English complex grammar

1. ENGLISH COMPLEX GRAMMAR
UNIVERSITY OF TRIATMA MULYA
LECTURER: RUDI RAHMAN,S.PD.,M.LI
NAME : NDIAWA TONDA MBITU
NIM : 189320302
REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES
TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL
PHRASES

2. 1. Introduction
2. Changing time clauses to modifying adverbial phrases
3. Expressing the idea “of during the same time” in modifying
adverbial phrases
4. Expressing cause and effection in modifying adverbial phrases
5. Using upon +-ing in modifying adverbial phrases
Reduction of adverb clauses of
modifying adverbial phrases :

3. Intirduction:
a. Adverb clause: While i was walking to class, i ran into an old friend.
b. Modifying phrase: While walking to class, i ran into an old friend.
c. Change possible: While i was sitting in class, i fell asleep.
d. No change possible: While the teacher was lecturing to the class, i fell asleep.
e. While watching tv last night, the phone rang.

4. Changing time clauses to modifying adverbial phrases:
Adverb clause beginning with after, before, while, and since can be
changed to modifying adverbial phrases.
a.Clause: After finished his homework, peter went to bed.
b. Peter went to bed after finishing his homework.

5. Expressing the idea “of during the same time” in modifying
adverbial phrase:
Sometimes while is omitted but the-ing phrase at the beginning of the
sentence gives the same meaning.
Ex: While i was walking down the street, i ran into an old friend.
While walking down the street, i ran into an old friend.
Hiking through the woods yesterday, we saw a bear.

6. Expressing cause and effection in modifying adverbial phrases:
Often an –ing phrase at the beginning of a sentence gives the meaning of
“because”. Because is not included in a modifying. But the resulting
phrase expresses a cause an effect relationship.
Ex: Because she needed some money to buy a book, Sue cashed a check.
Having + past participle gives the meaning not only of “because” but also
of”Before”.
Ex: Having seen that movie before, i don’t want to go again.

7. Using upon+-ing in modifying adverbial phrases:
modifying adverbial phrases beginning with upon+-ing usually have the
same meaning as adverb clauses introduced by when.
Ex: When i reached the age of 21, i received my inheritance.
Upon can be shortened to on.
Ex: On reaching the age of 21, i received my inheritance.

8. THANK YOU