Criminal Investigation Summary Report

Criminal Investigation Summary
On August 31, 2015, this investigator was assigned an internal investigation to review the Special
Investigations Unit (SIU) domestic violence investigation and arrest of Officer Johnn "Jason" Scott
from an August 26, 2015, incident at his house at 6140 S. Franklin Rd. in Marion County. The
allegation is Officer Scott strangled Lola "Courtney" Everette during a domestic dispute. The
officer's actions scratched, bruised and caused pain to Ms. Everette's neck. There were four juveniles
(Aubrey Everett – 16, Jason Scott – 17, Bryanna Fields – 8, and Carly Fields – 6) in the house
during the altercation. Below is a synopsis of SIU Sergeant John Green's probable cause that led to
three criminal charges filed against Officer Scott. The charges were: Strangulation as a Level 6
Felony; Domestic Battery as a Level 6 Felony; and Battery Resulting in Bodily Injury as a Class A
Misdemeanor. On August 26, 2015, at 3:51 a.m., Officer Greg Bowels and Lieutenant Steven
Ferklic responded to 6140 S. Franklin Rd. on a report of a domestic disturbance involving IMPD
Officer Johnn "Jason" Scott. Once on the scene, Lieutenant Ferklic learned Officer Scott and his
live–in girlfriend Lola "Courtney" Everette had been involved in an altercation ... Show more
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Officer Scott immediately volunteered a statement to the detective without any questions being
asked of him. Officer Scott stated he was lying in his bed asleep in the master bedroom when he
heard Ms. Everette arriving home between 3:00 to 3:30 a.m. from Brad's Brass Flamingo adult
entertainment business on Southeastern Ave., where she waitresses. Officer Scott said Ms. Everette
was intoxicated when she came into their bedroom. Officer Scott stated Ms. Everette got into the
bed and lit a cigarette. Officer Scott said he asked her, "Are you really going to do that in the
bed...don't you hear me
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Criminal Investigation Research Paper
Several investigation agencies adopt different investigation techniques for every crime committed.
However, these investigative techniques follow four major stages in criminal investigation which
include;
1. Preliminary Investigation
Preliminary investigation involves the collection of information from the victims or witnesses of the
crime. This is always the first step to a crime response and is usually done by the patrol officer.
These preliminary investigations are aimed at collecting information sufficient to apprehend the
suspects as well as preserve the crime scene for more investigation. (Weinreb, 1977).
Preliminary investigation involves the following activities
i. Observing the conditions and events that lead to the crime. ii. Securing ... Show more content on
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Follow up interviews and interrogations iii. Review of police department records iv. Preparations for
court presentation and
v. Conducting searches alongside assistance in prosecution
3. Reconstruction of the crime
The main goal of reconstruction of crime scene is to apply deductive and inductive reasoning,
scientific methods and their inter relations to obtain more information about the crime committed.
These stages also give allow time for the public to share their views on the case. (Lyman, 2001).
4. Focus of the investigation
This is the fourth and last stage of the criminal investigation. This stage directs focus on one suspect.
Here, the burden of proof is directed towards proving that the suspect is guilt of the offence or the
crime. A very key part of this step is compilation of final information regarding the suspect charged
of the crime. (Greenwood & Petersilia, 1975).
Challenges in each of the four steps
Preliminary investigation
Some of the challenges faced in this stage include
i. Inability to assess the reliability of witness or victims statements. ii. Some statements from the
victims may offer conflicting information.
Continuing investigation
This is the second stage that may suffer the following

Forensic Bias In Criminal Investigations
Within the recently developed field of forensic psychology, research has been conducted to examine
the psychological effects of investigator bias on the criminal suspect. This heightened inclination to
confess to a crime regardless of guilt or innocence has been supported by Meissner and Kassin
(2004) who concluded that interrogators go into the interrogation room with the perceived notion
that the suspect is guilty, suggesting that the interrogator is simply working to achieve a
confirmatory hypothesis that guilt is the correct verdict. To further illuminate the extent of this issue,
Reed (2015) reported a study conducted by Michael Radelet and Hugo Bedau where they analyzed
three–hundred and fifty cases and found that forty–nine of them led

Criminal Investigation Process
Police officers and detectives play vital roles in the detection, investigation, and solving of crimes.
In order to effectively solve a crime, it is imperative that a series of procedural steps occur. It is
extremely crucial that the steps be completed in the proper order, never taking any time–saving
methods or skipping of steps. Furthermore, if steps in the investigation process are skipped or not
executed properly, your case has just been compromised, resulting in the possibility of an inaccurate
verdict or mistrial. Although each crime scene investigation has identical stages or steps required
during the investigation process that need to be completed, the nature of the crime and evidence
gathered will likely differ, resulting in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a series of steps that must be followed when questioning suspects. According to Crime
Scene Investigation, a legal guide for law enforcement, published in 2013, interviewing witnesses
promptly is detrimental to solving the crime. Witness should first be identified, detained, questioned
at the location of the scene if applicable, and then processed according to your department's
regulations. First off we must determine what type of encounter we are going to use as our approach
tactic. The three basic types of approaches are the consensual encounter, detention of the suspect, or
an automatic arrest. In the case at stake, I would perform an automatic arrest of the victim's
roommate, detaining him at the police station, for further questioning. Using the proper level of
approach is very important. We certainly don't want to have a consensual encounter with a
individual who we have suspected on murder charges, as this could allow them to tamper or even
destroy evidence that is vital to our case, or place us and others at risk for exposure to potentially
dangerous situations. A detrimental step that we must absolutely not forget to execute in our case
before questioning any suspects, is to notify them of their Miranda rights. These are referred to as
the Miranda rights due to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in 1966 in Miranda

Confidential Informants And Criminal Investigations
This chapter provides insight on controversial issues troubling the criminal justice system, such as
the use of confidential informants, three strikes laws, life without parole, and sex offenders, which is
no doubt relative to prison overcrowding in the United States. The most question raised is which
issue has been the most detrimental to this nation and should be eradicated immediately?
This question is relatively difficult for me to answer, because I think they equally contributed to the
prison overcrowding collectively. However, to pick one, I would choose "confidential informants
and war on drugs." Law enforcement agencies around the United States heavily depend on the use
of confidential informants when conducting criminal investigations.

Describe The Criminal Investigation Process
The procedure by which criminal conduct is investigated, arrests made, evidence gathered, charges
brought, defenses raised, trials conducted, sentences rendered, and punishment carried out.This is
the defintion of criminal justice. Too me it means that you pour your heart your mind into every caes
you go over the invesgation you look at every detail cause everything could protatine to the
case.The invesgatior must go over every detail he must have a keen eye.Gathering evedence is not
easy tracking all the leads is rogh long hours. You dont rest untill the find the truth..With the leads
some may end to dead ends so sometimes invegators have to go back and see if there a another
direction another road to take that they didn't see before.They have too look at every pices of
information and just like a puzzle the information will lead to the person or persons who commited
the crime.This is where the arrest are made then the person who the evidence thats been gather will
pile on top of them.Then comes the charges that will be bougth agaisnt the perparater.

Examples Of Wrongful Convictions In Criminal Investigation
This paper explores the topic of wrongful convictions and their relation to criminal investigation.
Wrongful convictions occur when victims are found guilty in criminal trials or plead guilty to
prevent a more serious punishment such as the death penalty or extensive prison sentencings. There
are many sources from real wrongfully convicted victims that explain why or how the justice system
failed them. Over the years, wrongful convictions has been a topic on the rise. Since the
implementation of the innocence movement, there have been and continue to be more exonerations
of wrongfully convicted individuals every year. Wrongful convictions are one of the most
controversial topics in the criminal justice system. A wrongfully convicted victim is one who was
falsely accused of a crime and who was found guilty in trial or plead guilty for various other
reasons. Some may ask how does a wrongful conviction happen? One study found that a few
reasons wrongful convictions may occur are because of disregard of proper procedure such as DNA
testing, witness misidentification, and false confessions (Hail–Jares, K., Lowrey–Kinberg, B., Dunn,
K., & Gould, J. B., 2017). A wrongful conviction can potentially ruin an individual's life in many
different ways and take precious time away from their years of life that they will never get back.
One case that brought wrongful convictions into the spotlight was Steven Avery. Avery was
convicted of sexual assault and attempted murder and was

Police Enforcement And Criminal Investigation Essay
Law enforcement, in some form, has existed for centuries and since its creation there has been
numerous improvements. Improvements have come about because of community changes and the
need for more effective ways of policing the people. As crimes became more fierce and complex so
did the need for the investigation and solving of these crimes. Criminal investigative techniques
were not just born from thin air, some thought and planning had to go into figuring out the proper
ways to go about doing things. Pioneers of the criminal justice and criminal investigation field such
as August Vollmer, Alphonse Bertillon, Edward Henry, and Edmond Locard have made superior
contributions to the development of criminal investigative techniques. These techniques have
impacted the way police operate today and set a substantial base for law enforcement to build on.
Alphonse Bertillon devised a system simply called, The Bertillon System. This was a first attempt at
criminal identification and was thought to be reliable and accurate. Bertillon developed an
anthropometric system of physical measurements of body parts, especially components of the head
and face. This system was used primarily to determine if a person in custody had committed a
previous crime. Archives of these records began to be compiled. A form of this system is still used
today, but we now call them "mugshots". (Bertillon System of Criminal Identification, 2011).
Although mugshots are still used today, anthropometry was

Anonymous Informant In Criminal Investigation
First is the identified citizen informant. This type of informant, i.e. an off–duty policeman, is
deemed the most reliable of the three and is highly–credited by the courts. Because of his or her
status and experience, a tip from someone who falls under this category may be highly reliable, and,
as such, "a strong showing as to other indicia of reliability may be unnecessary. The second class of
informants is the known informant from the criminal world who has provided previous reliable tips.
This informant has established a relationship with the authorities, both as a criminal and as a past
informant with accurate information and a willingness to cooperate. Because of this, law
enforcement tends to value these types of tips as somewhat reliable. ... Show more content on
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This type of informant is classified as the least reliable of the three. By itself, the information
provided is not sufficient to justify legal action. As stated in Adams v. Williams (1972), "when a tip
lacks an indicia of reliability, further investigation is required." Information is the currency that
criminal investigators deal in. Information is needed to solve crimes and lock up criminals.
Informants come from all different lifestyles so a good investigator wil try and understand the
informant. Meaning they will find out why they are willing to be an informant. Is it for revenge, or
freedom away from the situation and people involved, These type of informant know deeper
personal information and want to teach the person a lesson.
A mercenary informant will hold out until the reward is high enough before disclosing information.
There are also informants that like to be around police they are pretty harmless and just want to feel
important and be able to cop name drop. Entrapment Is Defined as Encouraging an Individual to
Perform an Activity They Normally Would Not(webster

Case Analysis : Criminal Investigation
Marco Cappitta P320 Case Study Paper I feel that this case was somewhat representative of what
was discussed in the textbook. The forensics aspects of this case were generally different from the
impression of forensics I received from reading the textbook. Despite this fact, I feel that the
investigative techniques of this case were similar to what was discussed in the textbook, as well as
what has been discussed during lecture. The body of this paper will examine the case of Pamela
Foddrill and compare what happened in that real criminal investigation to the theory of criminal
investigation discussed in our course textbook, Criminal Investigation: The Art and the Science. I
will first examine the forensics evidence and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foddrill was killed on August 18th, 1995. This was the same day that she disappeared. However,
when it became apparent that Wanda Hubbell was attending a funeral on that day police realized it
was not possible that Foddrill was killed the same day she was kidnapped. Investigators first
examined the body, but realized quickly that her body had decomposed significantly and that it had
been infested with insects. This led to them making the conclusion that it was not possible to make a
determination of time of death (Course Reader 79). This conclusion lines up with what the textbook
states about determining a time of death. The textbook lists many factors that can affect body
decomposition including temperature, rainfall, and humidity (Lyman 284). Obviously it would be
extremely difficult if not impossible for investigators to factor in all these variables given the fourth
months between when the body was dumped until it was found. This makes it clear that
investigators could not truly determine an exact time of death. A difference between the textbook
and the case that stuck out to me was the fact that the polygraph test taken by Roger Long was
allowed into evidence. During Roger Long's trial an FBI agent, William Warner, testified that he
asked Long a series of questions regarding the murder. Among those were if Roger Long was
responsible for Pamela Foddrill's murder and if he participated with anyone else in causing her
death. Warner stated that Long's

Investigation Of The Criminal Justice Essay
Introduction
The goal of this essay is to explicitly disclose the overview of the criminal justice, especially in
America. The result from the interview of one of the fractioned for instance, the attorney in the
criminal justice will be the cornerstone of this report. In this case, the Attorney's view about criminal
justice will be thoroughly analyzed and compared with other sources to bring out the bright image of
the criminal justice in America. The arguments of whether there is the efficient administration of the
criminal justice system, their methodologies, and how the future of the criminal judicial system will
look. Besides, comparison of the information from the attorney and the relevant materials useful in
this course will be analyzed and evaluated to produce an accurate report.
Background information on the attorney
Patrick Cafferty is practicing his profession in America with his central office in Washington DC
where he is a lawyer and a legal consultant. He has an embarrassment of experience in criminal
defense practicing it since 1990. His firms majorly defend people charged with either federal or state
criminal offenses all over Washington DC and continue to increase his market growth in other States
like Illinois and New York. He asserts that due to his established healthy, honest and interpersonal
relationship with judges and prosecutors has made him become one of the most famous attorneys in
America. Moreover, his areas of majors but not limited includes;

Essay about Dna in Criminal Investigation
Since its discovery in the 1980's, the application of DNA has been utilized in many ways. When
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA is examined, a precise decoding of genetic information is revealed.
With the exception of identical twins, every person's genetic code (commonly referred to as a
Genetic Fingerprint) is inherited and unique. From Maury advising men everyday on TV "You ARE
the Father!" or "You are NOT the Father!" to learning the descendents of former slaves are related to
President Thomas Jefferson, we have come to rely upon and expect the accuracy of DNA. DNA
almost immediately transformed the American Criminal Justice System. Law Enforcement, District
Attorneys, Defense Attorneys, Criminal Court and Family Court all work ... Show more content on
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The rape victims told police their attacker was about 160 pounds; Anthony Capozzi weighed over
200 pounds. Capozzi has a prominent three inch scar on his face, but none of the rape victims
reported their attacker had a scar. Despite this all three victims identified Anthony Capozzi as the
man who raped them. His case went to trial and he was convicted of two of the three rapes and
sentenced to 35 years in prison. The only identification evidence introduced at trial was that of the
victims. After he was convicted, Capozzi's attorney is quoted in the Washington Post as saying,
"Please don't take comfort in the fact that Anthony Capozzi has been convicted of these two crimes,
because he didn't do them. Don't feel that you can go running without company in Delaware Park."
Capozzi struggled with mental illness and served 15 years of his prison sentence in Central New
York Psychiatric Center. Capozzi maintained his innocence, and for the 22 years while he was
incarcerated his family never gave up hope. After Capozzi was incarcerated the rapes continued, and
the Bike Path Rapist became the Bike Path Killer. In addition to a continuing series of rapes in the
area, two University of Buffalo students and the wife of a University of Buffalo professor were all
murdered. A combination of old fashioned detective work and the science of DNA helped to solve a
case that has spanned over two decades and involved over twenty five victims. On

Criminal Profiler's Role In Criminal Investigation
A criminal profiler's goal is to help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and eye
witness reports not, to solve the crime for investigators.
Typically on television or in a movie, a scene opens with the camera slowly zooming in on a
gruesome crime scene. Then it widens to show a group of suited individuals with blue jackets that
say F.B.I. on the back. They are all pondering over a dead body or bodies. Upon discussion at the
crime scene they return to headquarters and share various photos and bagged evidence with a
criminal profiler. It is from here it all begins. The search. A criminal profiler is a professional that
studies behaviors and thoughts of criminals. They are responsible for evaluating the evidence and
coming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They all give viewers some insight into what a criminal profiler does. It shows us that almost 100%
of the time the profiler is correct. The profiler gives a clear image and description of the offender.
The police set forth on a manhunt to find, at the time, this imaginary person. All efforts go towards it
and by the end of the movie the killer or killers are caught. Reality is not that easy. Even with
criminal profiling there is no clear path leading to the offender at the end. The criminal profiler's
goal as mentioned in the beginning to help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and
eye witness reports, not to solve the crime for investigators. To do so they have developed methods
to try to help investigators zero in on the suspect such as organized/disorganized dichotomy and
classification schemes. In terms of time, criminal profiling is a very new field. When the field was
first created there was virtually no official scientific input. As the field expands psychologist and
psychiatrist adjust and fine tune what methods have already been established. The myth through
television and movies is that law enforcement is almost immediately supposed to know who the
offender is and have them arrested. The reality is that unless you are psychic or even the best
profiler it is next to impossible to know who you are

Criminal Investigation Research Paper
Ever wonder just how investigations are conducted? Or how detectives can figure out what seems to
be impossible? The answer is simple, it lies in the process of Criminal Investigation. Criminal
Investigations are used to find, analyze, and process evidence and information useful to the crime
scene. Criminal Investigations help solve crimes ranging from a simple B&E to even murder. On
television and shows such as, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Investigations are not always
accurate. Not only are shown inaccurately, but they also have top of the line technology and
accessibility, that many criminal investigators would not have. Contrary to what is seen on tv,
Criminal Investigation is not a simple act. Criminal Investigations have many different ... Show
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An example of finding evidence away from the scene would be impressions, or footprints (Types of
Crime Scene Information Page). The investigator of a conveyance crime scene must realize that
evidence can extend well beyond the crime scene. The investigator must follow leads they get from
evidence to find additional evidence. If the detective finds a DNA evidence at the scene, the
detective must follow the lead and obtain a search warrant to search the person and his or her
belongings. This is how evidence is found outside of the actual crime

The Connection Between Forensics And Criminal Investigations
There are a lot of different ways that criminal investigations and forensics connect. Forensics have
come a long way since the huge technology jump in even the last couple of years. A huge step
between forensics and criminal investigations are the on scene CSI investigators. They do both the
forensics and the investigation in some cases. But the big question is how these departments connect
in these cases. So what is the necessity of forensic identification? The necessity is in a criminal
investigation is there are a ton of suspects that you have to identify and rule out. There are a lot of
different ways to identify people with Crime scene investigators. The investigators will dust for
fingerprints and try to ID a suspect or suspects. The police gained broad powers to exchange
information with other agencies (pg136 forensic identification and criminal justice). This allowed
police to gain any information that would usually be disclosed. How do these connect, the reason
they connect is that the police get the fingerprints and they go into a huge database for ... Show more
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If one department does one thing to mess up evidence the investigation the next group that has to
work with that evidence will also do things the wrong way and potentially let a murder go
unpunished. That is why the departments on both sides have to do a chain of custody report ( A
report of who, what, and where evidence had been over the time of collection) of the evidence and
make sure everyone is on the same page. So forensics and criminal justice are just two very different
jobs and careers, they also have a lot in common and need each other to get the job done. This is not
only the reason they work together the reason is they need to be efficient to make sure things are
done right. That is is why that forensics and criminal justice are always going to be

Forensic Investigation On The Criminal Justice System
Forensic investigation is the application of scientific technology and procedures used in the
establishment and investigation of criminal evidence and facts that are to be analyzed and later used
in the criminal justice system. It is a broad field that encompasses major professional organizations
that helps in combating crimes through the provision of forensic labs where the analysis of
investigation is carried out. The forensic criminal investigation agencies are mandated with the
collection of evidence from crime scene and later analyze for use the criminal justice system.
However, there are forensic procedures used to collect and process the forensic evidence from
electronic devices. The procedures have to follow the fourth and Fifth ... Show more content on
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They have to consider whether the seizure violates the expectations of individual privacy. The team
has to vividly outline the reasons as to why they expect to get reliable information from the
electronics. They have to consider the extent by which the search violates the legitimate
expectations of the individual privacy.
The investigators should understand that the individual has expectation of privacy of the information
stored in these electronic devices. This validates the electronic devices to be treated as like a
briefcase. The fourth amendment prohibits the forensic investigator from accessing the information
stored in digital devices that would violate the individual's expectation of privacy. Actually, the
suspect has a reasonable expectation of privacy ass the devices are at his home. This will mean that
the investigators have to obtain a warrant of search before accessing the information stored in the
devices.
The Fifth Amendment prohibits the forensic investigator from forcing the suspect to provide any
information that is treated against him in court as evidence. The amendment provides the suspect
with individual privileges for against self–incrimination. Therefore, the investigator does not have to
force the suspect to provide them with the access the information contained in the electronic
devices. The suspect has the right to remain silent during and after

Investigation Of Criminal Justice And Corrections
Criminal Justice and Corrections
Staci Pribbenow
Kaplan University
Introduction
Criminal justice has been a passion of mine for many years. It wasn't until recently that I decided to
go back to school to obtain my master's degree in criminal justice. I have chosen to focus on the
field of corrections in the criminal justice system. I want to make a difference and help those
individuals that need help once being released from a prison setting. There are so many different
aspects of criminal justice and it is hard to focus on only one. Corrections is a great place to start in
criminal justice and my goal is to thrive in my new career field and be able to climb the corporate
ladder in criminal justice. I do believe that it is relevant to obtain my master's degree in criminal
justice to target a position in my desired career field.
Specialization
A key element of the graduate program at Kapan University is the option to be able to choose a
specialization in my chosen career field of criminal justice. I have chosen corrections as my
specialization. I believe that being able to choose a specialization, gives me that much more one on
one time with courses that are specifically designed to teach that particular specialization. I believe
this key element will help my future career in criminal justice because I will have had direct
teaching and learning on a specified part of criminal justice. I feel that I might have a better chance
of obtaining the

Criminal Investigation Book Eleventh Edition
According to the Criminal Investigation book Eleventh Edition. Burglary is the crime of breaking
and entering a house or other building belonging to another with the intent to commit a crime
therein. Burglaries are one of the more common crimes to which patrol officers respond. Someone
has returned home and found the doors open and their property missing. The police are called, and
an investigation starts. Officers should respond as if it has just occurred. Often it is the arrival of the
owner /resident which has caused the burglar to flee from the scene. Responding officers should be
aware that the suspect (s) may still be in the area, and be alert for suspicious person as they make
their way to the scene.
Upon arrival the Officer should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At burglary scenes this is often the area where the suspect gained entry into the premises, this is
called (The Point of Entry). The first thing which should be determined is: How and where was
entry gained? The most common methods are breaking a window or kicking in a door. If some other
method of entry is used, make note of it. Be sure to check all the doors and windows for signs of
forced entry often a burglar may try several doors or windows before finding one they can open.
Where did the suspect(s) go inside the scene? Are there any items missing or disturbed? Look along
the areas from the Point of Entry to the locations of the items. Fingerprints are one of the best forms
of evidence at any scene, and burglaries may offer many opportunities for locating prints. The
standard method of fingerprint a burglary scenes is with fingerprint kit. The fingerprint kit contains
a soft brush, light and dark colored powders and a roll of clear tape. Once developed the fingerprints
can be photographed and/or lifted with tape. The best advantages of fingerprints at crime scenes is
the computerized fingerprint database. Crime scene prints can be searched in the computer, and can
help locate suspects that may have been involved in the

Criminal Investigation Effectiveness
When it comes to the effectiveness of the American Criminal Justice System meeting its goals, I've
generally always had a good opinion about how effective the goals are met. There are some cases
that have happened in the past and some even more recently were I believe the goals were not met
effectively. For example, when the lead detective, Steve Thomas, was working the JonBenét
Ramsey case, the Ramsey's attorneys and others that were part of Team Ramsey did not want to help
Detective Thomas solve the case. In JonBenét: Inside the Ramsey Murder Investigation, Steve
Thomas states that, "FBI testing was delayed because Team Ramsey wanted their own people to
watch any such examination, which the FBI would not allow" (Thomas, Davis, 2000). I believe

Investigation Of The Criminal Justice Process
The criminal justice process begins with a report of violation of the law by a citizen or witnessed by
a police officer first hand. Then after it is investigated where the police officer is to come to the area
or scene of the incident to determine the extent and nature of the crime committed. Where
sometimes an arrest is made on the scene of the incident and statements of the witnesses or evidence
are taken to obtain evidence of the crime. In some cases there is a preliminary investigation where
the police conduct an investigation then after a secondary investigation is conducted by a team of
detectives. The purpose of these investigations is to protect the evidence in the crime committed to
obtain potential witnesses and to get substantial evidence against the criminal in court.
After the investigation a warrant is made and/or arrest where the offender is read their miranda
rights and asked if they understand these rights. "At the point of arrest, police are required to read a
suspect his or her Miranda rights, so named because of the 1966 Supreme Court case, Miranda v.
Arizona. Since this ruling, police have been required to read suspects their Constitutional
protections when an arrest occurs or is imminent. The Miranda warning reads:
"You have the right to remain silent. If you choose to give up this right, anything you do say can and
will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford
one, one will be appointed to you (The

Pursuing A Career In Criminal Investigations
There is a large variety of careers in this world. Each career out there offers something unique to the
individual who pursues it. A career may offer a good pay, or simply just the enjoyment of working.
Some careers out there that I find interesting are Criminal Investigators/Special Agents,
Detectives/Criminal Investigators and First–Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives. They are all
somewhat similar and fall into the same career field. They would all require a degree in Criminal
Justice, which is what I plan on getting my degree in.
A Criminal Investigator/ Special Agent is someone who Investigates alleged or suspected criminal
violations of Federal, state, or local laws to determine if evidence is sufficient to recommend
prosecution.

Role Of CSI In Criminal Investigation
A Crime Scene Investigator, or CSI, is a specially trained police officer, whose responsibility is to
collect and trace evidence from a crime scene. It uses a science known as forensics. Forensics uses
two broad types of evidence; testimonial evidence and real, or physical, evidence. Both play a major
role in the investigation process, and are vital to solving the crime. The CSI's role is to collect this
evidence and take it to the lab, where it is put through numerous tests. Documenting everything
found at the scene is also part of the CSI's job, as well as serving as an expert witness in court.
Throughout my research, it has become evident that CSI's part in the justice system is an important
one, henceforth the strenuous steps to becoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some basic equipment can include a ruler, cellophane tape, large and small forceps, test tubes and
corks, chalk, evidence tags, etc. It is also important to bring hand tools, safety equipment, masking
equipment, evidence packaging supplies, photographic equipment, fingerprint equipment, and blood
collection equipment (Fisher 459–62). Documentation of medical personnel or other first responders
should be done immediately. You should also document if anything has been altered with or moved
by these responders. The next step is to deny access to any unauthorized personnel and barricade the
area. When establishing your boundaries, you always want to block off a larger area where evidence
may be collected, then reduce the perimeter later if necessary. After the area is secured, the agent
initiates a preliminary assessment. This is called the "'Look but don't touch'" part of the investigation
(Fish et al. 46). The assessment is used to conduct a general theory of the scene and to allow the
medicolegal death investigator, the lead detective, and the CSI to develop a tactical plan of
investigation. Once the preliminary assessment is complete, it is time for the forensic photographer
to photograph the scene. As said by crime scene photographer Nick Marsh, "All evidence types have
to be recorded in a photographic mean, if you are going to present them in court. When you

Eyewitness Testimony In Criminal Investigation
Eyewitness testimony has been questioned regarding its accuracy. Discuss the usefulness of an
eyewitness in criminal investigations.
Eyewitness testimonies is evidence given by people who have witnessed an event, such as a robbery.
Eyewitness testimonies are useful as they can be used to help identify a criminal and lower the
amount of suspects who are included. Police and similar services can use eyewitnesses to narrow
down their searches by asking a series of questions about what they have witnessed and also what
they believe the suspect looked like, eyewitnesses can also help give information about the actual
crime itself and therefore give police more knowledge on the crime. The advantages of an
eyewitness are obvious, they can help give ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After watching the film they were asked questions about the film, 50 students were asked "how fast
were the car going when they hit each other?" another 50 were asked "how fast were the car going
when they smashed each other?" and the other 50 were asked no questions. One week later, without
the participants viewing the film again they were asked 10 questions, one of the questions which
were asked was a critical question and it was randomly placed in the list, they were asked "Did you
see any broken glass? Yes or no?" but there was no glass in the original film. The results were as

CSI Effect In Criminal Investigations
Over the last decade, the area of criminal investigation has dealt with the "CSI effect." The CSI
effect is defined as the fabrication of the process in which criminal investigations are carried out in
crime scene investigator television programs. The effect is described as not understanding the
purpose, characteristics, unrealistic expectations, and the processes of an investigator. Popular
programs like the CSI series have altered the public's perception of the criminal investigative
process and the role of the crime scene investigation.
Countless judges, attorneys, and journalists have claimed that watching criminal investigative
programs have caused jurors to set free guilty defendants when no scientific evidence has been
obtained. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a case study on the National Institute of Justice, "Scientific evidence of some kind is expected in
every case by 46% of the jurors, in murder cases by 74%, in assault cases by 43%, in rape cases by
73%, in breaking and entering cases by 49%, in theft cases by 38%, and in crimes involving a gun
by 55%. Fingerprint evidence is expected in every case by 36% of the jurors, in murder cases by
61%, in assault cases by 35%, in rape cases by 41%, in breaking and entering cases by 71%, in theft
cases by 59%, and in crimes involving a gun by 66%. Ballistics evidence is expected in every case
by 32% of the jurors, in murder cases by 62%, in assault cases by 23%, in rape cases by 18%, in
breaking and entering cases by 17%, in theft cases by 16%, and in crimes involving a gun by 77%.
DNA evidence is expected in every case by 22% of the jurors, in murder cases by 46%, in assault
cases by 28%, in rape cases by 73%, in breaking and entering cases by 18%, in theft cases by 12%,
and in crimes involving a gun by 17%." (Donald E. Shelton 2008) I agree that this is a legitimate
phenomenon because CSI shows are for entertainment and aren't obligated to be completely honest
in portraying the investigative

Similar Patterns Of Criminal Investigation
It is a guarantee that every American has watched or read something about a criminal investigation.
With so many popular shows, movies, and books all with the same basic plot, it is almost impossible
not to. Criminal Investigation stories are everywhere, including in a recent Disney movie where a
bunny must solve a seemly unsolvable case and catch the bad guy. The stories always follow a
similar pattern. The hero detectives invoke on a criminal investigation to solve a case, they collect
evidence and begin to solve the case piece by piece, and at the end, the case is solved and the
criminal is apprehended. All criminal investigation stories follow this similar pattern. Not all things
are shared but there is one thing that always is: the criminal. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Jay and Adnan were not close friends but they did hang out on occasion. In Episode 1 Sarah
explains Jay's story and its problems. Jay told the cops several different versions of his story, but the
main points could be figured out through Adnan's phone records on January 13, 1999, the day Hae
went missing (Ep.1 Timeline). Jay says he and Adnan had gone out shopping earlier in the day, and
during their shopping trip Adnan had said he was going to kill Hae. Jay claims he did not go to the
police because he did not take it seriously. Jay then drops Adnan off at school and Adnan leaves Jay
his phone and car. Jay claims Adnan did this so he could call him and Jay would come pick Adnan
up when he was done killing Hae. Jay says the 2:36 call to Adnan's phone was Adnan calling him
from a payphone at Best Buy saying, "That bitch is dead. Come and get me. I'm at Best Buy" (Ep.1).
However, in Episode 9, Sarah finds out that there was never a pay phone at Best Buy in 1999. Sarah
figures this out from a woman named Laura, "There's no. There was never any phones at Best Buy.
There were never any phones around Best Buy"(Ep.9). Laura says she used to steal CDs from Best
Buy and was very aware of the surroundings. Another thing was the Best Buy architectural plans
from 1994 (Ep.12 Best Buy Architectural). Sarah looked at the plans, "and indeed on the plans there
is a teeny tiny rectangle in the

Criminal Investigation: Start to Finish
I would like to let the readers know that my paper will be on my field of study. It is a great field to
be in. With criminal investigations, which is my field of study can be the detectives, field officers or
the crime scene technicians. The crime scene tech position is what I myself am going into. I believe
that there is always going to be crime with that they would need the crime scene techs and they go
out and process the crime scene without getting evidence and getting it process there as well not be a
case. What I would like to let you know is how the techs start their investigations and what they do
so that it can be processed in the lab to help break and close the cases that they are working on.
Well since I am studying criminal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They will also collect blood for DNA. For victims that don't have any id with them like skeletal
remains that all that is left is maybe some DNA from the bone marrow to try and match within the
system or find family members.
Crime scene techs or the officers themselves are able to make a mess to try and find finger prints
they will use black powder normally. They will find a print then put tape on it then stick the tape to
an index card that has on the back of it where you can place the information. They can use different
color powder on a dark surface to help bring the color and get most of the detail on. They will take
that back to the lab and scan the print in the system called automated fingerprint identification
system (AFIS). They will look in local and national database. After a possible match they will use a
magnifying glass and check the deltas which if you look at a fingerprint up close you will see a
pattern that will look like a y shape. The only type of prints that won't have a delta is an arch.
When the techs are collecting evidence they will have to label the package of the date, their name,
case number and where they found it is the main information needed on there. After the evidence
had been package the chain of custody begins. Chain of custody is a record sheet that is used for
whoever is in contact with the package is to sign the record sheet in and out. That is a

Preliminary Criminal Investigation
1.What are the steps of a preliminary investigation of a major crime scene?
A.
Step 1. In a preliminary investigation, the officer must first attend to any injured parties and obtain
proper care for them. This step includes checking vital signs, calling an ambulance and working
with EMTs if necessary.
Step 2. Next, the officer observes the scene. This observation includes the position of the victim, any
items near the victim, and any unusual activities at the scene.
Step 3. Next, the officer will make a determination that a crime was committed. Once this occurs,
the officer will begin an enforcement action. An enforcement action includes pursuing an offender,
making an arrest, or sending out an identifying description of the offender for other officers to
utilize.
Step 4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, the officer compiles a report of his or her work. All of this information is used in the formal
post–crime scene investigation.(https://study.com/academy/lesson/preliminary–investigation–
definition–steps–analysis–example.html)
2.Define investigation in your own words. The gathering of information covering who, what, where,
when, why, Time, those involved and what took place.
3.Define Corpus Delict. What are the corpus delict of burglary and robbery.
Corpus Delict– The classic "body of the crime" plus identity of the person charged.
The Corpus Delict of burglary and robbery would be the taking of a personal property without
consent. (Criminal Investigation 12th edition Lushbaugh and Weston pg32)
4.Where should the interrogation of a suspect take place? Why?
An Interrogation of a suspect can only be conducted in an in_custody environment when the suspect
voluntarily waives his Miranda Rights. A suspect has the right to remain silent until proven guilty or
waives his Miranda right. (Criminal Investigation 12th edition Lushbaugh and Weston pg143–144)
5.Describe a formal lineup and several types of crimes the suspect could be involved in. Do
attorneys attend

Constitutional Protections in Criminal Investigations
Running Head: CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
Constitutional Protections in Criminal Investigations
What are constitutional rights and why are they so important to us? Our Constitutional rights are in
place to protect us from wrongful conviction and improper police behavior. Originally these rights
were made in reaction to the abusive conduct displayed by British authorities during Colonial times.
Without the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, we would not be a democracy, but instead we would
become a communist country. The Constitution is pretty much our basis of freedom, because
boundaries are set and it gives the government guidelines to which ones they can interfere with
without violating them. Most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United States, narcotic agents unlawfully entered Toy's laundry and Toy indicated that Yee was
selling narcotics. The agents found Yee along with drugs and he made a deal to give up the supplier
Wong Sun. The agents were able to arrest Wong Sun and he voluntarily returned to the police station
to make a statement. At Yee's trial it was found that the drugs were excluded as part of the fruit of
the poisonous tree because the search was done without a warrant. Wong Sun's lawyer argued that
his confession should be excluded as well, but an exception was found because he voluntarily
returned to the station to make a statement (Kessler, 2010).
The Fifth Amendment as it pertains to confessions, states that "no person shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against themselves. The Fifth Amendment was created to protect
individuals against self–incrimination, and any confession obtained when it is in violation of the
Amendment will be inadmissible in court. The case Miranda v. Arizona involves Ernesto Miranda
who was arrested based on evidence linking him to a kidnapping and rape. Miranda signed a
confession to the rape, but he was never told his right to counsel, his right to remain silent, and that
his statements would be used against him during the interrogation before being presented the
confession form. His lawyer argued that the

Miranda Warnings In Criminal Investigations
The first thing to determine is whether the type of questioning is part of a criminal or administrative
investigation (Doerner, 2012). Under Miranda warnings, an officer cannot be compelled to make a
statement or answer questions if they could incriminate themselves criminally. That officer would
also be in a custodial situation and was not free to go. If the officer chooses to make a statement
and/or answer questions, they can be used against the officer in criminal proceedings. It should be
standard practice for investigators to have at least one witness and present the Miranda warnings in
writing which state the following:
1. You have the right to remain silent.
2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. ... Show more content on
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If the officer is unclear about the investigation and type of questioning, the officer should directly
ask if he or she is being ordered to answer questions (Doerner, 2012). If the answer is yes, this
forces your agency to bring into play Garrity rights for the officer, which prevents anything the
officer says from being used against them in a future criminal proceeding (Doerner, 2012). If an
officer chooses to not answer questions, that can be used against them in an administrative
proceeding impacting possible discipline or termination from employment (Doerner, 2012).
To alleviate potential problems, many agencies have put into place legal safeguards or offer similar
grievance protections offered to civilian employees (Doerner, 2012). Furthermore, some states have
recognized the severity of legal ramifications that can occur and have passed legislation known as
"Police Officer's Bill of Rights" which controls disciplinary investigations (Doerner, 2012).
Reference:
Doerner, W. (2012). Introduction to Law Enforcement, An Insider's View.
Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing

Criminal Investigation Process
Evidence plays a vital role throughout criminal investigations. Typically, we think of evidence as
things such as fingerprints, DNA, and fibers. However, evidence as evolved as the world of
technology has expanded. Digital evidence also now plays just as much of an important role as
traditional evidence. When beginning an investigation that involves digital evidence, it is important
for the investigator to know what evidence to look for. Identification of evidence, collection
including transportation of evidence and examination of evidence are the three main aspects of the
process. Identifying evidence is the first stage in the process. A laptop, computer monitor, and hard
drive are all pieces of evidence that are usually located first. It is critical for the investigator who is
identifying and collecting evidence to know what else to look for. Other items that should be
identified and collected as possible evidence include external hard drives, floppy discs, CD's, USB
drives, and memory cards. If the investigator isn't aware what all falls into the category of digital
evidence, it is possible that vital evidence may not be collected (Cosic, 2011). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is critical that evidence is collected in the correct manor to ensure that evidence is not destroyed.
The investigator who is collecting the evidence should be properly trained in collection of evidence
(Cosic, 2011). One example of proper protocol would be if a computer or cell phone is turned on
when found, then it should not be turned off to prevent possible destruction of evidence or
prompting for a password for access. The collection process can sometimes prove to be the most
difficult because it evidence can easily be compromised or even destroyed (Manes,

How To Pulverize DNA In Criminal Investigation
Introduction
There are many ways to investigate a crime in order to find justice. Main ways embrace the sub
disciplines of forensic anthropology, forensic botany, forensic entomology, forensic odontology and
various DNA or protein based techniques. This investigation is directed at DNA based techniques.
DNA Relation
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains all the hereditary data around a human being. It's the
directions for the body's whole hereditary cosmetics. DNA is one of a kind to every distinct
individual. A man has the same DNA all through his whole body, and it's situated in each cell. Cells
are the fundamental building squares of all people ("Criminal Law – Lawyers.com," n.d.) . This can
be used by forensic scientist to essentially then determine if DNA samples such as mouth cells, hair
or blood match the criminals. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this situation, DNA from kiwis will be extracted to copy human DNA.
Actinidia deliciosa, often known as the kiwifruit is a hexaploid species with 6X= chromosomes. The
considerable greater part of Actinidia species are diploid, with 2X=58 chromosomes
(http://www.actahort.org/books/297/297_5.htm). Hence why kiwi is a great fruit to investigate with.
It also yields a reasonable amount of DNA. This makes it easier to make observations on the DNA
extracted from the kiwi and make judgments on what impacts different chemicals had on it.
The DNA is stored where the nuclei is, therefore the kiwi is placed in a ziplock bag and is smashed
in order to break open these cells and reveal the DNA. The atomic films must be opened up with a
specific end goal to discharge the DNA, in this way DNA extraction arrangement is utilized. DNA is
insoluble in alcohol, so it precipitates (http://www.actahort.org/books/297/297_5.htm). Therefore
becoming very visible and making it easy to capture and place on the petri

Probable Cause In Criminal Investigation
According to Criminal Law and Procedure, probable cause is the least amount of evidence that is
necessary to determine criminality in regards to a search, arrest, or seizure to be proper under the
Fourth Amendment (Hall, 2015). Every case differs in how probable cause is articulated as well as
the basics of the case in terms of who, what, when, where, how, and why. "In all situations, it is
more than mere suspicion and less than standard required to prove a defendant guilty at trial (beyond
a reasonable doubt)", (Hall, 2015, p. 399). Furthermore, probable cause is simply the facts of a case
that represents criminality and presented by the law enforcement officer to a judge or magistrate, to
solidify their case in ascertaining an arrest warrant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Overview of Criminal Procedure, there are three sources of establishing probable
cause, observation, physical evidence, and witness statements (Bethel, 2015). Observation and
profiling are two terms that are easily misinterpreted by people in society who lack knowledge of
determining a crime. Based on an officer's experience, the officer can determine if a crime is likely
to occur by observing certain key elements a suspect or suspects display to the officer, because the
officer has observed the same principles applied in previous crimes that resulted in a crime.
Observation of a suspect is surveilling the suspect for any criminal aspects that are determined to be
criminal. The physical evidence speaks for itself as physical evidence may arise during the course of
surveillance and solidify the officer's determination that a crime is present. Statements by witnesses
or anonymous tips can assist in establishing probable cause and sometimes can be the only probable
cause an officer can establish before further investigating a potential crime (Bethel,

Criminal Profiling In Criminal Investigations
Criminal profiling is a technique used to identify the major personality and behavioral
characteristics of an individual based upon the characteristics of the crime they have committed
(Douglas et al. 1986,p.405). This technique has become increasingly popular and notorious through
its exaggerated use in television and other popular media. Particularly in the movie Silence of the
Lambs a thriller in which criminal profiling is used to apprehend a serial killer. There is no doubt
that due to its popularity in pop culture it has become increasingly present in real life investigations.
Despite this its quite apparent that due to a number of reasons it is rarely useful in police
investigations and in some cases has the ability to mislead or derail ... Show more content on
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In the study participants were required to read profiles and rate their accuracy, it found that the
investigators or individuals would pay more attention or give more weight to the hits in the profile
rather than the misses. This means the investigators were giving profiles greater value than
deserved, observed by the majority of officers rating the ambiguous profiles as useful (Alison, Smith
and Morgan, 2003). The participants selectively noting these hits and discarding misses is most
likely due to the inflated opinions of the expertise of the offender profiler (Alison, Smith and
Morgan, 2003). This is very significant because it reflects that investigators are likely to concede
that the "expert opinion" holds more weight than their own and instead of critically evaluating these
profiles, they are more likely to take the profiles statements as correct or accurate. This in itself has
the possibility to mislead investigations where offender profiling is used and speaks as to why they
should not be used as anything other than a last resort in

Polygraph Investigation In The Criminal Justice System
Many questions go unanswered when questioning the Criminal Justice System's tactics to
apprehending criminals in the past, present, and future. For a while the Criminal Justice system
thought polygraph tests were the answer to minimizing all around crime becoming a controversial
solution to a rising problem. Recently, forensic investigations have revolutionized their methods to
better DNA fingerprinting to detain criminals; This becoming the next best thing other than local
police and first responders using Mini Drones as an extra tool in stopping offenders who are in
pursue. According to Liberty Pen, "Mini Drones would be for specific missions such as finding a
lost person, monitoring traffic, or for crowd control becoming a tool for mass surveillance by the
government".

Criminal Investigation Techniques Research Paper
Robert Ware Criminal investigation techniques will change in the future from the changing culture
of today. Today we are a much more technological culture and with that cyber–crimes are occurring
more and more frequently. Also on the rise is terrorism which changes how our law enforcement
agencies have to operate. The pairing of our technological culture with the rise in terrorism makes
for a deadly combination. "Internet technology and the proliferation of social networking sites have
changed how terrorist organizations recruit and communicate with would–be acolytes. This
development has rendered the collection of intelligence an issue of salience for federal, state, and
local authorities" (Mayer & Erickson, 2011, June 23). While our technological culture has had many
advantages such as faster communication this has also sown a distrust between many of the
community and law enforcement through the use of social media. One bad decision can by a law
enforcement officer can become a nationally phenomenon if recorded and shared on social media.
This has caused much scrutiny for many law enforcement agencies and has caused distrust of law
enforcement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The officers are accused of shaking down citizens, filing false court paperwork and making
fraudulent overtime claims, all while Justice Department investigators were scrutinizing the
department for what they concluded was widespread civil rights violations" (Fenton & Rector, 2017,
March 01). Much of this distrust is fueled by race "Distrust is also fueled by a perception of
unchecked police violence through the ages" (CBS AP, 2014, August

Synthesizing In The Criminal Investigation Process
Synthesizing criminal investigation involves integration new information with that of existing
information to create an original impression, a new viewpoint, or form a new view of thinking to
achieve an awareness. Synthesizing process has a complex method of comprehension strategies.
This process happens if we are taking in the valued meaning throughout the information that is read.
Our understanding of the criminal investigation is enhancing as we read more of the provide
information, (Bynum, T 2001). The process of criminal investigation in Synthesizing is based on the
forward movement of the evolving thinking. Synthesizing in the criminal investigation processes the
scope from taking in the understanding of the meaning while reading to achieving

Federal Bureau Of Detectives And Criminal Investigation
Detectives and criminal investigators, who are sometimes called agents or special agents, gather
facts and collect evidence of possible crimes. Police and detective work can be physical and
demanding, stressful and dangerous. The focus of this essay will be on the FBI (Federal Bureau of
Investigation) department. The FBI is focused on stopping terrorism, organized crime, government
and civil corruption, civil rights violations and cybercrime. They also investigate serious crimes like
murders and major thefts. The bureau of labor statics of the U.S by the 2014, that the median pay of
FBI agents was $58,630 per year and $28.19 per hour. But their pay is varied by the area they work
in.
The FBI education requirement begins with a minimum of

Trace Evidence In Criminal Investigation
The chain of custody is perhaps the most important aspect of evidence procedure. If trace evidence
is improperly handled at any point during its journey from collection, to trial, the entire case against
the defendant could be in jeopardy. This paper will examine trace evidence, its requirements, and the
necessary steps required to prove its validity during trial proceedings.
Physical and trace evidence collected at a crime scene can be an invaluable tool for investigating
officers, as well as prosecuting attorneys. However, it is imperative that evidence be handled
appropriately, and following the appropriate chain of custody from collection to trial. Physical
evidence can play both a direct or circumstantial role in the ... Show more content on
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In Davis v. Mississippi, the Supreme Court stated that fingerprints where inherently more reliable
than eyewitness identification (Gardner, 2016). Although finger prints are considered extremely
reliable, steps must be taken to ensure that the fingerprint was actually left at the crime scene during
the time period that the crime was committed. In order to prove a fingerprint's validity, the
prosecution must rely on both expert testimony as well as detailed, accurate, and proper chain of
custody documentation. In order to prove the correct timing of the latent print, evidence can be
provided through a few methods. One method is the use of an eyewitness who can testify to the
defendant's presence during the time of the crime (Gardner, 2016). Additionally, testimony proving
that the surface was just cleaned or washed immediately prior to the crime is admissible (Gardner,
2016). Finally, "fairly fresh" prints at a crime scene where the defendant did not have access, or
prints left in blood that could only be placed after the smear was made can be considered admissible
(Gardner,

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