1. The Impacts of Schooling/Literacy on A Range of Outcomes for
Individuals Beyond Standard Labor Market Outcomes
(a) Key labor market outcomes
 Labor force attachment
 Employment, unemployment; underemployment
 Wages
 Annual earnings; how academic skills influence the changing returns to education
 College labor market outcomes
 Ability to gain access to CLM jobs
 Earnings from jobs obtained
 Satisfaction with jobs
 Job satisfaction
 Training from employers, especially formal and apprenticeship
 Job loss during recessions; recovery from loss
(b) Fiscal impacts of better schooling/higher literacy/numeracy
 Tax outcomes
 Cash and in-kind transfers
 Incarceration costs; other institutionalization

2. Continued
(c) Civic outcomes
• Voting; impacts in individual elections, over time; direct and indirect effects of
literacy and schooling
• Volunteering; any, types, incidence
• Other civic engagement activities
• International comparisons
(d) Social outcomes
• Marriage, stability of marriage
• Parenting out-of-wedlock; mothering/fathering behavior
• Child raising behavior; impacts on well being of children
(e) Criminal Justice Behavior
• Incarceration status (point in time)
• Incidence of being jailed over time
• Consequences of being jailed on education, employment, earnings, marriage

3. Continued
(f) Impact of Human Capital on Health Behavior and Status
• Perceived health status
• Mental health status; mental depression
• Impact of education and health literacy on health behavior
• Disability status
• Suicidal thoughts, plans, actions
• Life expectancy
• Mortality rates
• Impacts of health on test scores, educational attainment, labor force participation,
earnings
(g) Impacts of education/literacy on marriage; who marries whom – assortative mating;
the distribution of earnings and incomes among younger families in the U.S.; the
wealth distribution among younger families

4. Continued
(h) Satisfaction with life in general; evidence from U.S. and abroad… how does
education influence happiness both directly and indirectly; does literacy influence
happiness; how does it do so both directly and indirectly (through earnings, material
well being, health, family stability)
Sources: International happiness surveys; (PEW); NLS 97; GSS surveys
(i) Impact of literacy/numeracy on educational attainment/skill acquisition
• High school graduation
• College enrollment
• College graduation
• Types of majors
• Types of training on job and off job from employers