Cell Parts & Organelles.ppt

1. An introduction to structures and
functions of cells and their main parts.
Cells

2. Cell Theory
• The Cell Theory states:
• All living organisms are composed of cells.
They may be unicellular or multicellular.
• The cell is the basic unit of life.
• Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

3. Types of Cells
 Identify:
– Bacterial cell
– Plant cell
– Animal cell

4. 1. Cell Wall
 A) function: physical protection &
structural support
 B) Structure: wall surrounding cell
Has holes like windows in a wall
 C) Macromol. = cellulose

5. A cell is found to have a nucleus and a cell
wall. Which type of cell(s) can it not be.
A. Plant
B. Animal
C. Bacteria

6. 2. Cell Membrane
 A) function: controls what enters and
leaves cell
 B) Structure: flexible lining just inside cell
wall
 C) Macromol.
 Phospholipids
 Proteins

7. 3. Nucleus
 A) Structure:
 1) Nuclear envelope = double layer of
membrane around nucleus
 2) Nuclear pores = holes in envelope
 3) Chromosomes = DNA inside nucleus
 4) Nucleolus = area full of ribosome parts

8.  B) Function: Store DNA & direct cell
 C) Macromol.
 Phospholipids, proteins
 Nucleic acids

9. 4.Cytoplasm
 A) function: every thing that happenes
between cell membrane and nucleus
 B) Structure:
 1) all organelles between nucleus and cell
membrane
 2) all fluid that fills cell = hyaloplasm
 C) Macromol. : all

10. 5. Ribosome
 A) function: make proteins
 1) Connect amino acids in correct order
 2) Follow directions from RNA
 B) Structure: 2 subunits
 1) Protien subunit
 2) RNA subunit
 C) Macromol. : protein & nucleic acid

11. 6 Mitochondrion
 A- Function: Cellular Respiration
 1)Uses O2 to burn glucose & give cell energy
 2) O2 + glucose  CO2 and energy
 B- Structure
 1) Oval outer membrane
 2) Folded inner membrane
–Folds called cristae
 C- Macromolecules:
 Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

12. 7. Chloroplasts
 A- Function: Photosynthesis
 1) Coverts solar Energy into chemical energy
 2) CO2 + H2O  Glucose + O2
 B- Structure:
 1) Oval outer membrane
 2) Grana = stacks of thylakoid disks
 C- Macromolecules:
 Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

13. 8. Vacuole
 A- Function: storage & support (plants)
 B- Structure: membrane full of water and
molecules or food
 C- Macromolecules:
 phospholipids, protiens

14. 9. Lysosome
 A- Function: digest food/break down old
organelles & macromolecules (hydrolysis)
 B- Structure: membrane bubble full of
enzymes
 C- Macromolecules
 phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)

15. Endomembrane System
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Vesicle
Golgi
Apparatus
Vesicle
Lysosome
Vesicle
Plasma
Membrane

17. 10. Golgi Body
 A- Function:
 1) adds sugars & lipids to proteins
 2) makes complex carbohydrates
 B- Structure:
 1) flat membrane pockets
 2) filled with enzymes
 C- Macromolecules
 phospholipids, proteins

18. 11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 A- Function: Fold & transport proteins
 B- Structure:
 1) Tunnels made of membrane
 2) lots of enzymes
 3) ribosomes
 C- Macromol.:
 phospholipids, proteins

19. 12. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
 A- Function: Transport molecules & Detox
 B- Structure: Membrane tunnels full of
enzymes
 C- Macromol.:
 phospholipids, proteins


20. 13. Cytoskeleton
 A- Function:
 1) internal support
 2) move organelles & vessicles
 B- Structure: Framework of microtubules
and motor proteins
 C- Macromolecules
 protein