mutation breeding in pulses

1. ROLE OF
Mutation Breeding IN PULSES

2. Mutation
 Mutation refers to sudden heritable change in the
phenotype of an individual. Mutation may be the
change in gene, chromosome or plasmagene
(genetic material inside
mitochondria and chloroplasts.

3. Mutation
 Mutation occurs in two ways :
(1) By alteration in nuclear DNA ( point mutations)
(2) By change in cytoplasmic DNA(cytoplasmic mutation). The best example of useful
cytoplasmic mutation is cytoplasm male sterility..

4. Types of Mutation
 A. Spontaneous mutations: Mutation occur in natural
populations .
 B. Induced mutations: Mutation may be artificially induced
by various mutagenic agents. Induced mutations are of two
types:
1. Macro-mutations: Mutation with distinct
morphological changes in the phenotype.
2. Micro-mutations: Mutations with invisible
phenotypic changes.

5. Mutagens and Mutants
 Mutagen : Physical or chemical
greatly enhance the frequency
agent which of
mutation.
 Mutant: Is an individual, organism, or new genetic
character, arising or resulting from an instance of
mutation.

6. WHY Mutation Breeding
 Inducing desirable mutations and exploiting them for
crop improvement.
 Mutation breeding is commonly used to produce traits in
crops such as larger seeds, new colors, or sweeter fruits,
that either cannot be found in nature or have been lost
during evolution.

7. Mutagen Treatment and Selection of
Mutants
 Choice of material : It should be the best variety available in crop and seed
should be pure.
 Choice of mutagen : Depends upon the plant parts to be treated. Generally,
chemical mutagens are more preferred for seed treatment and radiation for
treatment of vegetative parts.
 Mutagenic treatment : In seed propagated species, generally, seed are treated. In
vegetatively propagated species, buds, suckers or cuttings
o LD50 is the dose of mutagen that kills 50% of the treated individuals.
o Optimum mutagen dose is one, which produces maximum frequency of mutations and
causes the minimum killing.

9. ADVANTAGES OF
MUTATION BREEDING
 Mutation breeding is a cheap and rapid method of developing new varieties.
 Induction of desirable mutant allele, which is not present in
germplasm.
 Induced mutagens are used for the induction of CMS. Ethidium bromide
(EB) has been used for induction of CMS in barley.
 Mutation breeding is more effective for the improvement of oligogenic
characters.
 Production of haploids by irradiating pollens.

10. crop Gamma
Raysl
X rays EMS OTHERS Total
chickpea 12 0 0 2 14
pegionpea 1 1 0 4 6
mungbean 18 0 0 14 32
urdbean 1 0 0 7 8
pea 6 3 0 25 34
lentil 1 1 0 1 3
total 38 4 0 52 97
MUTATION BREEDING IN PULSES
Details of mutant varieties of pusles developed through different mutagens at global level

11. MUTATION BREEDING IN
PULSES… CHICK PEA
• Chickpea is a rich source of protein and India is a premier chickpea growing
country in the world contributing the maximum 65 % of production at global
level.
Mutation breeding has resulted five high yielding varieties in india viz., Kiran,
Ajay, Atul, Girnar and BGM-547
• EMS is more effective in inducing mutations in small seeded variety and gamma
rays in bold seeded type.

12. nearly 72.7 % global area under pigeonpea cultivation
mutation.
using fast neutrons as mutagen was released f om BARC, Mumba .
year 1984.
espectively.
gamma rays was released.
variety CO 3 has evolved through EMS induction.
PEGION PEA
Pigeonpea is the second most important pulse crop of the nation. India shares
 Among the released varieties, six varieties have been developed through
 In the year 1976 ‘TT 6’ (Trombay Vishakha 1) a
r
variety developed
i
from Type 21  In the
year 1977, a bold seeded high yielding variety ‘CO-3’ was released.
The ‘CO-5’ which is an early type photo-insensitive variety was released in the

r
The extra early varieties ‘TAT-5’ and ‘TAT-10’ released in 1984 and 1985,
 In the year 1993 ‘CO-6’ an intermediate type mutant of SA 1 induced through
 Among all
-
the six varieties five are developed through irradiation, only one

13. and South East countries.
content and yield in mungbean .
In Pakistan, nine mutant cultivars of mungbean with induced early and
NM 94
Rajasthan and Bihar state
MUNG BEAN
Mungbean or green gram is an important pulse crop grown in South
 Mutation studies say that gamma irradiation increases the protein

uniform maturity, short stature and large seed size have been released. ‘NIAB
Mung 92 was approved in 1996


 NIAB Mung 98’ in 1998 for cultivation in the Punjab Province.

‘
The summer mungbean cultivar SML 668 derived from a mutant line
 SML
668 is very popular in
s
Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,

14. URD bean
 The urdbean commonly called blackgram is also having the centre of origin in
India. Compared to mungbean, area under urdbean cultivation is less. More than
80 varieties have been released within India for cultivation, out of which seven
are developed through mutation breeding.
Urdbean mutant cultivars released through mutation are ‘Vamban 2’, ‘TU
94-2’, ‘CO 4’, ‘Sarla B-144’, ‘TAU 1’, ‘TAU 2’, TPU 4’, …

15. LENTIL
 In lentil limited attempts have been made to induce mutations. Only three varieties
have been relased through mutation . Lentil is responsive to both chemical and
physical mutagens
Three lentil varieties namely ‘Ranjan’, ‘PL77-2’ and ‘Rajenra Masoor 1’ have
been released from India for different traits like resistance to diseases, tolerance to
cold and for larger seed size

16. THANK YOU