TRAUMATOLOGY OF LOWER LIMB WITH MECHANISM OF INJURY, CLASSIFICATION, RADIOLOGY, NON OPERATIVE/ OPERATIVE TREATMENT, POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

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“failing to plan is planning to fail.”
Quick review of orthopaedics
By dr. d. p. swami
Part 2- lower limb fractures

2. Typically, the involved leg is fore shortened and excessively rotated, either externally
rotated in an anterior dislocation or internally rotated in posterior dislocations.
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4. • The key to the diagnosis on the plain AP pelvis is
the loss of congruence of the femoral head with the
roof of the acetabulum.
• On a true AP view, the head will appear larger than
the contralateral head if the dislocation is anterior
and smaller if posterior.
• Most common finding, in case of a posterior
dislocation, is a small head that is overlapping the
roof of acetabulum.
• In an anterior dislocation, the head may appear
medial to or inferior to the acetabulum.
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27. Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft
Fractures
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58. The supracondylar area of the femur is defined as the zone between the femoral condyles and
the junction of the metaphysis with the femoral diaphysis. This comprises approximately the
distal 15 cm of the femur, as measured from articular surface.
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60. • Malalignment of greater than 5 to 10 degrees
is likely to affect knee mechanics and gait.
• Increased varus or valgus may lead to
overloading of the joint and subsequent
arthrosis of the medial or lateral
compartment, respectively.
• Flexion–extension, rotational deformity, or
shortening may affect gait
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68. the patient’s ability to extend the knee does not rule out a patella
fracture, but rather it suggests that the continuity of the extensor
mechanism is maintained via an intact retinacular sleeve.
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117. • The screw should be positioned 2 to 3 cm proximal
to the tibial plafond, directedparallel to the joint
surface, and angled 30 degrees anteriorly so that it is
perpendicular to the tibiofibular joint.
If the screw is placed too far proximally, it may
deform the fibula and cause the mortise to widen.
If the screw is not parallel to the joint, the fibula may
shift proximally.
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