This gives the background n context of qualitative research. It also gives details of the unique features of data, its sources and especially how to prepare research proposal for qualitative research. The presentation ends with what qualities and needed in qual researcher as well as qual research guide and what qual research means to the author.

1. Qualitative Research:
Concept and Proposal
Dr Madhavi Dharankar
Associate Professor,
Department of Educational Technology,
SNDT Women’s University, Mumbai

2. Philosophical Assumptions
behind Research
Ontological: What is the nature of reality?
Epistemological: What counts as knowledge?
How are knowledge claims justified? What is the
relationship between the researcher and what is
being researched?
Axiological: What is the role of values?
Methodological: What is the process of
research? What is the language of research?
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Ref: Creswell (2013)

3. Interpretive Frameworks for
Qual Approach
 Post-positivism
 Social constructivism
 Transformative / Post-modern
perspectives
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Ref: Creswell (2013)

4. Qualitative Approach to
Research
Describing cake / muffins
There are 3
muffins
Cake is soft,
porous and
tasty.
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5. Common Characteristics of
Qual Approach
 Natural setting
 Researcher as a key
instrument
 Multiple methods
 Complex reasoning
through inductive
and deductive logic
 Participants
meanings
 Emergent design
 Reflexivity
 Holistic account
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Ref: Creswell (2013)

6. Typical Focus of Questions in
Qual Research
Quan
 What
 Who
 How many
 When
 Where
Qual
 How
 Why
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7. Essence of Studying Qual
way
emotions
Perceptions
Processes
Interactions
Deliberations
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8. When to use Qual Research
 Complex detailed understanding of the
issue
 Empower individuals (through sharing their
stories)
 Explain the mechanisms or linkages in
causal theories and models
 Develop theories
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9. Skills and Abilities for Qual
Researcher
Aptitude for
listening with
intention
Ability to
establish rapport
quickly
Intuitiveness
Commit to
extensive time
Iterate in the
moment
Think and
articulate both
big and small
Articulate the
findings
Democratically
represent the
consumer
Engage in
complex, time-
consuming
process of data
analysis
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10. Some Unique Features of
Research Proposal for Qual
Studies
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11. Differentiating Approaches
in Qual research
 Portrait individual/s …. Narrative Study
 Culture-sharing group …. Ethnography
 A phenomenon …. Phenomenology
 A case .… Case study
 A theory …. Grounded theory
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12. Selection of an Approach
within Qual Research
 The audience question: What approach is frequently used
by the gate-keepers in your field?
 The background question: What training do you have in
inquiry approach?
 The scholarly literature question: What is needed as
contributing to the scholarly literature in your field?
 The personal approach question: What are you more
comfortable with?
 More structured approach to story-telling: narrative,
ethnography
 a firmer, well-defined approach: Grounded theory
 A flexible approach: Case study, phenomenology
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13. Forms of Qual Data
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Text – diary, documents, descriptions, narrations
Photographs
Visuals – concept maps, drawings, infographs
Video recording
Audio recording
Actual work by participants (artifacts)

14. Sources of Qual Data
Interview
(focus group,
one-to-one)
Observations Field notes
Collection of
work done by
the participants
Case studies
Longitudinal
studies
Record keeping
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15. Some Changes in Pointers in
Proposal for Qual Research
 Construct (in place of variable)
 Research questions (in place of objectives-hypotheses)
 Participants (in place of sample)
 Sources of data (in place of tools for data collection)
 Nature of data (in place of nominal/ ordinal/ interval/ ratio)
 Data triangulation
 Ethical considerations
 Validation of findings
 Tentative visual form/ plan of reporting of findings
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16. Qualities Needed for
Qualitative Research
Guide
 Patience
 Readiness to learn, to discuss
 Tolerance for MESS
 Openness of mind
 Attitude to give FREEDOM to
student
Researcher
 Readiness to
 academic deliberations – ask,
argue, counter-argue
 work in SYSTEMATISED MESS
 Do, re-do, re-re-do, re-re-re-do,
…
 Ability to
 Play with language
 Celebrate the failure
 ENJOY the non-linear process

17. Qualitative Approach is about
 Hard work, hard work and hard work
 Process of
 Blooming
 Evolution
 Enjoying your favorite dish
 Contentment
 Empathy
 Spiritual experience

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