Dostoevsky Figurative Language

Dostoevsky Figurative Language
While walking on the street, Raskolnikov is enraged by a man who is preying upon a drunken girl. All of the sudden, Raskolnikov has a complete shift
in attitude toward the situation and becomes indifferent to what the man does with the girl. In this scene, Dostoevsky uses diction, figurative language
and dialogue to convey the complexity of Raskolnikov's thoughts and feelings. With this insight he provides, Dostoevsky reveals an inner–conflict that
Raskolnikov struggles with: his desire to be protective and have good morals, which conflicts with his pessimism and lack of control over his emotions.
At the beginning of the scene, Dostoevsky demonstrates Raskolnikov's morals and protectiveness through diction. The reader understands that
Raskolnikov is furious at the predator because of his insulting language. Raskolnikov first exclaims "keep her out of this scoundrel's hands!" In this
command, Raskolnikov's use of the word scoundrel indicates that he has a negative opinion of the predator, which is significant to Raskolnikov's
characterization because he instinctively thinks negatively of those who victimize others. That sentence also exemplifies Raskolnikov's desire to be
protective because he wants to keep the girl away from the predator. In these ways, the command characterizes Raskolnikov as courageous, protective
and authoritative. Another example of insulting diction is when Raskolnikov refers to the predator as "the brute." Again, Raskolnikov uses a word with a
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What Makes A Good?
Everything is pretty amazing almost every day and the future looks pretty awesome, too. We are only going to get wiser and our lives will get
better. We'll help to change some lives and organizations for the better and we will be successful in our careers and be able to retire and live
somewhere beautiful. Of course, there will be a few bumps along the way to keep us from getting complacent. Just more opportunities to get better!
Does this sound crazy to you? Look back over your life and history; more often than not things turn out pretty great. Yet, most of us don 't believe it.
We usually go the opposite direction. One of the problems with being a knowing and reasoned person is that you 've probably become very good at
seeing what will likely go wrong. You see inherent risks and are even paid to help your peers and clients see the things that could go wrong.
Fear–mongering often appears to make you sound smart, and fearful people get a strange sort of reassurance by rallying behind a fear dealing leader,
and confidently predicting the worst possible outcome. These leaders then puff out their chest and let everyone know how they, "told you so," when
their self–fulfilling prophecy is realized. On the individual level, change may cause stress, which in turn negatively impacts health, then causes more
stress. It 's a miserable cycle. Now, let's contrast the life of this stressed person to the fate of someone who makes their own luck. You probably know
at least one person

Optimism And Relationships
Optimism's relationship with well–being and satisfaction with life has been well studied, even before positive psychology was seen as a major topic
in psychology. Optimism is positively correlated with life satisfaction (Szczesniak & Soares, 2011). A students degree of optimism is a predictor of
satisfaction with life and distress in college (Brissette, Scheier, & Carver, 2002; Yalcin, 2011). Newlyweds who were higher inoptimism solved
problems more constructively, had lower decline in marital well–being in the first year of marriage, and were better able to handle relationship trouble
(Andersson, 2012a; Neff & Geers, 2013). A husbands optimism is associated with marital satisfaction early on while a wife's optimism is associated
with greater ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are differences and problems that still need to be clarified. For the sake of this article, optimism and pessimism are shown as one dimension, with
someone low in optimism being high in pessimism. However, there are contradictory ideas about whether optimism and pessimism are unidimensional
or two dimensions. There is evidence to support the theory that they are unidimensional with low optimism being the same as high pessimism and vise
versa (Rauch, Schweizer, & Moosebougger, 2007). However, there is evidence to support the theory that they are two separate dimensions and people
can be high or low in both optimism and pessimism (Herzberg, Glaesmer, & Hoyer, 2006). Additionally, optimism studies are largely done on European
Americans so there is no clarification on the universality of the results. People from eastern cultures experience more positive emotions when they are
experiencing negative emotions so they might be more optimistic than western

The Benefits Of Defensive Pessimism
From childhood to adulthood, some people are always pessimistic at every stage of life. Dejected for their homework and exams in schooldays,
pessimists will be pessimistic about their job and relationships while working. Unfortunately, pessimists always believe that terrible things are going to
occur on them in life rather than desirable ones, and tend to concentrate on the negative aspects of life. As a result, people think that pessimism only has
bad effects on them. In contrary, Julie Norem, a psychologist who searches for pessimism for over two decades, verifies that not all pessimism is
bad for people (101). There is one kind of pessimism called defensive pessimism which is a cognitive strategy to keep low expectation, has positive
unexpected benefits. Pessimism can be good for health, performances and level–headed judgements.
As for the first point, people can keep health by reducing anxiety ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Defensive pessimism is a powerful motivation. Dr. Jeffery Rossman claims that pessimists' natural tendency is to envision. Pessimists think of
worst–case scenarios so they can be prepared for anything. With pessimistic attitude, people can protect themselves by taking constructive actions (5).
From pessimistic envisions, pessimists think that a future event will go poorly, so they should take the necessary steps to make sure that future is
desirable. Thus, pessimists tend to prepare better and feel more in control. In a sense, they have peaked in anxiety before their actual performance. By
the time pessimists set out to solve the event itself, they have taken care of almost everything. Pessimism helps produce an incentive to be successful.
Though people are bothered by the unpleasant feelings, they could use pessimism as drive to perform to the best of capacities. In a nutshell, people
could often achieve targets on account of the motivation that pessimism

Practice Careful Optimism : A Positive Mind And Positive...
Practice Careful Optimism
Having a positive mind and positive outlook are crucial to being successful in business. It is optimism that drives entrepreneurs to move forward. But
there is danger in sheer and pure optimism. Excessive optimism can make one overlook risks and potential pitfalls. This is what you need to avoid. So
while approaching business with an optimistic mindset, you also have to acknowledge that there are dangers and risks that you must exercise
carefulness.
2 Practice Healthy Pessimism
People will tell you that negative thinking will not get you anywhere. And yes, pessimism does breed fear and that fear can stop you from taking the
necessary steps in order to be successful. But there is use in having a little bit of healthy pessimism. Having healthy pessimism means that you are
pessimistic enough so as to recognize the pitfalls and risks involved in your venture. However, you are not pessimistic enough so as to allow those
insights to stop you. Instead, you are driven to come up with solutions to every risks and difficulties that you encounter.
3 Find Motivation
It is good to have the ideas and the opportunities. But even if these things are present, nothing will come into fruition if you do not take action. And to
take action, it is necessary that you have the motivation to do so. Motivation may be different from one entrepreneur to another. Find your own
motivation to success. You motivation must be something solid that you want to achieve no matter

Pessimism In Clocks And Lovers By W. H. Auden
The world is full of optimistic people who have plenty of hope for the future, but it is also full of pessimists who are there to bring those optimists
back to earth. In Clocks and Lovers by W. H. Auden, the clocks are the pessimists and the lover is the optimist. By using exaggerations and
personification, Auden contrasts the two personalities with an interesting twist. The optimistic lover floats high above the clouds in a daydream of his
own, saying his love will never end, while the clocks, or pessimists, constantly remind him of reality. While the lover is under the illusion that love
outlasts time, the omniscient clocks ruin his fantasy with the reality that Time will always win in the end. W. H. Auden uses personification in his
...
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W. H. Auden also uses personification with the lover in the fifth stanza, "And the seven stars go squawking / Like geese about the sky." These two
lines are a simile as well as personification, but the lover is still using personification to show his undying love toward his beloved. Later in the
poem, after the clocks have discouraged the lover with their harsh reality, the lover describes a glacier knocking in the cupboard, a desert sighing in
the bed, and a crack in the tea–cup that opens up a "lane to the land of the dead." This stanza depicts part of an old and broken down house that is a
symbol for his dried out love. With the personification of the glacier and the desert, Auden gives the reader an idea of a trapped glacier and a worn
out desert that circles back to the love the lover used to have. At this point, the clock's predictions have come true and the lover's love has dried out,
just like the desert mentioned in the poem. The glacier "knocking in the cupboard" represents the lover's trapped state in the love he has promised
would be forever. The clocks also use exaggeration to drive their point home. By using hyperboles to push their reminder of death farther than is
needed, the clocks force their point into the lover's mind. The clocks remind the lover "O let not time deceive you,

Optimism Vs. Pessimism In The Lord Of The Flies By William...
Those who say they can, and those who say they can't, are both usually right. This is the same thing as optimism vs pessimism. Although seeing
solutions in a pessimistic way may be easier than an optimistic, this way is not always right. In the book, The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding,
it seems as if Golding was trying to tell his readers that the human race is doomed. However, when looked at closer, he does hint at several reasons
why humanity is indeed not doomed. People are so smart and social, that there really isn't a chance for humanity to be doomed. Now not everyone
will see these reasons right away. Conclusion Though it may seem at times that everyone has lost their mind, there is always hope. For there is always
one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, if there is a classroom of students who are all trying to kill their teacher, there will always be one student who tattles on the rest of the
students for doing so. Even though the rest of the students were probably not very happy with that one student, they still did the right thing in the
end. Throughout life, there will always be the people who stick by ones side. An example from the book that supports this claim is Sam and Eric,
Simon, and Piggy. Throughout the book, none of these characters ever left Ralph's side. Even though Ralph's "tribe" got smaller, as Jack's grew
stronger and more fun, these four people never left Ralph. Although all these characters did eventually all leave Ralph, none of their departures
were voluntary. Simon and Piggy were both killed, and Sam and Eric were forced to join Jack's tribe. However, even though Sam and Eric were
forced to join Jack's tribe, they were still good friends and loyal to Ralph. When Jack was trying to hunt down Ralph, Sam and Eric let him know
that Jack was coming for him and that, "Roger sharpened a stick on both ends" (190). This shows that we are not doomed, for people care for one
another, and friendship is stronger than evil. This was also the case for Ralph about Piggy. Nobody liked Piggy. However, though he was always told
to shut up, Ralph still stayed with Piggy. It's just what people do. They stick together. Humanity couldn't possibly be

Philosophical Pessimism In Neutral Tones, By James Hardy
Talking about pessimism, it is one aspect that may be found in some literary work, such as poem. Pessimism is a state of mind in which one
anticipates undesirable outcomes or believes that the evil or hardships in life outweigh the good or luxuries . The term "pessimism" is often related to
philosophical pessimism. The philosophical pessimistic view of the effect of historical progress tends to be more negative than positive. The
philosophical pessimist does not deny that certain areas like science can progress but they deny that this has resulted in an overall improvement of the
human condition. In this sense it could be said that the pessimist views history as ironic; while seemingly getting better, it is mostly in fact not
improving at all, or getting worse .
In Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit, Joshua Foa Dienstag outlines the main propositions shared by most philosophical pessimists as "that time is a
burden; that the course of history is in some sense ironic; that freedom and happiness are incompatible; and that human existence is absurd . Many
greats writer express ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neutral Tones is one of his pessimistic poems which written soon after the death of his first wife. This poem was written in 1867 and it was a part
of an anthology called Wessex Poems that published in 1898. Among Hardy's early poems, this one has gotten much praise. The Wessex Poems are
marked by a lack of adornment; they are generally gloomy like the countryside that forms the background to most of these poems. The theme in this
anthology is disappointment in love and life. As does it applies in Neutral Tones, the theme is about the end of the relationship associated with the
scene described, showing Hardy's power of suggesting feelings through an image. Hardy proposes to make his pessimistic point by writing poems
which have remarkably pessimistic tones of his

Compare And Contrast Optimism And Pessimism
(Scheier, Weintraub, & carver, 1986) and are more planful than pessimists (Fontaine, Manstead ,& Wanger, 1993). Also, optimists tend to use the
approach–oriented coping strategies of positive reframing and seeing the best in situations, whereas pessimists are more avoidant and use denial tactics
(Carver & Scheier, 2002). Optimists appraise daily stresses in terms of potential growth and tension reduction more than their pessimistic counterparts
do. Also, when faced with truly uncontrollable circumstances, optimists tend to take plights, whereas pessimists actively deny their problems and
thereby tend to make them worse. Therefore, an optimist knows when to give up and when to keep plugging whereas pessimist still pursues a goal
when it is not... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scale is comprised of a total of 12 items, with 4 items for each subscale. The MSPSS is intended to measure the extent to which an individual
perceives social support from three sources: Significant Others (SO) (Items 1, 2, 5, and 10), Family (FA) (Items 3, 4, 8, and 11) and Friends (FR)
(Items 6, 7, 9, and 12). The MSPSS is a brief, easy to administer self–report questionnaire which contains twelve items rated on a seven–point
Likert–type scale with scores ranging from 'very strongly disagree' (1) to 'very strongly agree' (7). The MSPSS has proven to be psychometrically
sound in diverse samples and to have good internal reliability and test–retest reliability, and robust factorial validity. It has been translated into many
languages, including Urdu, Hebrew, Tamil, Danish, Farsi (Persian), French, Italian, Korean, Lithuanian, Hausa, Norwegian, Simplified Chinese,
Traditional Chinese, Slovene, Malay, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, and

The Pessimism Bias : The Optimism Bias
The optimism bias
Jazmin Arias
California State University, Fresno
Information
____ Podcast ___X__ TED talk or video
Name of Podcast, TED talk, or video: The optimism bias
URL Link: http://www.ted.com/talks/tali_sharot_the_optimism_bias
Topic Introduction
This Ted Talk is aboutoptimism bias which is the tendency to think more positively about a person's life than to think negatively. We have these high
expectations that good things would happen than bad ones. It is a positive bias towards an event before the event actually happens. The optimism bias
is a naturally occurring phenomenon that seems to become part of human nature because it is an overall tendency to bring upon good things in life
over a pessimistic bias (Sharot, 2011).
Description
In this Ted Talk cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot shared with us the concept of optimism bias and the research that she has been doing on the
very topic. She spoke about it as being an illusion. Her description of optimism bias is that we tend to think we will have more positive things
happen in our life than bad one. We overestimate the good and underestimate the bad. Optimism bias is something that people throughout the world
experience from young to old people. She gave marriage as an example of this kind of bias and stated that forty percent of people that get married
will get a divorce but people who just got married will say that there it is unlikely they will end up divorcing. Despite the facts people

Optimism Vs Pessimism
Optimists and pessimists look at the world and life in very different ways. It's factual that optimism and pessimism are both views, however, that's
where the similarities ultimately end, and the differences start to show. Optimists look at the world and life with joy, heart, and determination, and
pessimists, people who see the world and life negatively, just can't seem to muster the sort of positivity that optimists have. The differences between the
two views is most commonly seen when it comes to romantic relationships, school, and work. Romantic relationships are difficult for anyone. They are
great things, and make life a little easier, however, romantic relationships can be trying and often times hard to maintain. An optimist goes into a
relationship knowing that it will be hard, but they are far from afraid to push forward and weather the coming storm. Optimists keep their positivity
throughout a relationship, which helps eliminate jealousy and other things that would eventually tear a relationship asunder. An optimists can maintain
a relationship without negativity eating at their mind, telling them that they should be worried, or angry, or afraid. On the other hand, when a pessimist
enters a romantic relationship they do not see it lasting, and often times will put far too much pressure on their partner, because of their own
insecurities to keep a relationship going. Pessimists are constantly worried about their partner losing interest and cheating or leaving

The Importance Of Pessimism
Pessimism is a tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen; it's essential to our well–being and survival. It makes us
think of the worst possible situation to ensure our safety, both mentally and physically. Pessimism isn't just there to make us depressed or gloomy, it
makes us think rationally, logically.
Is optimism the best way to live our everyday lives? Does it hinder us from seeing reality and how it actually is? 'Always think positive!' Well, what if
thinking positive gets us hurt or killed? Is it our fault for thinking it, or are we just brainwashed to think optimistic automatically?
In Barbara Ehrenreich's book, Bright Sided: How the Relentless Promotion of Positive Thinking Has Undermined America, she talks of people only
focusing on the optimistic side of situations rather than seeing it as it is. Ehrenreich expresses how people think too brightly on dark situations, like
cancer. In turn of not thinking rationally and sugar coating the bad things, she agrees with "...sociologist Karen Cerulo" when she "recounts a number
of ways that the habit of positive thinking, or what she calls optimistic bias, undermined preparedness and invited disaster" (Ehrenreich,10). The bright
side is blinding us from seeing the whole truth, and is, in turn, undermining us. Optimism is overvalued and embraced by society, whereas pessimism is
often never talked about or thought of negatively. Pessimism is thrown aside like a pair of dirty

Point Of View Of Pessimism
"The man who is a pessimist before 48 knows too much; if he is an optimist after it he knows too little." вЂ• Mark Twain. People often assume that
those who appear to think of the worst outcomes of situations are very unhappy and simply cynical. They will often refer to them as being
"pessimistic". There are many different views on what pessimism actually is and what it means to be a pessimistic person. There is much more to it
than having a negative perspective on life. A general definition could be a premonition or belief that what you are hoping for will not occur. The term
comes from the Latin word pessimus, which means the worst. Being a pessimist does not mean that you are a misanthropist or have an evil nature, just
simply that you are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a particular form of anxiety management practice is often used by many to combat and conquer their anxiety in any situation that may cause
them to feel anxious. Author David Rakoff explains them in an interview as, "They see the world as being a little more negative than it actually is
like most pessimists, but what defensive pessimists do is they then take that presentiment of disaster, like "this is going to suck" kind of
premonition, and they take arms against it, and they envision their worst case scenario coming true. This is going to suck because of A B C and
D, and they go through each aspect of suckhood and they come up with a contingency plan as to what they are going to do to combat that. It's a
means of claiming agency and getting over your anxiety about the world". This is another example of how pessimism can be helpful in leading
better lives. For example, a defensive pessimist will create scenarios of possibile things that could go wrong in a situation and then create solutions to
either fix the problem or to simply prepare themselves for it. Once you have imagined the worst case scenario and figured out how to get through it
step by step then you won't be nervous because you're completely prepared to handle even the worst. When an optimist is placed in the same situation,
instead of even considering that things could possibly go wrong, they will

Arthur Schopenhauer Optimism And Pessimism
Pessimism is conceptualised as a lens in which the aspects of life are viewed with a sombre temperament, distorting one's appreciation for life by
ignoring its good aspects, thus lowering one's expectations. Arthur Schopenhauer is often categorised as the greatest pessimist in Western philosophy
despite never formally characterising himself as such. However, he exercises the concepts "optimism" and "pessimism" to classify certain conceits of
suffering in his philosophies on human life and existence in order to classify the 'good' and 'evil' that pervade the human condition. Schopenhauer
articulates what he perceives as the cruel realities of life by asserting that human existence is burdened by the twin poles of human suffering; want and
boredom, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The philosopher then looks towards the influence that religion has on the enquiry of the meaning of life. Thus, emerges the dichotomy of 'empiricism'
and 'rationalism' and 'good' and 'evil' in his philosophy from a higher level of existential evaluation. I have found "On the Sufferings of the World" to
be reflective of Schopenhauer's practice of rationalist thought as he criticises Christianity. He scrutinises the concept of an all–loving god, stating that if
he in fact does exist, he must surely be cruel, "for he should have created a better world than this one", p:48. I personally find validity behind this
argument. If God truthfully exists, why has he created a world that ratifies suffering? Christian ideology, however, is optimistic; in short, 'God' created
a world of free will, but suffering is a man–made evil. Schopenhauer pities this argument that the problem of evil is overruled by goodness, "we come
into the world already encumbered with guilt" (Schopenhauer, 1850, p:49). Therefore, the next question is, if humans have free will, why does it
translate into

School Is The Natural Environment For Helping All Students
On the book "How Children Succeed", Tough stated "The students who persisted in college, they seems like possessed certain skills like optimism and
resilience and social agility; but those traits were not enough by themselves to earn a student a bachelor degree." These traits are not necessary for
affluent students, but crucial skills for students without safety net (52) Students equipped with high resilience will able to bounce back from adversity;
however, destructive environment can compromise this innate capacity. School is the natural environment for helping all students cultivate the
resilience that resides within them (Nan Henderson, Havens of Resilience, 2012). For example, the graduation rate at Sunnyside High School is under
50% because students are struggling in poverty and at family problems, including gang violence. Upon that, Sunnyside High School developed
Intervention Program with highly competent and caring educators involved in addressing risk factors and cultivating resilience. For instance, teachers
and students will develop a strong relationship as family. Teachers were willing to help them and listen to their side of the story. At times when students
lacked support from home, teacher relationships are fundamental in empowering students to overcome their ZHONG 2 circumstances. When students
felt engaged, encouraged, and supported, they participated more fully and experienced success. Students gained needed credits to graduate on time.
(Students Success,

Essay on The Deeper Meaning of FrostвЂ™s Tuft of Flowers
The Deeper Meaning of Frost's Tuft of Flowers
Robert Lee Frost published his first book of poems entitled A Boy's Will in 1913. From this collection come one of several poems that critics and
anthologists alike highly regard as both lyrical and autobiographical in nature. One such critic, James L. Potter, in his book entitled [The] Robert Frost
Handbook, explains "[that] Frost wore a mask in public much of the time, concealing his personal problems and complexities from his reading and
listening audiences" (Potter 48). Through "The Tuft of Flowers," a kind of lyrical soliloquy, Frost "half–intentionally" reveals his personal views on the
theme of fellowship (Potter 48).
In the first of three transitions the speaker, most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speaker notes that the butterfly flies as far "as eye could see / (but) on tremulous wing came back to me" (17–18). Here, the butterfly seems to
parallel the thoughts the speaker has about the field and the delight it brought both of them the day before. The reader can infer from this comparison
that Frost, like the butterfly, has enjoyed great beauty, joy, and love at certain times during his life but because the "grass" chokes the beauty in the
field, the good times are beset with feelings of loneliness and grief.
The butterfly eventually turns and leads the speaker to a "tall tuft of flowers beside a brook" (22). The significance of the flowers and the brook
can not be overlooked, because at this place in the poem the mood suddenly swings from pessimism to optimism. It seems that God was trying to
send a message to Frost that the field of life can be filled with beauty and he might not always be alone in his life's work (22). This couplet of the
poem is significant because it gives us a clue to how God reveals to the speaker that, although the field of life appears barren, a brook nourishes the
ground to give life to the beauty he possesses. In addition, through God's infinite wisdom and mercy, Frost's loneliness and grief will someday again
turn back into fellowship and joy.

Comparative Essay-Music
Longing for Love:
A Comparative Essay
Jack Ettlinger
ENG4U1
Ms. Palka
July 18, 2010.
Longing For Love
A Comparative Essay By Jack Ettlinger
In the song I Just Haven't Met You Yet (IJHMYY) written and composed by Michael Buble, themes such aslove, optimism, and loneliness are all are
evident. These themes are also found in the song Love Song For No One (LSFNO), written and composed by John Mayer, but optimism is replaced by
pessimism. Both of these songs are about a man longing for love; however, in the first, the man is optimistic and hopeful, while in the second he is
getting anxious and a little doubtful. The way that the themes are portrayed are both similar and different in that they are about love, optimism
/pessimism and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mayer says that he has been, "searching all my days just to find you not sure who I'm looking for," and the listener feels his exhaustion, sadness and
most of all, his loneliness.
In his song, Michael Buble is clearly lonely, but his loneliness in motivating him to persevere in his life, and to find the one that will complete him.
The lyric " I know someday that it'll all turn out, you'll make me work, so we can work to work it out" shows this. He knows that the love of his
life is out there and that she is coming, and therefore his loneliness feels temporary. There is, in his mind, an end in sight. He understands that he has
to be patient: "I might have to wait, I'll never give up, I guess it's half timing and the other half's luck." Buble trusts that love is coming for him. He
knows he won't have to be lonely for too long.
The songs, I Just Haven't Met you Yet, and Love Song For No One both focus on the theme of love, and at first glance, can be perceived as very
similar. But by dissecting the lyrics and looking more closely at the undertones and messages of both songs, we find that they are actually almost

opposite in their approach to the mystery of love.
As an ending note, John Mayer is still girlfriend–less, while, as a true example of 'life imitating art," Michael Buble is engaged to the beautiful model
who played the girl of his dreams in the video for his hit song. I guess he really did meet her after all.
I Just Haven't Met You

Literary Criticism Of Postmodernism
Essentially, postmodernism is a very unique literary style. This is because, there are not many boundaries when it comes to these types of works. The
themes involved within postmodernist works are often unusual and off–the–wall. By using aspects such as unreliable narrators, maximalism, and
pastiche, authors within the field of postmodernism are able to create works that bend reality and provide very unique stories that intertwine countless
themes. Within other genres of literature, pessimism and optimism often play important roles in regards to character definition and plot progression. In
postmodernism, cynical pessimism seems to be an integral theme in most works. For example, in Angels in America by Tony Kushner, the author
intertwines pessimistic characters with religion in order to create a truly unique and spiritual setting. Contrary to its more polished and defined
counterpart, modernism; postmodernism denies all popular literary themes and plot devices. Modernism is often viewed as a more positive and
progressive form of literature. On the other hand, postmodern works often feature characters who are cynical and negative. For example, in Angels in
America, one of the main subjects of the story is AIDS. This is a deadly disease that at the time of this work being published, awareness was rising.
By integrating AIDS as a main subject in this work, the pessimistic nature is already setup. There was and still is no cure for this disease. Once
contracted, impending

Journey Of Pessimism In Candide
"Candide" by FranГ§ois–Marie Arouet or best known as "Voltaire" is one of the most important novels in the world literature because it shows the
reality in a strange satirical way (Braun, and Radner, 2005). The novel was translated into many languages because of it genre. Voltaire allows his
readers to decide the satire to control the individuals then to guide them to a specific intentional point; to move them from illusion to the truth. This
novel depicts the journey of the intellectual world regardless the problems of the life, and it focuses on the world of optimism rather than the world of
pessimism but in a satirical way. Voltaireresponds to Enlightenment in this novel, he used a naГЇve personality (Candide) to answer the question of the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is any of your business" (86). In this quotation, Candide tried to understand the reasons of human being creation, but ironically. The dervish
closed the door and got back to his work. So Candide tried again to find answers to his questions. He met a Turk who told Candide that they
cultivate the land to get food, he also added "with my children". This shows the Voltaire's style of criticizing the arrogance. So that, it could be
clear why Candide said "We must cultivate our garden" (88). In this sentence, Voltaire clears the idea of simple life and how those people do not
concern with other people's affairs. On the other hand, this sentence indicates the new era that Candide decided to start. He pronounced that he is
going to change the way he lives. He said that to expose the importance of working. In that sentence, he criticized the way of living in Europe that
time and how they could change that way to successful people and to be a utopian society. Voltaire was not only a philosophical person but he also
was a good writer when he depicted the naГЇve optimism as the absolute pessimism. Bothe of the naГЇve optimism and the absolute pessimism work as
generators to help people live on the Earth. Working is

Examples Of Pessimism In All My Sons
The general vision in 'All My Sons' by Arthur Miller is neither wholly optimistic nor pessimistic. For example from the opening, you could say the
view is rather optimistic. Joe, Kate and Chris apart from missing Larry seem to be reasonably happy. As Keller's secret begins to unravel this changes
drastically.
It is a pleasant Sunday, Keller is reading the paper, and he plays jail with one of the neighbourhood kids Bert. We later find out that this is a way to
charm the community into ignoring his past crime. However, there are hints of pessimism thorough out the opening scene. Some of these include the
enclosed garden emphasising the claustrophobia of the situation. The play is also set in August, coming into autumn, which is the season of ... Show
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Her motherliness is one of her defining characteristics, as Miller stresses in the stage directions preceding her first entrance: "Mother [...] is in her
early fifties, a woman of uncontrolled inspirations, and an overwhelming capacity for love." She is the power broker of the family as she is quite
assertive. Kate's love is accompanied by a need for control. When she senses that Chris is falling for Ann (which Kate disapproves of), she drops
several unflattering hints about Ann's appearance: "I think her nose got longer" and "You gained a little weight, didn't you, darling?" She is unwilling
to accept what she and Joe know thus, obstructing Chris and Ann's marriage. Allowing Chris to marry 'Larry's girl' would be another way of
pronouncing him dead. Since the disappearance of her son, she's looked increasingly to religion, dreams, signs, and even horoscopes to make sense
of reality. When Larry's tree is struck by lightning, she tells her husband, "Laugh, but there are meanings in such things. She goes to sleep in his
room and his memorial breaks in pieces". Of course, there is the matter of commissioning Larry's horoscope from Frank. Kate's superstition is a
defence against her husband's guilt and her own. "You above all Joe have got to believe" She explains her philosophy to Ann: "Certain things have to
be, and certain thing can never be... That's why there's God, so certain things can never happen." George's phone call

The Effect of an Optimistic Attitude on a PersonвЂ™s Health
We all live in the world, which is full of sadness and disappointing. We see people dying, poverty, unemployment, etc. However, there are a lot of
positive things in the world: children, who are born every day, people, who get new life opportunities, happy marriages, etc. The greatest gift is to see
the positive sides of life, without concentrating our attention on negative. According to Winston Churchill, a pessimist sees the difficulty in every
opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. In my opinion, it is really true, because the positive or negative attitude towards life
can highly influence our chances to success, feelings and even health. Positive thinking can be the best treatment for those, who don't know... Show
(Wong, 2009). Thus, we can see that optimists have generally more chances to live a longer life, without suffering from cancer, or coronary heart
disease.
Nowadays, people face different diseases, and die in a young age. Except this, the other big problem, which is quite widespread, is alcoholism. This
problem nowadays is so huge, that almost all the social and age groups are in danger. Except that, this is a decease, which can be influenced by
genetics. The experiments were made to find out the influence of positive thinking and optimistic attitude towards life, on the person's alcohol
addiction. This experiment, took into account the people, with a family history of alcoholism, and showed that optimism protects people against
drinking problems. (Ohannessian, Hesselbrock, Tennen, & Affleck, 1993). The studies show, that the alcohol addiction appears, when person faces life
difficulties, and cannot find a way to handle them. Thus, he / she decides to forget about the problems, while drinking alcohol. When the effect of
alcohol expires, person feels bad again, and the process is repeated, that's how the addiction appears. But, if the person looks on the problem's positively,
the way out can almost always be found. Optimist can find the positive sides even in the most unpleasant situations, and hopefully try different
methods to cope with the problems. Thus, the alcoholic addiction cannot potentially appear, if the person is optimist.
So, we can see that positive

Personal Narrative: The Consequences Of Solitude
Since I was absent when this chapter was discussed, I chose this chapter for my final triad paper. I believe I made the right decision as the author stated
strong claims in this chapter that greatly caught my interest, but also strenghtened my beliefs.
At the start of the chapter, Alain de Botton introduced Blaise Pascal's PensГ©es that greatly summarized pessimism and why does it makes sense for
him. I fully understand these points as I am also a pessimists myself. However, I beg to differ when he added that "it is hope that is primarily to
blame for angering and embittering us." I believe that it is necessary for people to hope–for–better to have the courage to take great actions. Although it
is also true that we should be aware of both possible scenarios of success and failure, we have to stay focused on the positive one to keep us going.
That's what drives us to live. Later on the chapter, I realized that similar to the Community chapter, the author still generalized the secular society as
feeble–minded, frail, and scared of failures.
As mentioned earlier, I am also a pessimist. Because of this pessimism, I plan and act ahead even before a problem arrives, which makes it easier to
handle stressful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I agree with his idea that "the secular world is not well versed in the art of gratitude because there is no one to say 'Thank you' to." However, de
Botton's perception of marriage as "one of modern society's most grief–stricken arrangements" somehow made me feel that he is living a lonely life.
The author futher added that humans have a need "to believe in others, to worship and serve them, and to find in them a perfection which eludes us in
ourselves." Marriage should be an important life event that you give a lot of thought before entering. Once you decide on marrying someone, it means
that you are willing to go through all the ups–and–downs of

Pessimism In Lord Of The Flies
Pessimism is defined as being "the tendency to see, anticipate, or emphasize only bad or undesirable outcomes" and the belief that "all things are
naturally tend to evil." This term is one often used to describe Lord of the Flies, a novel from the author William Golding. Lord of the Flies tells the
tale of a group of English schoolboys that crash landed on a deserted island. At first, the group attempted to maintain civility, however, as fear and
jealousy overtook their minds, many of the boys became savages of the island. Due to the novel's prominent theme of former occupants of civilized
society turning to chaos for survival, Golding's views are often viewed as being overly negative. However, those who believe this overlook the
aspects to Golding's writing which prove that even when there is no stable law and order, good will prevail in some. This part of Golding's views
is emphasized throughout Lord of the Flies by the fact that Ralph, the main character, defied the savages, Sam and Eric refused to betray Ralph, and
Ralph was ultimately rescued. One of the greatest plot points nearing the end of Lord of the Flies is the breaking apart of the schoolboys. At the
beginning of the novel, Ralph was voted as chief in order for the group to have a leader. However, another power–hungry schoolboy named Jack
decided he wanted to take charge, as he did not agree with Ralph's obsessiveness over getting rescued, wanting to hunt and feast instead. As Jack leaves
Ralph's companionship,

Critical Thinking Essay
Every day, living creatures are making decisions. Whether the decisions are big or small, they have to be made. As the decisions are performed, there
is a process that one goes through. Different types of thinking styles and thought processes are available. The way one feels, believes, attitudes, and
relating ideas can play a big part in their thinking styles. Various methods of thinking and thinking styles are used. In this paper the subject is to discuss
is three different types of thinking styles. The three different styles discussed will be creative, pessimistic, and optimistic thinking. Creative,
pessimistic, and optimistic thinking are three different ways a person can critically analyze any situation. This paper will compare and... Show more
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1). Creating thinking not only involves inventing something new, creativity also involves re–invention. Consider how creating thinking has improved
the personal computer over the past 20 years, from floppy to thumb drives, from megabytes to gigabytes. Another thinking type is optimistic thinking,
also known as positive thinking. Webster's Dictionary defines optimistic as an inclination to put the most favorable construction upon actions and
events or to anticipate the best outcome. The optimistic thinker sees the positive aspects of an event or situation and allows them to take advantage of
potential possibilities. For example, an optimistic thinker may believe that losing his or her job presents them with new opportunities or a venture into
another field. The opposite of optimistic thinking is pessimistic thinking. Pessimists "see reality and usually give their doses when others least expect
it. They know what could go wrong in a situation––which can help avoid disaster. However, they're usually viewed as the naysayers" (Whitt, 2008,
para. 5). In other words, an individual's pessimistic thinking involves stressing negative points and visioning unfavorable outcomes. For example, the
pessimistic thinker may believe losing his or her job is the end of the world, or is something that will be difficult to overcome. Any individual may
poses several thinking styles and apply these in particular situations. For

Fatalismo And Pessimism
U34700805 901 Title "The Intersection of Fatalismo and Pessimism on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality of Mexican Descent Adolescents: An
Attribution Perspective" Authors Brandy PiГ±a–Watson – Texas Tech University Ana F. AbraГ
do–Lanza – Colombia University Journal Cultural
Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 2017, Vol 23, No. 1, 91–101 Hypothesis The experimenters had multiple intentions of their study. First of
all, the experimenters seek to provide validation of a modified version of Shen and colleagues' health related fatalismo measure. Fatalismo is a
general belief, held by many in the Caribbean, that "life is a result of fate and that what occurs in one's life is beyond one's control" (PiГ±a–Watson &
AbraГdo–Lanza, 2017). The modification to the Shen and colleagues' measure was simplified language, as to be easily understandable by adolescents
(PiГ±a–Watson & AbraГdo–Lanza, 2017). Secondly, the experimenters seek to "examine the main effects and moderating effects of... Show more
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Consent forms were given to all participants, and only those students who returned with signed consent forms were allowed to participate in the study
(PiГ±a–Watson & AbraГdo–Lanza, 2017). The participants were given four different questionnaires that studied varying characteristics of the study.
The experimenters utilized the 20–item modified Fatalism Scale, originally developed by Shen and colleagues, in order to measure Fatalismo beliefs.
Furthermore, the experimenters utilized the 17–item Hopelessness Scale for Children, developed by Kazdin, Rodgers, and Colbus, in order to measure
children's level of hopelessness about their outlook on life and life events. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to
measure depressive symptoms, and the CDC was used in order to measure suicidality (PiГ±a–Watson & AbraГdo–Lanza,

Optimism as a Theme for Candide Essay
Optimism as a Theme for Candide
Just as on the title, Candide, or Optimism, Optimism is also used as a major theme. Voltaire's satire of philosophical optimism is one of the major
issues of Candide. Throughout the story, satirical references to "the best of all possible worlds" contrast with natural catastrophes and human
wrongdoing. According to Wikipedia, "optimism, the opposite of pessimism, is a lifeview where the world is looked upon the as a positive place.
Optimists generally believe that people are inherently good. These people are said to have a "positive" outlook on life, believing that given time,
things will work out in the end." Also according to Wikipedia, "In philosophy, optimism is linked with the name of Gottfried... Show more content on
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"Private misfortunes make for public welfare," Pangloss concludes." This is true in a optimistic society According to SparkNotes.com:
"Pangloss and his student Candide maintain that "everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds." This idea is a reductively simplified
version of the philosophies of a number of Enlightenment thinkers, most notably Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. To these thinkers, the existence of
any evil in the world would have to be a sign that God is either not entirely good or not all–powerful, and the idea of an imperfect God is nonsensical.
These philosophers took for granted that God exists, and concluded that since God must be perfect, the world he created must be perfect also.
According to these philosophers, people perceive imperfections in the world only because they do not understand God's grand plan. Because Voltaire
does not accept that a perfect God (or any God) has to exist, he can afford to mock the idea that the world must be completely good, and he heaps
merciless satire on this idea throughout the novel. The optimists, Pangloss and Candide, suffer and witness a wide variety of horrorsВ—floggings,
rapes, robberies, unjust executions, disease, an earthquake, betrayals, and crushing ennui. These horrors do not serve any apparent greater good, but
point only to the cruelty and folly of humanity and the indifference of the natural world. Pangloss struggles to find justification for the terrible things in
the world, but his

Comparing Pessimism In The Open Boat And The Blue Hotel
"The world owes you nothing. It was here first," said Mark Twain, American author and humorist. Naturalist author Stephen Crane would agree with
Twain's pessimistic sentiment on nature and man. Staying true to the naturalist movement, Crane wrote mostly pessimistic stories. Pessimism can be
defined as a state of mind or the tendency to see the worst in everything and everyone. Pessimists have a lack of confidence in the future. Optimism is
the complete opposite of pessimism, it is a mental attitude that finds hopefulness and confidence in any given situation. Optimists are idealists that see
the best in people. In Crane's stories "The Open Boat" and "The Blue Hotel," pessimism is displayed through a variety of elements. Both stories ... Show
In the end of the story, The Swede is killed by a gambler in a saloon, after leaving the hotel when he found out Johnnie cheated in cards. But what is
important to note though, is that the reader could conclude that nature caused The Swede to die. If it was not for the blizzard causing The Swede to
room in the hotel with Johnnie, The Swede may have never died. Although, according to Crane pessimistic view, nature was just acting as it always
does, nature is not a living being it can't be held responsible. Nature was not the reason The Swede was killed, humanity as represented by the other
characters in the story caused the Swede to be killed. "Every sin is the result of a collaboration. We, five of us, have collaborated in the murder of this
Swede...you, I, Johnnie, old Scully, and that fool of an unfortunate gambler came merely as a culmination, the apex of a human movement..." (113).
Here Crane is blatantly stating through the character The Easterner, that the five of them "collaborated in the murder of this Swede," not nature. Crane
firmly believes that nature has no motives, and nature is indifferent to mankind. What caused The Swede to be killed was not nature, it was the
collaboration of humanity's

Happiness : Helpful Or Harmful?
Happiness: Helpful or harmful? In today's society, we are relentlessly bombarded with annoying phrases like "things aren't so bad" or "look on the
bright side of life". (Inside Out Review, 2015). Our brains are wired to think that the optimal level of happiness is achieved when we refuse to think
negatively. However, adopting this type of attitude can result in just the opposite of happiness. Having a sense ofoptimism, especially on a good day
almost feels like bliss. However, on a bad day, pushing away any insignificant hint of sadness you may be feeling can put you at an ultimate low. I
compare this to the story told by James Baldwin entitled, "Sonny's Blues". The author uses a close family member to convey the damaging ... Show
Their relentless positivity reaches a point where it is irritating. This type of thinking results in a distorted sense of reality, as it causes us to over
exaggerating our abilities This condition can be referred to as the optimism bias and 80% of humans have it. "It 's our tendency to overestimate
our likelihood of experiencing good events in our lives and underestimate our likelihood of experiencing bad events. So we underestimate our
likelihood of suffering from cancer, being in a car accident. We overestimate our longevity, our career prospects. In short, we 're more optimistic
than realistic, but we are oblivious to the fact."( Tali Sharot, 2012) The choice of choosing optimism over realism it can sometimes lead to an
unfeasible expectation that can never possibly be met. When we set these expectations for ourselves or others, we feel disappointed when these
expectations are unsatisfied. We become more likely to pursue unrealistic expectations which exceed our skill level. We then have the issue of our
high ideals, goals, and expectations being unequivocal to our current talent or skill level. The key is not to push away thoughts of negativity, but to
use them to our advantage. In order to use your optimism to your advantage you have to find a way to not be on either side of the scale. A equal
balance of optimism and realism will be your best aid to achieving your goals. In her speech, Tari Shallot uses a cartoon of several penguins and a large

Pessimism Never Won Any Battle
"Pessimism never won any battle" –Dwight D. Eisenhower
I am a pessimist, I was dropped out and I even repeated one year at high school, but in the next few years I win a competition and receive a full
scholarship for my master. So, are pessimists truly capable in winning a battle? This essay aims to elaboratepessimism in various perspectives while at
the same time providing its reflection towards the author. In the early part, the concept of pessimism will be explored, including its relation to optimism
and their consequences. Following this, the paper will explain the personal experience of the author of being a pessimist and it conncections to several
pessimism concepts. Finally, Eisenhower's statement will be examined.
According to Barnett and Martinez (2015) optimism and pessimism are cognitive expectancies in regard to future events. Optimism may be
interpreted as having positive expectancies for the future (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), generally in relation to positive outcomes including
higher achievement, greater preseverance, better work motivation, coping with serious disease, and compassion with health threat (Carver et al.,
1993). On the contrary, a pessimist see the world by preparing for the difficulty in the future, that encourages them looking for solutions to the
problems they expect to happen (Norem, 2003). Research reveals that pessimism could also have a positive consequences on human life (Held, 2004).
Norem (2003) has pointed out a type of

Voltaire 's Candide : The Folly Of Human Suffering
There are two sides to every story. Indeed, while optimism may be initially perceived as a practical philosophy, Voltaire's Candide proves this to be
false. Originally published in 1759, Candide was written by FranГ§ois–Marie Arouet (otherwise known by his pen name Voltaire) and employs satire in
order to show the folly in Gottfried Leibniz's prominent philosophy, Optimism. This philosophy reasons that, because god created everything and is
perfect, than it follows that anything that may take place on earth (be it natural disasters or other forms of human suffering) is perfect as well. Many of
the characters in Candide are representative of certain philosophical values, and Voltaireuses these characters in order to prove his own opinions to
the reader. While many people may simply view Martin as a more practical foil to Pangloss, further examination of the text could contradict this.
Through Martin's advice and actions to Candide and others in comparison to those of Pangloss, Voltaire shows their philosophies to be ineffective for
its indifference to human suffering. Furthermore, through this Voltaire also illustrates that looking at all aspects of a situation, and not just those that
support one's own opinion, allows for one's ability to accurately perceive the world. While Pangloss serves to represent the philosophy of optimism,
Martin's character serves as a foil to his character in order to represent how these ideas are applied to pessimism. Furthermore, his

Analysis Of The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight In Heaven...
"Trauma is a fact of life. It does not, however, have to be a life sentence." – Peter A. Levine, Ph.D. In Sherman Alexie's collection of short stories, The
Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, we read stories of Native American struggles for survival in an American society designed to keep Native
Americans locked in the cycle of intergenerational trauma. Alexie illustrates the importance of rejecting intergenerational trauma as a method of
survival, by isolating the two main causes intergenerational trauma becomes inescapable and giving examples that showcase the impact of attempting
to survive the cycle. Through the interpretation of multiple sources, it becomes clear that the inescapability of intergenerational trauma is the outcome
of internalized oppression and pessimism.
Internalized oppression is just one factor that contributes to the inescapability of intergenerational trauma. Alexie uses figurative language to
demonstrate that the cycle of oppression is further perpetuated by the concept of racial inferiority, poverty, and failure to achieve an education in his
short story "The Only Traffic Signal on the Reservation Doesn't Flash Red Anymore". The main character, Victor, sits on the porch with his friend
Adrian as they reminisce their past and hope for others futures. Victor claims that "Indians [could] easily survive the big stuff... It's the small things that
hurt the most. The white waitress who wouldn't take an order, Tonto, the Washington Redskins" (49).

Seligman's Theory Of Optimism
Notwithstanding the numerous advantages of pessimism, proven by studies, society continues to condemn it. This is particularly due to the fact that
optimism is viewed as more superior, compared to pessimism. Author, Jon Gordon, reports, "'Whether we feed ourselves each day with negative fuel
or positive fuel ... our optimism has a big impact on our day'" (Gordon). Gordon conveys the fact that, ultimately, optimism determines success, not
pessimism. Additionally, Adam Sinicki, apsychology graduate, comments that remaining optimistic during strenuous times will help alleviate the
situation because an individual is believing that matters will only mend (Sinicki). While there may be research to support these claims, the truth is,
they fail to shed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, what happens when there is too much hope, or cheerfulness is enforced among individuals? Believe it or not, a forced and inordinate amount
of optimism can be cataclysmic. As aforementioned, Seligman's theory of learned optimism, the belief that optimism can be inculcated through the
avoidance of pessimistic reflections, optimism has afflicted the military in a negative manner. Psychiatrist, Keith Ablow states that "the armed services'
psychological stance is now influenced by ... learned optimism––wherein soldiers are actually taught to deny stress and trauma, and false bravado is
actually encouraged...'" (Ablow). In a The New Yorker article, Maria Konnikova writes, "learned helplessness [learned optimism] can indeed be a
severe form of torture. The inability to control one's environment has repeatedly been shown to create not only anger and frustration but, eventually,
deep and often insurmountable depression" (Konnikova). United States Sergeant Robert Bales' story is one of many of how a forced and abundant
amount of optimism has negatively affected the military. Bales had been deployed to Iraq multiple times, one of which he had suffered a traumatic
head injury. While on a deployment, Bales killed 16 civilians in Afghanistan. Reports show that Bales was showing psychiatric symptoms, prior to the
massacre, but Ablow quarrels that the philosophical belief, learned optimism, should be the one to blame (Ablow). When society pressurizes optimism
upon people during stressful times, it merely induces for more disputes and obstacles. Similar to Konnikova's statement, if a person is already
experiencing arduous sensations, obliging optimism only creates false impressions, and that is the allure of pessimism. Pessimism does not necessarily
always mean being blunt or straightforward during fraught times, but possessing the ability to be

What Makes A Tigger Being An Optimist
I consider myself to be a "Tigger" being an optimist. In my opinion, my dad had quite an influence in shaping my character more towards a
"Tigger" than an "Eeyore", who is a pessimist. Actually, on occasions, I still feel pessimistic during certain circumstances and can remember
feeling that way sometimes when I was younger. I feel in a way, I may perhaps been "molded" or influenced by some people to be an optimist. The
main person who shaped me into a "Tigger is my dad, however, ever since I was really young, my dad would encourage me even when I knew he
was actually disappointed at me. This didn't mean he didn't scold me for wrong deeds I have done or not to be frank about the faults I had. From time
to time, he would remind me "it is better

Yin And Yang Complementary Rather Than Contrary
Yin and Yang–Complementary Rather Than Contrary
Solution to the trouble with happiness may lay in a famously known Chinese symbol Yin and Yang which consists of white and black halves that
chase after one another, forming a new balance and wholeness. The symbol perfectly describes how opposite forces interact to create a "dynamic
system in which whole is greater than the assembled parts" (Wikipedia). Like Yin and Yang, happiness and unhappiness are more complementary rather
than contrary, as these states emphasize and give birth to each other in the natural world. Being a human means experiencing both negative and positive
emotions and seeking a balance between the two.
I would call that balance a conscious happiness, a state when one is tolerant of negative emotions and analyzes them to find the meaning and transform
Yin (darkness) into Yang (bright). A consciously happy person differs from an unconsciously happy one who looks at the world with rose
–colored
glasses, neglects the complexity of life and suppresses negative emotions. One who is consciously happy also differs from the consciously unhappy
person with her determination to be happy and change darkness into bright. Despite being able to understand the world, the consciously unhappy
person refuses to be involved in a dynamic system and chase after positivity.
Neither unconscious happiness nor conscious unhappiness accepts the duality in life, as one is preoccupied with positivity, while another, a consciously

Pessimism In Leyii Leopardi
Giacomo Leopardi (1798– 1837) was born in Recanati – a small lost town in the Marches which was part of the Papal States back in time–, Italy.
His father guided him to become a classical scholar, in order to push him in that wayn he provided him Leopardi with the best education that could
exist; including personal tutors and the accessibility of his father's considerable library that led him to master Greek, classic Latin, Hebrew, and many
modern European languages.
Leopardi 's poetry is quite difficult to taste due to the fact that he used to practice archaic. Despite its severe form, the prose is more affordable even
if it is often overly concise or oratory. However, the prose is always difficult to translate, particularly the Leopardi's... Show more content on
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Nature is simply powerless to fulfill the Icelander's demands concerning the meaning of human misery at the Nature hands, except using brutal realism:
"You forget that the life of the world is a perpetual cycle of production and destruction, so combined that one works for the good of the other. By their
joint operation the universe is preserved. If either ceased, the world would dissolve."
Since man is incapable to accept worthlessness, he will keep asking questions. At the end of the story, the Icelander is disturbed by a starving lion that
ate him. And that is how the Nature answers all the Icelander's questions: "the death of the individual". Meaning, this tale symbolizes the failure of
philosophy and science, showing that the discovered truths are unsatisfactory.
The Icelander is upset by the troublesomeness Nature continually causes and he was hoping for an explanation that he never

Optimism : Optimism Over Pessimism
Optimism can be defined as "Hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of something" (en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition, n.d.)
or more specifically as "extent to which people hold generalized favorable expectancies for their future" (Birkeland, Blix, & Heir, 2007). It's a
characteristic trait which is unique and observed in certain individuals. It's a form of mental state in which, one believes that the outcome of some
specific task or result, will be positive or good. A widely used idiom for explainingoptimism over pessimism, in a simplified manner is by illustrating
the example of a glass with water at the half point. In this specific scenario, an optimistic person is said to observe the glass as half full because of ...
The individual will mentally prepare themselves to tackle the pain and hardship, they are going through. All these can only be accomplished by
having an optimistic way of thinking. Worst case scenario, in case of a terminal illness, during their last few days, rather than being depressed and
filled with regrets, a positive mindset can work wonders by making the individual realize that he should cherish each and every second of his life and
moment is precious and valuable.
Another perspective of being optimistic, is its importance and necessity in work space. It is almost a near disaster to imagine a lack of optimistic
attitude in an organizational set up. "The limited research on optimism shows that it boosts the performance of employees in certain kind of jobs. If
research shows significant relationship between optimism levels and job productivity, the management must consider measuring optimism during their
selection process and hire employees with high levels of optimism by filtering out the pessimistic ones" (Rana & Chadha, 2017). Optimistic
employees are a crucial component of any team or a work force. The productivity and efficiency of an organization is also primarily affected by the
character, behavior and attitude of the employees. It is essential to ensure that a positive work space is maintained in an organization and various
activities and strategies must be adopted in order to promote an optimistic work force. This further enhances the creativity of

John Lennon Thesis Statement
"You may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one. I hope someday you will join us, and the world will be as one". Words which John Lennon
sang in 1971 with the message of peace to exert influence on the international society. Words that John Lennon hoped would change the world. Words
that John Lennon had a faith in, stronger than the force of love. John Lennon was murdered nine years later, with the belief of happiness and amiable
unanimity amongst mankind. A visionary was murdered, shot to death in his home. But his visions is to this date and forward, words to live by on
your own!
To not be able to enjoy the little things in life, or anything at all for that matters, to seeing the negative in everything and not the positive, is called...
According to the swedish medicine academy, Karolinska Institutet, an excessive level of optimism can be a danger to us. But how? How can an
optimistic orientation to life have negative consequences? Well, according to the medical institute, an excessive amount of optimism can expose
ourselves to harmful situations. This due to the fact that an optimistic mindset suppresses the consequential thinking in such way that people tend to
feel overwhelmed by their current moment of happiness, not realising the danger behind it, and thus an unrealistic and exaggerated optimistic
orientation to life. Therefore optimism based on realistic values is the more superior one to be used. This means that you should strive for a perfect
balance between realistic judgement and an optimistic view of the

Examples Of Optimism And Courage
Using Optimism to Defeat Conflict
As philosopher Nicholas M. Butler states, "Optimism is the foundation of courage." Keeping this in mind, "Dear Miss Breed", written by Joanne
Oppenheim, tells the story of a young girl named Louise who was interned, but had an optimistic outlook on life, leading her to appreciate everything
around her. In Susan Campbell Bartoletti's "Hitler Youth", Sophie Scholl had the courage to stand up and do what she believed was right. And in Elie
Wiesel's "Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech", he emphasized the need to be optimistic in times of conflict. All of these great leaders have had great
courage and chosen to be optimistic in depressing times. Although it can be argued that optimism and courage are irrelevant to ... Show more content on
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In Sophie Scholl's story, she writes to her boyfriend "'I don't like to think about it, but soon there is going to be nothing left but politics, and as long
as it's so confused and evil, it's cowardly to turn away from it'" (Bartoletti). In Sophie's point of view, cowardliness leads no no resolutions. She
believes people must face the conflict and accept the consequences. According to the article, "The Neutral Basis of Optimism and Pessimism", "The
pessimist . . . observes mainly the negative aspects of everything around. Thinking of all the potential dangers and pitfalls on the way, the pessimist
is likely to have little hope for the future"(Hect). Pessimism shows weakness in one's ability to resolve conflict successfully. Allowing fear and
discouragement into one's mind tends to curtail the ability to reach full potential. University of Notre Dame College writes, "Avoiding or
withdrawing from a conflict requires no courage or consideration for the other party. By avoiding the conflict, you essentially pretend that it never
happened or doesn't exist." Turning away from conflict is inadvisable because it means are turning away from an opportunity to grow. One does not
learn if they cannot face conflict. Therefore, expressing a pessimistic or fearful outlook on life does not lead to growth, learning, or successful conflict

William Golding's View of Humanity
William Golding's View of Humanity
Taking a post at the Maidstone Grammar School for boys and joining the Royal Navy, gave Golding his understanding of boys and cynical view of
the war. William Golding says, "the theme (of the book) is an attempt to trace back the defects of society to the defects ofhuman nature..." Golding's
view of humanity is clearly displayed throughout Lord of the Flies. Through the constant symbolism we are made aware of Golding's pessimism
towards society. As the book progresses he forms anallegory between the island and the real world.
When the boys first arrive on the island they are full of enthusiasm and are eager to begin a new, civilised society. We witness... Show more content on
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He demonstrates the careless and destructive nature of humanity through the boy's irresponsible actions. Using this event Golding proclaims his
disapproval with humanity.
Savagery and primitive behaviour become very popular with Jack. At one point he is described as "dog–likeГўв‚¬В¦on all fours", which illustrates how
far he has strayed from being a civilised individual. As Jack's obsession with hunting develops he goes to new extremes and covers his face in "dazzle
paint". The fact that Jack has gone from being an orderly choirboy to an animal–like savage, displays humans inability to create and abide by an
organised regime. Golding elucidates his pessimistic view of humanity through the hopeless position Jack and the others find themselves in.
Ralph's authority over the boys also becomes limited. The fact that Ralph and Jack's order of priorities are so different, Ralph's being the "fire" and
Jack's being "hunting", at once results in a division within the group. This division eventually results in Jack's dictatorship over a majority of the
boys. Jack's style of leadership is based on domination and fear. What he can't control he seeks to destroy, which contributes to downfall of the island.
This demonstrates how Golding observes the world as in discord. He sees humanity as incapable of

Dostoevsky Figurative Language

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