online Assignment

1. ASSIGNMENT
THEORETICAL BASE OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
EDUCATION

2. TOPICS :
EMERGING BRANCHES IN SCIENCE
1.NANOTECHNOLOGY
2.BIOINFOMARTICS
3. GEOINFORMATICS
4.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO : SMITHA .I.G
Asst.prof.inPhysical science.
SUBMITTED BY: DEEPTHY. J DILEEP
Physical science.
FMTC, Mylapure

3. INTRODUCTION
Science is a systemized body of knowledge. It is a
heap of truth. Peoples havedeveloped their ideas in a
particular way of observing, thinking, experimenting &
validating. Through this science advances, there by a
wide variety of scientific fields are emerged. These fields
are becoming increasingly specialized and inter
disciplinary leading to entirely new avenues of inquiry. As
a result of the advancing edges of research, new fields
are constantly emerging .Some come and go ,where as
other develop into new .Some of the emerging branches
in science are Nanotechnology, Bioinformatics
,Geoinformatics , Information technology. These all have
so many importance in educational field.

4. 1.NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an
atomic, molecular and super molecular space. The term
nanotechnology was first defined by ‘Norio Taniguchi’ in
1974.Accoding to him “Nanotechnology mainly consists
of the processing of separation, consolidation and
deformation of materials by one atom or molecule”
The first mention of some of the distinguishing concept
in nanotechnology was in 1867 by ‘James clerk max well’
.Richard AdoltfZsigmondg’ was first to use nanometer for
characterizing particle size in 1914. He determined it as
110,00,000 of millimeter. A nanometer is one
25,400,000 of an inch. In1980’s the concept of
nanotechnology to engineering through the concept of
molecular manufacturing was for the first time applied
by ‘Eric Drexler’. He presented it as a scientific field that
exclusively revolved around molecular manufacturing
and his vision is often called molecular manufacturing
Nanoscience is simply the study of nanostructure and
nanotechnology is the implementation and application of
such understandings. The development of

5. nanotechnology led to many discoveries and
nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes& fullerenes
EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE
1. The use of carbon nanotubes in semiconductor
chips
2. A variety of nanomaterials are used in Li-Fe
batteries
3. Nanomaterials are used in laser technology
4. Nanomaterialsare also used in energy production
devices such as bio-nano generators
5. Used in Micro-Electromechanical systems
6 It is also used in light emitting diodes or LED and
organic light emitting diodes6 It is also used in light
emitting diodes or LED and organic light emitting
diodes
7. Nanotechnology help many field of science such
as surface science , organic chemistry , molecular
biology , semiconductor physics, microfabrications
etc….

6. ADVANTAGES
1. MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology is already making new materials
available that could revolutionize many areas of
manufacturing .for example ,nanotubes,
nanoparticles , fullerenes , aerogels , materials
composed of very light and strong materials with
remarkable insulatingproperties ,could pave the way
for new techniques and superior products
2. ENERGY ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology may transform the ways transform
the ways in which we obtain and use energy. In
particular,it’s likely that nanotechnology will make
solarpower more economical by reducing the cost of
constructing solar panel & related equipments.
Energy storage devices will also open up new
methods of generating and storing energy
3. ADVANTAGAES IN ELECTRONIC &COMPUTING
Nanomaterials &Nanoelectronics holds the promise
of making computer processors more powerful than

7. are possible with conventional semiconductor
fabrication techniques. Nanotechnology
instrumentation is becoming ubiquitous in many
field including , Energy storage batteries , fuel cell ,
air & water filtration, building materials and micro
electromechanical systems
4. MEDICAL ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology has the potential to bring major
advances in medicine. Nanobots could be sent into a
patient’s arteries to clear away block ages , surgeries
could become much faster and more accurate .
Nanotechnology could also be refine drug
production, tailoring drugs at a molecular level to
make more effective and reduce side effects
DISADVANTAGES
1. Nanotechnology raises many of the same issues
as any new technology, including concerns about
the toxicity and environmental impact of
nanometerials.
2. Nanotechnology has increased risk to the health
also. Due to the small size of nanoparticles can

8. cause inhalation problem & many other fatal
diseases
3. Nanotechnology has made these weapons more
powerful and more destructive .Then the criminal
bodies can reach nuclear weapons easily
4.Nanotech devices and machines have place of
human to work faster and accurately which has
lesson the importance of men power in the field of
practical work
2. BIOINFORMATICS
Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology
to the management of biological information.
Bioinformatics is an inter disciplinary research field that
combines biology, computer science, mathematics &
statistics. Historically, the term Bioinformatics did not
mean what it means today.PaulienHogweg& Ben Hesper
coined it in 1970 to refer to the study of information
processes in biotic systems. This definition placed
Bioinformatics as afield parallel to biophysics or
biochemistry .Through Bioinformatics we can study how
normal cellular activities are altered in different disease

9. states, the biological data must be combined to form a
comprehensive picture of these activities.
EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE
1. Bioinformatics Is very helpful for students to the
education of biochemistry, molecular biology
2.It helps for effective teaching-learning process.
3. Using these computational method students can
study how normal cellular activities are altered in
different disease states, amino acid sequences,
protein domains , & protein structure.
4. Bioinformatics now entails the creation &
advancement of database, algorithms, computational
&statistical techniques & theory to solve formal&
practical problems arising from the management
&analysis of biological data.
5. Bioinformatics helps to study the mapping &
analyzing DNA.
ADVANTAGES
1. Analysis of mutation in cancer.

10. 2. Analysis of protein expression.
3. Analysis of regulations.
4. Time efficient.
5. Protein structural prediction is an important goal.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Costly.
2. Searching database can be time consuming .
3. Identifying theft can occur.
4. Reliability is sometimes questioned.
3. GEOINFORMATICS
Geoinformatics is the science & the technology which
develops &uses information science infrastructure to
addresses the problems of geography, cartography,
geoscience& related branches of science & engineering.
Many fields benefit from Geoinformatics , including
urban planning & land use management, environmental
modeling & analysis ,military in car navigation systems,

11. virtual globes, public health, local and national gazetteer
management, transport network planning &
management, agriculture, oceanography& coupled
ocean& atmosphere modeling, architecture &
archeological reconstruction , telecommunication
,criminology & crimes simulation, aviation, biodiversity
conservation & maritime transport.
EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE
1. Geoinformaticsis very helpful in education
2. To use Geoinformatics we can create maps with
images shown it is helpful for geographical studies.
3. GIS is able to capture all types of geographical
reference data as well as digitally manipulating
images from the earth surface & presenting the data
in 3D.
4. Geoinformatics techniques are also used in
satellites.

12. ADVANTAGES
1. Visualize spatial information.
2. Power to create maps with images shown.
3. Provide solutions for problems.
4. Model seismic activity precisely.
5. Used for a vast range of task involving geography.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Very expensive.
2. Violation of privacy.
3. Geographical error increases with larger scales.
4. Relative loss of resolution.
5. Requires enormous amount of data makes it pones
for error.

13. 4. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information technology is a growing field. It has the
ability of speeding up information delivering. So this
ability can be used in improving our education
environment. With the implementation Information
technology, cost of accessing educational materials are
cut down & it makes it easy for students to learn from
anywhere. IT provides fulltime learning, online
education etc…..
EDUCATIONAL IMPORTANCE
1. Virtual laboratory.
2. Multimedia presentation of topics.
3. Collection of materials.
4. Effective teaching –learning process.
5. Provide group learning.
6. Availability of educational software.
7. Helpful in distant learning.
8. INFLIBNET, NICNET is involved in modernizing
university libraries in India.

14. ADVANTAGES
1. Communication
2. Globalisation&reduces cultural gap.
3. Availability of information systems all over he
globe.
4. Creation of new & interesting jobs.
5. Cost effective & productivity.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Security issues.
2. Dominant culture.
3. Implementation expenses.
4. As technology improves, task that were formally
performed by human employees are carried out by
computer systems.

15. CONCLUSION
As science advances, new scientific fields are
emerged. Here we studied about four main emerging
branches in science are Nanotechnology, Bioinformatics
Geoinformatics , Information technology. All are very
helpful for educational field & for effective teaching
learning process. But each of them has their own
advantages &disadvantages.

16. REFERENCES
1.www.wikipedia.org/wikipedia/nanotechnology
2.https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics
3.www.geoinformatics.com
4.www.webopedia.com/term/informationtechnol
ogy
Corrected by
Smitha I G
Asst. Prof. in Physical Science
F.M.T.C Mylapore.