Deepa St.mary's college

1. Smt. Deepa K C
Assistant Professor
Department of B.Voc in Multimedia
St. Mary’s College, Thrissur

2. OBJECTIVE
1. MEANING OF MULTIMEDIA
2. ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA
3. TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
4. APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMEDIA
5. REFERENCE

3. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
MEANING OF MULTIMEDIA
❖ Information or Data, is stored in different forms could be combined
and used in different combinations.
❖ Multimedia devices are electronic media devices. It used to input
and out put multimedia content. This process has given rise to the
term ‘Multi-media’.
❖ Multimedia means the combination of different media like text,
sound, and/or motion video.

4. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Interactive Multimedia
❖ Interactive multimedia shift the user’s role from observer to
participant and are considered the next generation of electronic
information systems. interactive multimedia systems under
commercial development by the mid-1990s
❖ In other words is multimedia which gives the user some
navigational controls. A good example is the Internet.
❖ Simple interactions that simply start movie clips, audio segments
animations etc are very common.
❖ Recently complex interactions between media is available.

5. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
ELEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE/
GRAPHICS
TEXT
VIDEOAUDIO/SOUND
ANIMATION

6. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Text
❖ Text can be of various types
Plaintext: Consisting of fixed sized characters have
essentially the same type of appearance.
Formatted text: where appearance can be changed using font
parameters
Hypertext : which can serve to link different electronic
documents and enable the user to jump from
one to other in a non linear way

7. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Text
❖ Internally text is represented via binary codes as per the ASCII table
Fonts and Faces:
❖A type face is a family of graphics characters that usually includes
many type size and styles.
❖ Font is collection of a character of a single size and style.
Choosing Text Fonts
❖Decorative fonts that cannot be read are useless
❖Use as few different faces as possible in the same work.
❖In text blocks, adjust the leading for the most pleasing line spacing.

8. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Text
❖Vary the size of a font in proportion to the importance of the
message you are delivering
❖Use Anti-aliasing text use to gentle and blended look for titles
and headlines. It also the blends the color along the edges of the
letters called Dithering to create a soft transition between the letter
and its background.
Serif & Sans Serif
❖ it is simplest way to categorize a typeface . San is French for
“without”.

9. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Text
❖ The serif is the little decoration at the end of a letter stroke. Eg:
Times New Roman
EX : Serif Font EX: San Serif Font

10. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Image/ Graphics
❖ The Pictures can be broadly classified into two group – Image
& Graphics
❖ Images can either be pure black and white, or grayscale having a
number of grey shades or color containing a number of color
shades.
❖ Still images are generated in computer two way
1. Bitmap ( Paint Graphics) / Raster image
2. Vector ( drawn)

11. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
❖ Bitmap are used for photo realistic image (suitable for
representing continuous tone photographic pictures.)
❖ Image resolution refers to the number of pixel in a digital
image. (Higher resolution is better quality).
❖ A bitmap image when magnified to larger sizes leads to the
increase in distance between pixels. Individual pixel become
visible as single colored squares and image take on a boxy
appearance with degradation in quality , the process is called
Pixelation.

12. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Pixelation.

13. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Graphic/ Image Date Types :-
❖ Image consist of Pixel /pels. (Picture elements in digital
images).
❖ Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 /1), such image is also
referred to as a binary image. Binary image also called 1-bit
monochrome image . Each bit is most commonly set to black
and white. A 640 x 480 monochrome image require 38.4
kilobytes of storage

14. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
❖ 8-bit images : Each pixel has a gray value between 0 and 255.
Each pixel represented by a single byte. 8 bit image requires
each pixel to be represented by an 8-bit number and can display
a total of 28 or 256 colors.
❖ 24-bit color images : Each pixel is represented by three bytes,
usually representing RGB. Each value is in range 0-255. 24-bit
color images are actually stored as 32- bit images, with the extra
bytes of data for each pixel storing an alpha (α) value
representing special- effect information.

15. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Audio/Sound
❖ Sound is form of Energy. It is generated from vibrating objects and
can flow through a material medium form one place to another.
Sound is usually represented as a waves, (Periodic and aperiodic
waves. Periodic waves matching a musical sound. A periodical
wave corresponding to the noise. )
❖ The amplitude of sound waves corresponding to loudness.
❖ The frequency corresponds to its Pitch
❖ Human Sound Frequency - 20 Hz to 20000Hz
❖ Speed a sound wave is also characterized by its speed.

16. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Audio/Sound
❖ Acoustics is the branch of physics that studies sound. Sound
pressure level (loudness or volume) are measured in decibels (db).
❖ A decibel measurement is actually the ratio between a chosen
reference point on a logarithmic scale and the level that is actually
experienced.
Digital Audio
❖ sound wave using numbers- a process referred to as digitizing.
❖ Digitized sound is sampled sound. A sample of sound is taken and
stored as digital information in bits and bytes.

17. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Audio/Sound
❖ The quality of the digital recording depends upon how often the
samples are taken
❖ Sample rate or frequency measured in kilohertz or thousands of
samples per second
Original Waveform

18. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Audio/Sound
Sampling Frequency
❖ The value of each sample is rounded off to the nearest integer
(Quantization). It can produce and unwanted background hissing
noise, and clipping may severely distort the sound.

19. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Video
❖ Combination of image and audio. It includes set of images called
Frames.
❖ Frame displayed to the user one after another ar a specific speed,
known as the frame rate
❖ Frame rate measured in number of frame per second(fps).
❖ Frame rate should range between 20 to 30 for perceiving smooth
realistic motion.
❖ Audio is added and merge the apparent movement of the image.
Audio associated with video require 27 MB of minimum space
used in disc.

20. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Video
❖ For ex. 24-bit 640 x 480. 20 minute clip fill up 32 GB. So only
solution Compression Data
❖ Film playback is usually at 24 fps while for video signal the
playback rate varies from 25fps for PAL standard to 30 fps for
NTSC.

21. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Animation
❖ Animate means “ to give life to”
❖Animation are created from a sequence of still image.
❖Animation can also involve a model , which is changed by small
amount at a time and then repeatedly photograph . This type of
animations is called to stop motion animation.
❖In multimedia, 2D and 3D digital animation is used.
❖Animation is a dynamic and media-rich content – a very powerful
form of communication.

22. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
❖Linear Multimedia is a type of a multimedia that is designed to be
presented in a sequential manner, the active content progresses
without any navigational control for the viewer
❖Linear Multimedia may also be referred to as “Passive Multimedia”
because of the viewer is a passive receiver of the multimedia
content most of the time.
❖ For example a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and
animations.

23. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
❖ Non-linear Multimedia uses interactivity to control progress as with
a video game or self-paced computer based training.
❖ The person needs to interact with a computer program, thus making
him in control of the experience. Or
❖ With the presence of an interface, the person and the computer
interacts with each other.
❖ Example: A Website , A search engine’s home page

24. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
APPLICATION OF MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Applications is the creation of exciting and innovative
multimedia systems that communicate information customized to the
user in a non-linear interactive format. Many applications of multimedia
in this web world. They are as follows:
1. Multimedia in Entertainment
2. Multimedia in Business
3. Multimedia in Software
4. Multimedia in Education and Training
5. Multimedia on the Web

25. Introduction to Multimedia Deepa K.C, St.Mary's College, Thrissur
Reference
1. Principles of Multimedia – RANJAN PAREKH
2. Multimedia Making it work- Tay vaughan
3. Fundamentals of Multimedia-Ze-Nian Li Mark S. Drew.
4. https://www.omicsonline.org/conferences-list/multimedia-
tools-and-applications
5. https://edu.glogster.com/glog/five-basic-types-of-
multimedia/1uonnfuqpsh