DEBANJALI SAHA- National Housing Policy 1992

SIGN NORTHSCHOOL OF PLANNING AND
ARCHITECTURE DELHI (SPA D)
Environmental Planning Studio
PRESENTED BY:
 DEBANJALI SAHA
 SANGYE DAWA MYES
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, DELHI
MARCH, 2019
NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY 1988,1994

NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY 1988
DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
SUBJECT: URBAN AND RURAL HOUSING POLICIES
Debanjali Saha, Sangye Dawa Myes

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
INTRODUCTION:
• The policy was formulated by the government on 1988
• Revised on 1992 and adopted by both houses of the parliament on July 1992.
• Laid emphasis on the need for public sector to play the role of the facilitator of the housing process and create
the enabling environment in which there can be easy flow of funds to the housing sector.
 SHELTER – basic human need after food and clothing.
 Need to give high priority to HOUSING SECTOR, particularly AFFORDABLE HOUSING.
 Encouraging Middle Income Housing to prevent diversion of LIG to HIG.
NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY GOALS
 Provide shelter
 Improvement in health, sanitation an d education sectors.
 Creating employment opportunities.
 Increasing productivity.
 Improving inter-personal equity.
 Strong motivator for voluntary savings.
The National Housing Policy has 4 basic objectives:
ENCOURAGE
INVESTMENT IN
HOUSING
AFFORDABLE
SHELTER FOR THE
HOUSELESS
PROMOTE REPAIR,
RENOVATION AND
UPGRADATION OF EXISTING
HOUSING STOCK
PRESERVE NATION’S
RICH CULTURAL
HERITAGE

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
METHODOLOGY:
Providing security of tenure
Making available affordable developed land
Developing a good institutional structure for providing finance
Recognizing the importance of informal sector
Involving various programmes for affordable housing for disadvantaged sections of society
Promoting research and development. (building materials and technology)
Encourage production of standardised building materials.
Improving and upgrading construction skills.
Giving importance to co-operative and group housing.
Reviewing relevant laws to remove constraints to housing activity
Encourage adoption of traditional human settlements planning concepts
Developing architecture relevant to Indian life style
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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
PRIORITIES:
 Making affordable shelter available to the houseless.
 Emphasis on the construction of houses for scheduled castes and tribes.
 Expand house construction for the EWS and LIG.
 Provide appropriate shelter to people in the disaster prone area.
 Restrict the growth of slums and provide basic facilities in existing ones.
 Encourage planned house building with reasonable access to employment.
 To remove legal, administrative and institutional constraints to housing.
 Improve accessibility to housing finance system.
 To develop low cost building materials and promoting their use.
 To promote growth of building centres.
1. REPAIRS AND RENEWAL OF HOUSING::
REPAIRS AND
RENEWAL
PROGRAMMES
RENT CONTROL
LAWS
PERIODIC
INCREASE OF
RENT AND TIMELY
REPAIRS.
FINANCE
PROVIDED
FOR TIMELY
REPAIRS.
HOUSE
REPAIR
FINANCING

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
2. LEGISLATION:
 Rent control laws were to be reviewed and amended to balance the interests of the landlords and
tenants.
 The urban land ceiling act were to be amended to promote housing and make more land available for
EWS and LIG.
 Provision relating to mortgages were to be amended to have a speedy process of foreclosure.
 Legal measures were to be taken to declare housing as an Industry.
 Emphasis were to be laid on corporate development in the congested and high land value areas. Various
housing related controls were to be amended to become facilitators rather than constraints of housing
activity.
 Laws and development regulations were to be revised for the optimum use of land so as to maintain a
density a city can sustain.
 Various norms and standards were to be made flexible to promote a performance oriented approach
rather than a restrictive one.
 Various rules were to be reviewed to provide conservation of buildings of historic, cultural importance.
3. LAND:
A NEED FOR LAND
DEVELOPMENT
POLICY.
CONTINUING THE SCHEME
OF RURAL HOUSE SITES –
CUM – CONSTRUCTION
ASSISTANCE.
FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE WILL BE
PROVIDED TO THE
RURAL PEOPLE.
SETTING UP OF LAND
BANK.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
4. HOUSING FINANCE:
 Setting up National Housing Bank.
a) Promote base level institutions and provide them with capital and expertise in initial years.
b) Identify various constraints relating to development of housing finance and removing them.
c) Regulate the working of housing finance institutions.
d) Provide refinance facilities.
e) Mobilise resources for the housing sector.
 Innovative savings and mortgage instruments were to be developed.
 Special incentives were to be provided to the salaried employees (public and private) to save for housing.
 Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) has played an important role in development of
public sector housing.
 Institutions like co-operatives, loan and saving association etc, will be promoted for mobilising savings.
 Cent percent subsidy for housing programmes were to be withdrawn.
 Public sector agencies will concentrate on development of land , laying infrastructure and services and
provision of housing for the EWS and LIG.
5. FISCAL INCENTIVES:
ATTRACTING VARIOUS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN
HOUSING.
CONCESSION IN TAXES BETWEEN
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS,
DEVELOPERS AND FIRST OWNERS.
INCENTIVES TO NEW BUILDING
MATERIALS PRODUCED OUT OF
AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL
WASTE.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
6. BUILDING MATERIALS:
NEW BUILDING MATERIALS
USING LATEST TECHNOLOGY
WERE TO BE PROMOTED.
USE OF LOW ENERGY
CONSUMING
MATERIALS
PREFAB
TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING
MATERIAL CENTRES
7. INFORMAL SECTOR HOUSING:
 Making available developed land at affordable prices.
 Introduction to Minimum Needs Programme.
 Providing easy access to institutional finance.
 Recognition of semi pakka houses as an acceptable dwelling unit.
 Promoting research and development in:
a)Improving the quality of local building materials.
b)Encouraging the use of building materials made out of agricultural and industrial waste.
c)Economizing the use of wood and energy intensive materials.
d)Improving designs to suit local conditions.
e)Introduction of low cost and appropriate technologies.
 Promoting the use of new and improved building materials and low cost construction techniques.
 Promotion of smokeless chulhas, bio gas, solar energy, etc.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
8. HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS:
HOUSING AGENCIES AND
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AS
FACILITATORS AND PROMOTERS.
WILL CONTINUE TO WORK ASD
BUILDERS FOR EWS
ATTENTION TOWARDS
PLANNING AND DESIGN
STANDARDS
9. MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT:
Improvement of
construction
skills. (skilled and
semi skilled).
Intermediate
technologies to
be used to
increase
productivity
Attempts to
improve the
working
conditions of
labourers.
Special emphasis
to improve
women’s skills
Involvement of
non
governmental
organizations on
large scale.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
10. REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL LINKAGES:
EFFORTS WERE TO BE MADE TO CONTAIN THE GROWTH OF BIG METROPOLITAN AREAS
•DEVELPOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM TOWNS WERE TOB BE GIVEN PRIORITY.
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION POLICY WAS TO BE MADE TO SUBSERVE THE REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING
•VARIOUS MEASURES WERE TO BE INTRODUCED TO PREVENT ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HOUSING STOCK.
11. ENVIRONMENT:
Avoiding conversion of rich
agricultural land to non
agricultural land as much as
possible
Provision of open spaces,
green belts, planting trees ,
etc. shall be reviewed and
enforced.
Use of energy efficient
devices and promotion of
use of solar energy , bio gas,
etc.
12. NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS:
INVOLVEMENT OF NGO IN
PLANNING AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-
POVERTY AND MNP
NGO- CONTRIBUTE WITH
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILL
AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
PROMOTE VOLUNTARY
ORGANIZATION OF THE
POOR

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
13. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM:
14. HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION:
APPROPRIATE
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Will include –
information on land, housing
stock, relevant laws and
regulations, building material and
technology, finance
At central level, data
bank on housing will be
developed.
POTENTIAL FOR INFINITE
APPLICATION OF
TRADITIONAL
ARCHITECTURE IN
HOUSING
PROMOTE SUCH
INNOVATIVE APPLICATION
REVIEW EXISTING
LAWS TO FACILITATE
CONSERVATION OF
BUILDINGS

DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY (1994)

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
 Sangye Dawa Myes
 Debanjali Saha
To assist the
houseless,
inadequately
housed and
vulnerable
sections to
affordable
housing.
Developing an
efficient
system for
delivering of
housing units
and
eliminating
constraints
To expand
infrastructure
facilities for
rural and
urban areas.
Having policies
for the poor and
improving their
housing
situation by
direct initiatives
and financial
support.
To help
mobilize
resources and
facilitate
expansion of
investment in
housing.
Promote more
equal
distribution of
land and
houses in
urban and
rural areas.
Promote
vernacular
architecture
and to
preserve
nations rich
heritage in the
field of human
settlements.
Reduce
Homelessness
Provide large supply
of development
land and finance to
different income
group
Promote and use
appropriate energy
saving building
materials and
effective
construction
technologies
Upgradation of all unserviceable
houses in rural and urban area –
Improving housing conditions of the
rural homeless and inadequately
housed, slum dwellers, SC & ST, and
other vulnerable sections
Provide basic
services &
amenities to ensure
healthy
environment
INTRODUCTION TO NHP 1994:

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
The following are the main elements of housing policy:-
• Housing norms
• Rural housing
• Slum and squatter settlements and housing for urban poor
• Supply and management of land.
• Infrastructure
• Conservation of housing stock and rental housing
• Housing finance
• Building materials and technology
• Special programmes for disadvantaged groups
• Role of government, private sector and the community.
• Fiscal policy.
• Legal and regulatory framework
• Human resource development
• Action plan
NHP 1988
NHP 1994
ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY:
:

DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
URBAN Area Plot area = 85 SQ.M
RURAL Area Plot area = 25 SQ.M
1. HOUSING NORMS
Housing norms would
be evolved at local
level with due regard
to different geo-
climatic conditions
and life style of the
people.
To promote cost
effective
standardised housing
designs for each geo-
climatic region.
In rural areas, the size
of the plot should not
be less than 85 SQ.M
with built up area not
less than 20 SQ.M,
with adequate
provision to services
In urban area, the size
of the plot should not
be less than 25 SQ.M
with a provision of
built-up
accommodation and
services on individual
or shred basis
facilities.
In standard buildings,
the specific needs of
the handicapped
would be taken into
account by the local
bodies.
2. SLUMS AND SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN URBAN AREAS AND
HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR
Avoid forcible
relocation of slum
dwellers
Encourage in-situ
upgradation, slum
renovation and
progressive
housing
development.
Provision of water
supply, sanitation
and other basic
services in slums
or other
settlements
occupied by the
poor
Maternal and
child welfare
services and
health care –
involvement of
voluntary agencies
and management
by local bodies.
Promote
incremental
construction and
upgradation by
poorer households
through access to
land and services
and encourage use
of low cost
technology and
materials.
Provide night
shelters and
sanitary facilities
for the footpath
dwellers and the
homeless.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
Two central measures with regard to rural housing:
• Promoting local materials and technologies
• Creating an enabling environment for primarily self-help housing that includes:
a) New construction.
b) Additions and upgradation by the rural people through enactment and effective implementation
of laws.
c) Assuring land and tenure rights
d) Avoiding unnecessary displacement or dehousing of rural settlements due to development
projects, and where unavoidable, ensuring proper rehabilitation of the households, with full
community involvement, according to the national norms in this regards.
e) Rehabilitation of households affected by natural calamities (assistance in reconstruction and
access to services)
f) Provision of water supply, sanitation, roads, and other basic services to existing and new
habitations besides employment opportunities, which will reduce the migration to urban
areas.
• Development of house sites and upgradation of rural housing.
• Giving special attention to the needs of Scheduled Castes, Tribes and other disadvantaged groups
• Linking Rural housing with the programmes of IRDP and JRY for accentuating the pace of rural
housing and also other related programmes of asset creation and employment generation
3. RURAL HOUSING:

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
• Inadequate and inequitable supply of serviced land, made it unable to built or acquire
land shelter, thus squatter settlements and unauthorized settlement was coming up.
• Thus, need to be viewed at both regional and city level. ie. All development should take
place within the framework of a comprehensive development plan.
4. SUPPLY AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND:
AT CENTRAL AND LOCAL LEVEL, VARIOUS THINGS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO
CONSIDERATION:
Optimising
overall
land use
Urban Land
Celling and
Regulation
Act to be
introduced, to
make
available land
for Housing,
especially for
LIG
Built up an
effective
information
system of
land and
registration in
the interest of
efficient
management
of Land.
Using fiscal
and municipal
taxation
policy,
including tax
on vacant
urban land, to
curb
speculative
activities, and
to increase
the supply of
land.
Encourage
the
involvement
of licensed
private
developers in
land
development,
construction
and
infrastructure
provision.
Control of
unregulated
peripheral
development
on
agricultural
lands
Appropriate
urban
redevelopment
policy.
Modifying
development
control rules
and norms

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
• Steps to be taken by Central and State Government and the financial institutions:
a. Appropriate modifications in the building regulations
b. Repair and renewal of residential buildings
c. Fiscal and property tax incentives and financial assistance of expansion and
upgradation of DUs and for proper maintenance of buildings
d. Access to material and technical assistance.
• Investment in rental housing, especially for the LIG and MIG :
a. Proper amendment of rent control laws by the state government according to
the Model rent control Law
b. Provision of houses for industrial workers in new industrial areas by public and
private partnership (Project Cost, Fiscal Concessions, Institutional Finance)
5. CONSERVATION OF HOUSING STOCK AND RENTAL HOUSING:

DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
6. INFRASTRUCTURE
Adequate investments to increase
the coverage of urban population
to 100% for portable water supply
and 75% for basic sanitation
including the total elimination of
manual scavenging.
Large investment in public
transport and traffic
network. For cheaper and
speedier access to work
places and to integrate
transport, landuse and
shelter.
Development of small and
medium towns by strengthening
their linkages with the
contiguous rural areas as a part
of integrated planning
development, thus reducing the
migration to large cities.
Encourage use of
construction
technologies, which are
cost effective,
incrementally upgradable
and environmentally
appropriate
7. HOUSING FINANCE
Evolving a non-
subsidised housing
finance system that has
integral linkages of the
housing sector with the
rest of the economy.
Targeting available
capital and interest
subsidies to rural and
urban poor.
Introduction of innovative savings
and lending instruments to help
integrate the housing finance system
into the capital markets, by enabling
HFIs’ access to the funds on a
competitive basis with other
financial institutions.
Creating innovative
banking/institutional
arrangements to cater to the
housing credit needs of low
income groups in the informal
sector through community based
system.

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DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
• Provision in the land reforms and other acts for conferment of homestead rights
to the occupants, and ensuring proper rehabilitation of those de-housed.
• Review of slum improvement laws to provide for conferment of occupancy rights.
• Revision of Master Plan standards, building byelaws, laws and infrastructural
standards to reduce cost of land and construction and promote low cost
materials and technology.
• Amendments to the Land Acquisition Act for quick acquisition of land in public
interest.
• Amendments to Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, to remove inhibiting
effects of legislation on enhancing supply of land without diluting its social
purpose and also as a specific measure, imposing vacant land tax.
• Amendments to Rent Control Laws to promote investment in rental housing.
• Procedural simplification measures including building approval procedure, flexible
collateral requirements, amendments to NHB Act to provide for speedy foreclosure
of mortgages of HFIs refinanced by NHB and introduction of a secondary mortgage
system.
8. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK:

DEBANJALII SAHA
SANGYE DAWA MYES
THANK YOU...

DEBANJALI SAHA- National Housing Policy 1992

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DEBANJALI SAHA- National Housing Policy 1992