researchers almost more than on any other issue of methodology. The quantitative research design
encompasses methods which focus on numbers, that is, quantities. The data collected in this design
is usually in numbers which are then analyzed using statistical and mechanical methods. This design
is highly associated with the field of science such as in practical done in a laboratory (Gall et al
2003). On the other hand, qualitative design normally uses words to explain wider concepts that
cannot be captured mathematically such as...show more content...
This research method seeks to experiment on certain issues upon which it seeks to come up with
universal generalizations (Timmons 2005).
Qualitative Method
Unlike in the previous method, this research method involves collecting, interpreting and analyzing
information by observing and listening to people. This method normally looks for meanings of
concepts. It attempts to seek description and characteristic of things including feelings, attitudes,
symbols and signs (Schostac 2006). This method is generally subjective and normally employs
purposeful sampling where specific respondents are targeted. The questions in this method are
generally open and the respondent is not limited to the kind of information that he can give. To
obtain relevant information, in depth interviews are normally conducted. The information obtained
in this method is assumed to reflect a reality on the ground since the method usually expresses results
based on the actual response generated by respondents.
Differences
One common difference between the two is that quantitative method is objective while qualitative is
subjective. This implies that the quantitative method attempts to come up with specific conclusions
based on their data finding. For instance, a study on abuse of drugs among 16 year olds in the US
may be concluded to say that 2 out of every 5 under 16's are exposed tom alcohol before they join
high school (Timmons, 2005). On the other hand,

Research Methods and Design Essays
Abstract
Using required reading, discussions, and quizzes for references, I have produced in this assignment
a scholarly document that addresses three topic areas: (a) philosophy of research, (b) core concept
for research design, and (c), other approaches to research. I assessed explicit knowledge–base
description of key concepts and questions related to the topic area. The purpose of this assignment
was to demonstrate necessary proficiency in identification, articulation, and application, of related
components characteristic of the social sciences.
According to Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle (2010), appliedresearch is research assessing the value
and efficacy of particular educational practices. The...show more content...
The philosophy of social research is therefore a component of the philosophy of social science, but
also an important subject area that reciprocally connect methodology and method (Williams, 2006).
Consequently, many philosophical ideals have been informed by other philosophical and theoretical
trends. For example, empirical research is described as studies in which a research question has been
examined by methodologically collecting and analyzing data. This section of the study describes the
persons or groups participating in the study and the methods used for the study. An initial review of
the literature included produces information on the variable and operational definitions that
quantitative research on the topic has analyzed as well as the meanings considered in qualitative
studies. Based on the reviews, the researcher formulates a research question that is further
differentiated and modified as the review of literature proceeds (Lodico, Spaulding & Voegtle, 2010).
In addition, empiricism embraces the idea that testing observation for veracity is central, and that
most knowledge is learned through observation and experience. Ultimately, this learned knowledge
leads to a series of interrogatory assumptions. The aforementioned process supports the idea that
empirical research informs quantitative research methodology. Consequently,

Essay On Research Methods

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