This slide gives a brief discussion of the multimedia. This is based on Anita Goel's Computers Fundamentals. You can have a clear vision of the devices, video, audio and animations.

1. MULTIMEDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
SHRIJAY TULADHAR

3. INTRODUCTION
Multimedia composed of two words: “multi” and “media”
Multi means many and media are the means through which
information is shared
Allows the user and the multimedia application to respond to
each other
Also called digital multimedia system since multimedia
systems are integrated with computers
Concerned with computer controlled integration of text,
graphics, video, animation and any other media , where every
type of information can be represented , stored, transmitted

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEM
Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
Multimedia systems are integrated.
The information they handle must be represented digitally.
The interface to the final presentation of media is usually
interactive.

5. COMPUTER CONTROLLED
• Producing the content of the information – e.g. by using the
authoring tools, image editor, sound and video editor
• Storing the information – providing large and shared capacity
for multimedia information.
• Transmitting the information – through the network.
• Presenting the information to the end user – make direct use of
computer peripheral such as display device (monitor) or sound
generator (speaker).

6. INTEGRATED
• All multimedia components (audio, video, text, graphics) used
in the system must be somehow integrated.
• Every device, such as microphone and camera is connected to
and controlled by a single computer.
• A single type of digital storage is used for all media type.
• Video sequences are shown on computer screen instead of TV
monitor.

7. INTERACTIVITY
• Level 1: Interactivity strictly on information delivery. Users
select the time at which the presentation starts, the order, the
speed and the form of the presentation itself.
• Level 2: Users can modify or enrich the content of the
information, and this modification is recorded.
• Level 3: Actual processing of users input and the computer
generate genuine result based on the users input.

8. DIGITAL REPRESENTED
• The process involved in transforming an analog signal to digital
signal is called digitization

9. ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA
POORNIMA PAUDEL

10. ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

11. TEXT
• Basic media for many multimedia system
• Communicate in the form of words, paragraphs and
sentences
• Multimedia application depend on text for many things
including:
i. Page titles
ii.Delivering information in multiple paragraphs or
sentences
iii. Labels of pictures
iv. Instruction for operating the application

12. • TYPE FACE
• Typeface is a family of graphic
characters that usually includes many
type sizes and styles
• TEXT FONT
• Collection of a characters of single size
and
style belonging to a particular type face
family
• TRACKING

13. TEXT EFFECTS:
Special effects added to the text
for visual impact (2D or 3D)
Word art provides special effect
to the text
TEXT ANIMATION
Used to make text move, change
or flash
MS-Word and PowerPoint can be
used for text animation

14. Digital Text File
Format

15. Digital representation of non text information such as
drawing, chart, or photograph
USE OF GRAPHICS:
To add emphasis
Direct attention
Illustrate concepts
Provide background content
1. VECTOR GRAPHICS
2. BITMAP GRAPHICS
GRAPHICS

16. While using graphics :
 Determine the best balance between size and
quality
Use appropriate graphics for intended purpose
Choose appropriate file formats

17. GRAPHIC FILE FORMAT

18. Image created with software that uses
geometric formulas to represent images
Composed of individual element. Eg: arc, line,
polygon
Can be created using any drawing software/
illustrator

20. BITMAP
GRAPHICS
 Bitmap graphics are also called raster graphics
 Represent the picture as an array of dots, pixels
 Are resolution dependent and generate large file size
 Paint program and photo editing programs and bitmap based
programs
 Some of the commonly used bitmap editors are:
 Adobe Photoshop
 Paint shop pro
 3D studio
 Corel photo paint

21. VECTOR GRAPHICS AND BITMAP GRAPHICS

23. Image resolution
 Number of pixels in the digital image
relative to physical size of original material
 Measured in dots per inch(dps)
 Higher the resolution, better is the picture
Image color
 RGB model ( Red Green Blue model)
gives us a large spectrum of colors
 HSL model ( Hue Saturation Lightness
model)
classification of color attributes depends
upon three attributes of color : hue,

24. Image file size
Size of graphic file is
dependent upon 3 things:
•Dimension of graphics
(height and width)
•Bit depth ( amount of
information stored in
each pixel)
•Compression ( amount
of compression used)

25. Image capture
Graphic images can
be created :
• Created from editor
• Loaded from
devices that
capture graphic
images

26. Audio is the best way to attract audience
Sound can also be combined in multimedia presentation that enhances
the effect of graphic presentation, video or animation
Use of sound as:
1. Music
 background
Attention grabber
Sound effect
2. Speech
 narration
 instruction

28. Properties of sound
Amplitude – relative loudness or volume of sound
Frequency – vibrations per second
for human ear frequency range is 20Hz to 20 KHz
Bandwidth – difference between highest and lowest frequency
DIGITALIZATION OF AUDIO
Audio is analog in nature, so need to be digitalized.
Representing in digital form is done by :
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
and the reverse is :
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)

29. Sound sampling :
Process that converts
the analog signal to
the digital format, as
described in above
figure.

31. MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM
DHIRAJ RAUT

32. VIDEO
• Video together with audio is the most effective means of
communication
• Digital video is used in making of movies, gaming, IT industry,
etc.

33. ANALOG AND DIGITAL VIDEO
•Analog video is a video signal transferred by an analog
signal.
• It contains Luminance, brightness(Y) and Chrominance(C).
• It is used in television production applications.
•Digital Video allows cut, paste or edit with special effects.
• Digital video signal have higher quality.
• It is adapted using SDI, DVI, HDMI and DPI.

34. VIDEO EDITING
• It is the manipulation and arrangement of video shots.
• Editing involves removing frames, inserting frames, mixing
audio wit video, creating special effects, superimposing clips,
adjusting transparency, adjusting volume of audio.
• Some of the video editing software are Adobe Premiere, Adobe
AfterEffects CS4, Strata Avid Video.

35. DIGITIZING ANALOG VIDEO
• The process of digitizing analog video is called video capture.
• Video is captured using plug-in cards called video capture
cards.
• It accepts video input and audio input through different cable.
• Software synchronizes the two channels of audio and video.
• Digital cameras can directly record digital video and that can
stored on the hardware.

36. VIDEO COMPRESSION
• Digital videos files are extremely large files that takes large
amount of space on hard disk.
• Compression restructures the data to reduce the size of the
file.
• Several compression/ decompression (codec) algorithms are
available for compressing purpose.
• Codecs may be asymmetric/symmetric; software based,
hardware based, or both.

37. VIDEO FILE FORMATS
• Audio Video Interleave (.avi)
• Windows Media video (.wmv)
• MPEG 4-Part 14 (.mp4)
• Moving Picture Experts Group [MPEG] (.mpg, .mp2, .mpeg)
• 3rd Generation Partnership Project[3GPP] (.3gp)
• Flash Video[FLV] (.flv)
• Matroska (.mkv)
• WebM (.webm)

38. VIDEO ON INTERNET
Streaming Video
• It allows transmitting of real video over internet.
• The video file takes a few seconds to load before starting the
image.
• If the transmission slows down, the reverse of video available to the
user’s computer memory is used for uninterrupted viewing.
• VDOLive, RealVideo, Web Theather, and Stream works are some of
the streaming products.

39. Surround Video
• It allows the user to turn the image around in a Web page and
interact with it from every angle.
• Used for displaying products allowing users to zoom in to any point
and click on the URL links.

40. ANIMATION
• Animation is the creating of an illusion of movement from series
of still drawings.
• Animation requires four steps-
1. Story board layout defines the outline of the action and motion
of sequence.
2. Definition of objects defines the movement of each object.
3. Key frame specifications gives the detailed drawing of the scene
of animation at a particular time.
4. Generation of in-between frames defines the number of
intermediate frames between key frames.

41. CREATION OF ANIMATION
LOOPING
• It is the process of playing the animation continuously.
• It is used if the animation requires a basic few frames to be created.
MORPHING
• It means changing of shape.
• It is used to make object appear as if it is physically changing its shape.
• Used to make an object appear run, move, dance, expand, contract, etc.
RENDERING
• It is process to create an image from data file.
• Animation requires 30 rendering per second.
• This will result in the real motion of the object and thus animation.

42. MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM
INPUT DEVICES:
Digital Camera, Scanner, Microphone, Mouse, Joystick, IR remotes, etc.
OUTPUT DEVICES:
Speakers, Monitors, Color Printers, VR sets, etc.
STORAGE DEVICES:
Hard disks, DVD drives, ZIP drives, etc.
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS:
Ethernet, Token Ring, FFDI, ATM, intranets, internet, etc.

43. COMMUNICATION DEVICES:
Modem, Network Interface Cards.
SOFTWARE:
MS Word. MS PowerPoint, Cool Edit, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe
Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, Windows Movie Maker, iMovie, 3D
Studio Max, Maya

44. DESIRABLE FEATURES OF MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEM
• Very high processing power
• Large Storage units and large memory
• Multimedia Capable File System
• File Formats
• Efficient and fast I/O
• Special Operating System
• Network Support for Internet
• Software Tools

45. APPLICATIONS OF
MULTIMEDIA
ANKIT BHATTARAI

46. MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
• In Education
• In Entertainment
• In Training
• In Business
• Virtual Reality

47. IN EDUCATION
• For Students and teachers
• Imparting Education
• Self-learning CD-ROMs
• E-learning Programs
• Synchronous Learning Technology

48. IN ENTERTAINMENT
• Photo Editing
• Video Editing
• Craft and Design
• Games
• Animations
• Visual Effects

49. IN TRAINING
Online Training
• It includes media like online videos and other tools for training.
• It lets the trainee to learn at their own place.
Simulation
• It creates a virtual scenario in front of the trainee.
• It is far cheaper and safer way to train a person.
• Used in aircraft, driving and space training.

50. IN BUSINESS
• Better Presentations
• Attractive advertisement
• Staff Training Application

51. VIRTUAL REALITY
• A computer simulation of reality using 3D graphics and sound
effects, with user interfaces such as special goggles and gloves.
• It creates a lifelike environment for entertainment, and training.
• It is of two types: Non-Immersive and Immersive Virtual Reality.
• Used in military, sports, education, business, medical and
entertainment.