About danger of HCN in animals

1. SARAVANAN.G
BVN 11060
HCN POISONING

2. SOURCES
HCN content is high in plant& ingest
large amounts in short time
Accidental ingestion of KCN
Malicious

3. CYNOGENIC PLANTS
Nearly 120 plants
Common-Acacia leucophloea, Lotus,
Sorghum Vulgaris, Nerium oleander,
Zea mays, Sugarcane leaves,Tapioca
Plant containing >20mg of HCN/100 gm
is toxic

4. Acacia leucophloea

5. Lotus sp

6. Sorghum vulgaris

7. Nerium oleander

8. Zea mays

9. Sugarcane leaves

10. Tapioca leaves

11. SPECIES
Cattle and Buffaloes – common
Monogastric animals – Resistance due
to destruction of glycoside by gastric
acidity

12. FACTORS
Stage of growth of plants
Climatic Conditions
Soil composition
Use of fertilizers and weedicides
Processing of material

13. Cynogenic Glycosides
Linseed meal – Linamarin
Lotus - Lotaustralin or Lotusin
Sorghum - Dhurrin
Bitter almonds- Amygdalin

14. CAUSE OF DEATH
 Death is due to Cytotoxic Anoxia not
due to Histotoxic hypoxia as thought
earlier

15. CLINICAL EVIDENCE
Per acute case – Death with in 10 mins
Most of the cases are untreated
If the animal consumes large quantities of
plant it dies within few minutes.

16. ACUTE CASE
 Excitement,
 Staggering,
 Muscle tremor,
 Dyspnea, hyperaesthesia,
 Hypersalivation,
 Bright red mucosa,
 Dilatation of pupil,
 Nystagmus,
 Convulsion
 Bloat

17. CHRONIC CASE
Sometimes observed in Horses and
Cattle.
Urinary incontinence, Loss of hair are
the clinical signs but not proved

18. PM LESIONS
Haemorrhages
Unclotted blood and Bright red colour
Bitter almond smell – stomach
Lab analysis of Stomach, Liver, Muscles
reveals presence of HCN

19. DIAGNOSIS
 History and Clininal Signs
Picric acid paper test

20. PICRIC ACID PAPER TEST
FORMATION OF PICRIC ACID PAPER
 Add 5gm sodium carbonate & 0.5gm picric acid in
100 ml distilled water.
 Cut the filter paper in required size
 Immerse the filter paper in above solution for 1 hr
an then dry it

21. PROCEDURE
Take 1 ml of test solution in a test
tube & add water and chloroform
Hang the filter paper above the test
tube and heat the test tube
After 3 to 4 min If the colour of the
paper changes from yellow to brown or
orange it indicates positive reaction

22. DD
Nitrate/Nitrite poisoning
Nacl poisoning
CO2 poisoning
CO poisoning

23. TREATMENT
PER KG BODY WT
Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)- 660 mg
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) -20 mg
Safest drug : Sodium thiosulphate

24. THANK YOU