SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 29
Download to read offline
Chapter 2: Section 1 (Cells)

       I. Cell Structure
Chapter 2 section 1 (2011)
A. Common Cell Traits
  1. Cell: Smallest unit that is capable of performing
     life functions.
  2. Every cell has a CELL MEMBRANE.
    a. In animal cells it is the outer layer.
    b. In plant cells it is just inside the CELL WALL.
  3. Every cell has cytoplasm.
    a. Cytoplasm is a gelatin like material that fills the inside
       of the cell.
    b. In the cytoplasm of every cell is hereditary material
       that controls the life of the cell.
B. Comparing Cells
  1. Cells come in many sizes.
    a. Nerve Cells can be up to a meter long.
    b. Human Egg Cell is the size of the dot on the
       letter i.
    c. Human Red Blood Cell is 1/10th the dot on an i.
    d. Bacteria Cell is the smallest known cell.
       1. 8,000 will fit inside the dot on an i.
    e. Ostrich Egg Yolk is the largest known cell.
    f. Plant cells are generally more
       square/rectangular shaped.
    g. Animal cells are usually more round shaped.
OSTRICH EGG COMPARED TO A
       NORMAL EGG
2. Cells can also vary in shape.
  a. Their shape is normally determined by the job it is
     doing.
3. Examples of cell shapes:
  a. Nerve Cells: have many extensions in order to send
     signals faster and over large distances.
  b. Muscle Cells: can be long and skinny when relaxed;
     can be short and fat when tightened.
  c. Red Blood Cells: small and round in order to easily
     flow through all the blood vessels TO DELIVER OXYGEN
     to all cells.
  d. White Blood Cells: can change shape easily because
     they eat and devour any harmful object.
CELL SHAPES: See page 38 in your book!!!
C. Types of Cells
  1. Prokaryotic: Cells without a membrane
     around the internal cell parts
    a. This means they do not have a NUCLEAR
       MEMBRANE around the DNA.
    b. Example: Bacteria
  2. Eukaryotic: Cells with membranes around
     their internal cell parts.
    a. They have a NUCLEAR MEMBRANE around
       their DNA.
    b. Examples: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals.
Prokaryote
    Vs.
Eukaryote
Comparing
Prokaryotic
   and
Eukaryotic
D. What is Cell Organization?
  1. Each cell in your body has a specific job.
     a.   Because of this cells have specific parts that are needed to
          perform specific tasks.
  2. Organelles are the parts of a cell.
     a.   Organelles means little organs in Latin.
Chapter 2: Section 1

II. Cell Organelles
A. Cell Wall: The outer layer of a plants,
    bacteria, some protists, and fungi.
  1. Description: It is tough and rigid.
  2. Function: to protect, give the cell its
     shape and allow materials into and
     out of the cell.
    a. Water, food and oxygen/CO2 need to get into
       the cell. (Raw materials for the cell)
    b. CO2/ Oxygen and wastes need to get out
       of the cell. (Waste products)
3.     Plant cell walls are made up of a carbohydrate
       called CELLULOSE.
     a. Makes plant cells tougher than animal cells.
B. Cell Membrane
  1. Outer layer n all animal cells and some protists.
  2. 2nd layer inside cell wall in plants.
  3. Function: allow materials into and out of the
     cell; protection.
    a. Water, Oxygen, and Food enter.
    b. Wastes and CO2 exit.
  4. Cell membranes are less rigid and softer than cell
     walls.
C. Cytoplasm
  1. Gelatin like substance found inside the cell.
  2. Functions
    a. Hold cell parts in place.
    b. Allow chemical reactions to occur.
    c. Hold cytoskeleton (the framework of a cell; provides
       strength and ability to change shape if needed.)
D. Nucleus
  1. Function: Directs all cell activities; the brain of
     the cell.
  2. Parts of the Nucleus:
    a. Nuclear Membrane: Outer layer of the nucleus that
       has pores to allow materials in and out of nucleus;
       provides protection for the nucleus.
    b. Chromatin: Stands of material that contain all the
       DNA of the cell. Eventually become chromosomes.
    c. Nucleolus: Make ribosomes when needed; not always
       visible, only swells up when proteins are needed.
Nucleus, Nucleolus, and
Chromatin
Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus
E. Chloroplasts
  1. Only found in green cells of plants, algae and
     green bacteria.
  2. Function: allow cells to make their own food by
     using chlorophyll.
    a. Chlorophyll: green pigment that absorbs sunlight and
       changes it into food energy.
    b. The food that a plant makes is a sugar called GLUCOSE.
F. Mitochondria
  1. Function: Breaks down “food” into energy for
     the cell.
  2. Nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell.
  3. Shaped like a bean.
  4. Number of mitochondria varies by cell type.
    a. More active a cell; the more mitochondria it has
    b. Heart and Muscle cells will have many mitochondria.
G. Ribosomes
  1. Function: to make proteins for the cell.
  2. Can be found in 2 places:
    a. Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. (ER)
    b. Free floating in the cytoplasm.
  3. Made by the nucleolus and moved to either the
     ER or cytoplasm.
H. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  1. (hallways) Series of interconnected folded
     membranes; extends from nucleus to the cell
     membrane allows material to be processed and
     moved throughout the cell.
  2. Two Types of ER:
    a. Rough ER: has ribosomes attached.
    b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes, processes lipids.
I. Golgi Bodies (Golgi Apparatus)
  1. Golgi Bodies sort, package, and ship proteins
     when needed.
  2. Different from the ER because the Golgi bodies
     are not interconnected.
J. Vacuoles (Closets)
  1. Temporary storage units for anything .
  2. Most will hold water, extra food, waste products
     and other cellular material.
  3. Vary in size and number between plant and
     animal cells.
    a. Plant Cells usually have one large vacuole.
    b. Animal cells usually have many small vacuoles.
K. Lysosomes
  1. Contain digestive chemicals that help break
     down food molecules, wastes, and old cell parts.
  2. Lysosomes have a thick membrane to prevent
     the chemicals from leaking out.
    a. The enzymes inside a lysosome could damage other
       cell parts if they leak out!!!!!
L. Plant vs Animal Cells
  1. Plant Cells
    a. Have chloroplasts, cell wall, and one large vacuole.
    b. More rectangular in shape.
    c. Generally have a green color.
  2. Animal Cells
    a. No cell wall, no chloroplasts, and many small vacuoles.
    b. More circular in shape.
    c. Color and shape varies on the function of the cell.
Animal
         Cell




Plant
Cell
REIVEW OF LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
•   1) CELLS- basic unit of life. Red Blood cells, White
    Blood Cells, Heart cells.
• 2) TISSUES – Group of similar cells that work together to
  do one job. Muscle Tissue, Brain Tissue, etc.
• 3) ORGANS – Group of similar tissues that work together
  to do one job. EX: Heart, Brain, Bones, Muscles
• 4) SYSTEM – Group of similar organs that work together
  to do one job.
• EX: Cardiovascular, Skeleton, etc.
• 5) ORGANISM – a complete living thing


    • DO NOT COPY THIS SLIDE…THIS IS A
               REVIEW!!!!!

More Related Content

What's hot

Chapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 notesChapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 notes021dsw
 
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action Mr G
 
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory,
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory, Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory,
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory, www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 
160 04b notes cytology
160 04b notes cytology160 04b notes cytology
160 04b notes cytologyraini victor
 
Unit 1 Living organisms
Unit 1 Living organismsUnit 1 Living organisms
Unit 1 Living organismsMónica
 
9TH Class Biology complete slides
9TH Class Biology complete slides 9TH Class Biology complete slides
9TH Class Biology complete slides saberhussain9
 
Chapter 4 - Cells
Chapter 4 - CellsChapter 4 - Cells
Chapter 4 - Cellscavalierem
 
Cell and cell theory
Cell and cell theoryCell and cell theory
Cell and cell theoryprakashtu
 
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)Mr. Motuk
 
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to CellsIB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to CellsJacob Cedarbaum
 
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes and eukaryotesProkaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes and eukaryotesYaugen Slizh
 
Cells lesson 1
Cells lesson 1Cells lesson 1
Cells lesson 1dhmcmillan
 
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised jove abletes)
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised  jove abletes)Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised  jove abletes)
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised jove abletes)Gemma Gabani
 
1. intro to bio 2011
1. intro to bio 20111. intro to bio 2011
1. intro to bio 2011Bob Smullen
 
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.St Xaviers
 

What's hot (20)

Biology chapter 2
Biology chapter 2Biology chapter 2
Biology chapter 2
 
Chapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 notesChapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 notes
 
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action
Unit 1 Biology Chapter 1 - Cells in Action
 
Cell Biology Introduction
Cell Biology IntroductionCell Biology Introduction
Cell Biology Introduction
 
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory,
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory, Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory,
Introduction to Cell Biology PowerPoint Review Game, Quiz, Cells, Cell Theory,
 
160 04b notes cytology
160 04b notes cytology160 04b notes cytology
160 04b notes cytology
 
Unit 1 Living organisms
Unit 1 Living organismsUnit 1 Living organisms
Unit 1 Living organisms
 
9TH Class Biology complete slides
9TH Class Biology complete slides 9TH Class Biology complete slides
9TH Class Biology complete slides
 
Chapter 4 - Cells
Chapter 4 - CellsChapter 4 - Cells
Chapter 4 - Cells
 
Cell basics
Cell basicsCell basics
Cell basics
 
Intro to cells
Intro to cellsIntro to cells
Intro to cells
 
Cell and cell theory
Cell and cell theoryCell and cell theory
Cell and cell theory
 
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)
Chapter 3 section 2 notes (moving cellular material)
 
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to CellsIB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
IB Biology 1.1 Slides: Introduction to Cells
 
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes and eukaryotesProkaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
 
Cells lesson 1
Cells lesson 1Cells lesson 1
Cells lesson 1
 
Biology, What is Life?
Biology,  What is Life?Biology,  What is Life?
Biology, What is Life?
 
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised jove abletes)
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised  jove abletes)Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised  jove abletes)
Lesson plan for microteaching ( revised jove abletes)
 
1. intro to bio 2011
1. intro to bio 20111. intro to bio 2011
1. intro to bio 2011
 
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.
Morphological organization and cell structure of Micro-organisms.
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (8)

Cell organisation
Cell organisationCell organisation
Cell organisation
 
cell-shapes
cell-shapescell-shapes
cell-shapes
 
Cell Organelles Powr Point
Cell Organelles Powr PointCell Organelles Powr Point
Cell Organelles Powr Point
 
Nutrient classes of_food_12-10
Nutrient classes of_food_12-10Nutrient classes of_food_12-10
Nutrient classes of_food_12-10
 
Unit1 lesson2-cells
Unit1 lesson2-cellsUnit1 lesson2-cells
Unit1 lesson2-cells
 
Tissues
TissuesTissues
Tissues
 
82 biology
82 biology82 biology
82 biology
 
Chapter 4
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 

Similar to Chapter 2 section 1 (2011)

2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt
2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt
2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.pptCHELCEECENARIO
 
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptx
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptxUnit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptx
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptxNOELIEIBACARRA
 
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptx
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptxgrade7plantvanimalcell.pptx
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptxMichaelAlemania1
 
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITIONInés Ea
 
Fundamental unit of life cell
Fundamental unit of life cellFundamental unit of life cell
Fundamental unit of life cellVarun Satpute
 
Module cell structure and function
Module cell structure and functionModule cell structure and function
Module cell structure and functionJohn Daniel Gumban
 
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptx
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptxplantanimalcells-160729085355.pptx
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptxMaryGraceAmada1
 
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdf
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdfPlant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdf
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdfLedelanePantilo1
 

Similar to Chapter 2 section 1 (2011) (20)

2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt
2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt
2 Biology 1_2_07 Pro vs Eu Cells.ppt
 
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptx
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptxUnit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptx
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptx
 
Characteristics of living things
Characteristics of living thingsCharacteristics of living things
Characteristics of living things
 
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptx
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptxgrade7plantvanimalcell.pptx
grade7plantvanimalcell.pptx
 
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION
2º ESO UNIT 1 LIVING BEINGS NUTRITION
 
Cells
CellsCells
Cells
 
Cell notes
Cell notesCell notes
Cell notes
 
Explain Why A Cell Is Like A City
Explain Why A Cell Is Like A CityExplain Why A Cell Is Like A City
Explain Why A Cell Is Like A City
 
Biology cell structure function
Biology cell structure functionBiology cell structure function
Biology cell structure function
 
Electrical Functions Of Plant And Animal Cells
Electrical Functions Of Plant And Animal CellsElectrical Functions Of Plant And Animal Cells
Electrical Functions Of Plant And Animal Cells
 
Comparing Two Types Of Animal Cells
Comparing Two Types Of Animal CellsComparing Two Types Of Animal Cells
Comparing Two Types Of Animal Cells
 
Animal Cell Vs Human Body
Animal Cell Vs Human BodyAnimal Cell Vs Human Body
Animal Cell Vs Human Body
 
Fundamental unit of life cell
Fundamental unit of life cellFundamental unit of life cell
Fundamental unit of life cell
 
3 Cells
3 Cells3 Cells
3 Cells
 
Module cell structure and function
Module cell structure and functionModule cell structure and function
Module cell structure and function
 
Cell review student
Cell review studentCell review student
Cell review student
 
Atv what is biology
Atv what is biologyAtv what is biology
Atv what is biology
 
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptx
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptxplantanimalcells-160729085355.pptx
plantanimalcells-160729085355.pptx
 
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdf
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdfPlant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdf
Plant vs. Animal Cells Lesson.pdf
 
Cell tour
Cell tourCell tour
Cell tour
 

More from Mr. Motuk

Create a force motion lab report template
Create a force motion lab report templateCreate a force motion lab report template
Create a force motion lab report templateMr. Motuk
 
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)Mr. Motuk
 
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notes
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notesLife science chapter 6 section 1 notes
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notesMr. Motuk
 
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 5 section 2 notes
Chapter 5 section 2 notesChapter 5 section 2 notes
Chapter 5 section 2 notesMr. Motuk
 
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1: Supplemental Notes)
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1:  Supplemental Notes)Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1:  Supplemental Notes)
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1: Supplemental Notes)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 4 section 2 notes
Chapter 4 section 2 notesChapter 4 section 2 notes
Chapter 4 section 2 notesMr. Motuk
 
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)Mr. Motuk
 
Energy floorplan (graph paper)
Energy floorplan (graph paper)Energy floorplan (graph paper)
Energy floorplan (graph paper)Mr. Motuk
 
Straw bridge instructions 2016
Straw bridge instructions 2016Straw bridge instructions 2016
Straw bridge instructions 2016Mr. Motuk
 
Chapter 3 section 3 notes
Chapter 3 section 3 notes Chapter 3 section 3 notes
Chapter 3 section 3 notes Mr. Motuk
 
Microscope review
Microscope reviewMicroscope review
Microscope reviewMr. Motuk
 
Introduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesIntroduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesMr. Motuk
 
Chapter 3 vocabulary terms
Chapter 3 vocabulary termsChapter 3 vocabulary terms
Chapter 3 vocabulary termsMr. Motuk
 
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)Mr. Motuk
 

More from Mr. Motuk (20)

Create a force motion lab report template
Create a force motion lab report templateCreate a force motion lab report template
Create a force motion lab report template
 
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)
Chapter 6 section 2 (clues about evolution)
 
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)
Chapter 6 vocabulary (Adaptations Over Time)
 
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notes
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notesLife science chapter 6 section 1 notes
Life science chapter 6 section 1 notes
 
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)
Chapter 5 section 3 notes (advances is genetics)
 
Chapter 5 section 2 notes
Chapter 5 section 2 notesChapter 5 section 2 notes
Chapter 5 section 2 notes
 
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1: Supplemental Notes)
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1:  Supplemental Notes)Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1:  Supplemental Notes)
Do not copy (Chapter 5 Section 1: Supplemental Notes)
 
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)
Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes (2016)
 
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms (Genetics)
 
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)
Chapter 4 section 3 (dna)
 
Chapter 4 section 2 notes
Chapter 4 section 2 notesChapter 4 section 2 notes
Chapter 4 section 2 notes
 
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)
Chapter 4 vocabulary terms (student)
 
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)
Chapter 4 section 1 (cell divsion and mitosis)
 
Energy floorplan (graph paper)
Energy floorplan (graph paper)Energy floorplan (graph paper)
Energy floorplan (graph paper)
 
Straw bridge instructions 2016
Straw bridge instructions 2016Straw bridge instructions 2016
Straw bridge instructions 2016
 
Chapter 3 section 3 notes
Chapter 3 section 3 notes Chapter 3 section 3 notes
Chapter 3 section 3 notes
 
Microscope review
Microscope reviewMicroscope review
Microscope review
 
Introduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesIntroduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notes
 
Chapter 3 vocabulary terms
Chapter 3 vocabulary termsChapter 3 vocabulary terms
Chapter 3 vocabulary terms
 
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)
Chapter 3 section 1 (chemistry of life)
 

Recently uploaded

How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesHow to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesThousandEyes
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIUdaiappa Ramachandran
 
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataCloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataSafe Software
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdf
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdfDS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdf
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdfROWELL MARQUINA
 
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshop
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshopCHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshop
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshopObject Automation
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.francesco barbera
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docx
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docxChecklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docx
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docxNoman khan
 
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingIntroduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingGDSC PJATK
 
Dragino Technology LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケース
Dragino Technology   LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケースDragino Technology   LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケース
Dragino Technology LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケースCRI Japan, Inc.
 
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions Update
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions UpdateIEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions Update
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions UpdateHironori Washizaki
 
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)Anchore
 
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQL
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQLWhat Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQL
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQLScyllaDB
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxUdaiappa Ramachandran
 
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptxServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptxshyamraj55
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation Inc
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation IncRTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation Inc
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation IncObject Automation
 
20200723_insight_release_plan
20200723_insight_release_plan20200723_insight_release_plan
20200723_insight_release_planJamie (Taka) Wang
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesHow to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
 
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataCloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdf
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdfDS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdf
DS Lesson 2 - Subsets, Supersets and Power Set.pdf
 
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshop
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshopCHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshop
CHIPS Alliance_Object Automation Inc_workshop
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docx
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docxChecklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docx
Checklist to troubleshoot CD moisture profiles.docx
 
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingIntroduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum Computing
 
Dragino Technology LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケース
Dragino Technology   LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケースDragino Technology   LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケース
Dragino Technology LoRaWANデバイス、ゲートウェイ ユースケース
 
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions Update
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions UpdateIEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions Update
IEEE Computer Society 2024 Technology Predictions Update
 
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)
Tracking license compliance made easy - intro to Grant (OSS)
 
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQL
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQLWhat Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQL
What Developers Need to Unlearn for High Performance NoSQL
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
 
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptxServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ServiceNow Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation Inc
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation IncRTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation Inc
RTL Design Methodologies_Object Automation Inc
 
20200723_insight_release_plan
20200723_insight_release_plan20200723_insight_release_plan
20200723_insight_release_plan
 

Chapter 2 section 1 (2011)

  • 1. Chapter 2: Section 1 (Cells) I. Cell Structure
  • 3. A. Common Cell Traits 1. Cell: Smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. 2. Every cell has a CELL MEMBRANE. a. In animal cells it is the outer layer. b. In plant cells it is just inside the CELL WALL. 3. Every cell has cytoplasm. a. Cytoplasm is a gelatin like material that fills the inside of the cell. b. In the cytoplasm of every cell is hereditary material that controls the life of the cell.
  • 4. B. Comparing Cells 1. Cells come in many sizes. a. Nerve Cells can be up to a meter long. b. Human Egg Cell is the size of the dot on the letter i. c. Human Red Blood Cell is 1/10th the dot on an i. d. Bacteria Cell is the smallest known cell. 1. 8,000 will fit inside the dot on an i. e. Ostrich Egg Yolk is the largest known cell. f. Plant cells are generally more square/rectangular shaped. g. Animal cells are usually more round shaped.
  • 5. OSTRICH EGG COMPARED TO A NORMAL EGG
  • 6. 2. Cells can also vary in shape. a. Their shape is normally determined by the job it is doing. 3. Examples of cell shapes: a. Nerve Cells: have many extensions in order to send signals faster and over large distances. b. Muscle Cells: can be long and skinny when relaxed; can be short and fat when tightened. c. Red Blood Cells: small and round in order to easily flow through all the blood vessels TO DELIVER OXYGEN to all cells. d. White Blood Cells: can change shape easily because they eat and devour any harmful object.
  • 7. CELL SHAPES: See page 38 in your book!!!
  • 8. C. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic: Cells without a membrane around the internal cell parts a. This means they do not have a NUCLEAR MEMBRANE around the DNA. b. Example: Bacteria 2. Eukaryotic: Cells with membranes around their internal cell parts. a. They have a NUCLEAR MEMBRANE around their DNA. b. Examples: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals.
  • 9. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
  • 10. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
  • 11. D. What is Cell Organization? 1. Each cell in your body has a specific job. a. Because of this cells have specific parts that are needed to perform specific tasks. 2. Organelles are the parts of a cell. a. Organelles means little organs in Latin.
  • 12. Chapter 2: Section 1 II. Cell Organelles
  • 13. A. Cell Wall: The outer layer of a plants, bacteria, some protists, and fungi. 1. Description: It is tough and rigid. 2. Function: to protect, give the cell its shape and allow materials into and out of the cell. a. Water, food and oxygen/CO2 need to get into the cell. (Raw materials for the cell) b. CO2/ Oxygen and wastes need to get out of the cell. (Waste products)
  • 14. 3. Plant cell walls are made up of a carbohydrate called CELLULOSE. a. Makes plant cells tougher than animal cells.
  • 15. B. Cell Membrane 1. Outer layer n all animal cells and some protists. 2. 2nd layer inside cell wall in plants. 3. Function: allow materials into and out of the cell; protection. a. Water, Oxygen, and Food enter. b. Wastes and CO2 exit. 4. Cell membranes are less rigid and softer than cell walls.
  • 16. C. Cytoplasm 1. Gelatin like substance found inside the cell. 2. Functions a. Hold cell parts in place. b. Allow chemical reactions to occur. c. Hold cytoskeleton (the framework of a cell; provides strength and ability to change shape if needed.)
  • 17. D. Nucleus 1. Function: Directs all cell activities; the brain of the cell. 2. Parts of the Nucleus: a. Nuclear Membrane: Outer layer of the nucleus that has pores to allow materials in and out of nucleus; provides protection for the nucleus. b. Chromatin: Stands of material that contain all the DNA of the cell. Eventually become chromosomes. c. Nucleolus: Make ribosomes when needed; not always visible, only swells up when proteins are needed.
  • 19. Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus
  • 20. E. Chloroplasts 1. Only found in green cells of plants, algae and green bacteria. 2. Function: allow cells to make their own food by using chlorophyll. a. Chlorophyll: green pigment that absorbs sunlight and changes it into food energy. b. The food that a plant makes is a sugar called GLUCOSE.
  • 21. F. Mitochondria 1. Function: Breaks down “food” into energy for the cell. 2. Nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell. 3. Shaped like a bean. 4. Number of mitochondria varies by cell type. a. More active a cell; the more mitochondria it has b. Heart and Muscle cells will have many mitochondria.
  • 22. G. Ribosomes 1. Function: to make proteins for the cell. 2. Can be found in 2 places: a. Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. (ER) b. Free floating in the cytoplasm. 3. Made by the nucleolus and moved to either the ER or cytoplasm.
  • 23. H. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1. (hallways) Series of interconnected folded membranes; extends from nucleus to the cell membrane allows material to be processed and moved throughout the cell. 2. Two Types of ER: a. Rough ER: has ribosomes attached. b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes, processes lipids.
  • 24. I. Golgi Bodies (Golgi Apparatus) 1. Golgi Bodies sort, package, and ship proteins when needed. 2. Different from the ER because the Golgi bodies are not interconnected.
  • 25. J. Vacuoles (Closets) 1. Temporary storage units for anything . 2. Most will hold water, extra food, waste products and other cellular material. 3. Vary in size and number between plant and animal cells. a. Plant Cells usually have one large vacuole. b. Animal cells usually have many small vacuoles.
  • 26. K. Lysosomes 1. Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, wastes, and old cell parts. 2. Lysosomes have a thick membrane to prevent the chemicals from leaking out. a. The enzymes inside a lysosome could damage other cell parts if they leak out!!!!!
  • 27. L. Plant vs Animal Cells 1. Plant Cells a. Have chloroplasts, cell wall, and one large vacuole. b. More rectangular in shape. c. Generally have a green color. 2. Animal Cells a. No cell wall, no chloroplasts, and many small vacuoles. b. More circular in shape. c. Color and shape varies on the function of the cell.
  • 28. Animal Cell Plant Cell
  • 29. REIVEW OF LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION • 1) CELLS- basic unit of life. Red Blood cells, White Blood Cells, Heart cells. • 2) TISSUES – Group of similar cells that work together to do one job. Muscle Tissue, Brain Tissue, etc. • 3) ORGANS – Group of similar tissues that work together to do one job. EX: Heart, Brain, Bones, Muscles • 4) SYSTEM – Group of similar organs that work together to do one job. • EX: Cardiovascular, Skeleton, etc. • 5) ORGANISM – a complete living thing • DO NOT COPY THIS SLIDE…THIS IS A REVIEW!!!!!