mutation in pulses

1. Mutation Breeding IN PULSES
ROLE OF

2. Mutation
 Mutation refers to sudden heritable change in the
phenotype of an individual. Mutation may be the
change in gene, chromosome or plasmagene
(genetic material inside mitochondria and
chloroplasts.

3. Mutation
 Mutation occurs in two ways :
(1) By alteration in nuclear DNA ( point mutations)
(2) By change in cytoplasmic DNA(cytoplasmic mutation). The best example of
useful cytoplasmic mutation is cytoplasm male sterility..

4. Types of Mutation
 A. Spontaneous mutations: Mutation occur in natural
populations .
 B. Induced mutations: Mutation may be artificially
induced by various mutagenic agents. Induced
mutations are of two types:
1. Macro-mutations: Mutation with distinct
morphological changes in the phenotype.
2. Micro-mutations: Mutations with invisible
phenotypic changes.

5. Mutagens and Mutants
 Mutagen : Physical or chemical agent which greatly
enhance the frequency of mutation.
 Mutant: Is an individual, organism, or new genetic
character, arising or resulting from an instance of
mutation.

6. WHY Mutation Breeding
 Inducing desirable mutations and exploiting them for
crop improvement.
 Mutation breeding is commonly used to produce
traits in crops such as larger seeds, new colors, or
sweeter fruits, that either cannot be found in nature
or have been lost during evolution.

7. Mutagen Treatment and Selection of
Mutants
 Choice of material : It should be the best variety available in crop and seed
should be pure.
 Choice of mutagen : Depends upon the plant parts to be treated.
Generally, chemical mutagens are more preferred for seed treatment and
radiation for treatment of vegetative parts.
 Mutagenic treatment : In seed propagated species, generally, seed are
treated. In vegetatively propagated species, buds, suckers or cuttings
o LD50 is the dose of mutagen that kills 50% of the treated individuals.
o Optimum mutagen dose is one, which produces maximum frequency of mutations
and causes the minimum killing.

9. ADVANTAGES OF MUTATION
BREEDING
 Mutation breeding is a cheap and rapid method of developing new
varieties.
 Induction of desirable mutant allele, which is not present in germplasm.
 Induced mutagens are used for the induction of CMS. Ethidium bromide
(EB) has been used for induction of CMS in barley.
 Mutation breeding is more effective for the improvement of oligogenic
characters.
 Production of haploids by irradiating pollens.

10. MUTATION BREEDING IN PULSES
crop Gamma
Rays
X rays EMS OTHERS Total
chickpea 12 0 0 2 14
pegionpea 1 1 0 4 6
mungbean 18 0 0 14 32
urdbean 1 0 0 7 8
pea 6 3 0 25 34
lentil 1 1 0 1 3
total 38 4 0 52 97
l
Details of mutant varieties of pusles developed through different mutagens at global level

11. MUTATION BREEDING IN PULSES…
CHICK PEA
• Chickpea is a rich source of protein and India is a premier chickpea
growing country in the world contributing the maximum 65 % of production
at global level.
Mutation breeding has resulted five high yielding varieties in india viz., Kiran,
Ajay, Atul, Girnar and BGM-547
• EMS is more effective in inducing mutations in small seeded variety and
gamma rays in bold seeded type.

12. PEGION PEA
 Pigeonpea is the second most important pulse crop of the nation. India shares nearly
72.7 % global area under pigeonpea cultivation
 Among the released varieties, six varieties have been developed through mutation.
 In the year 1976 ‘TT 6’ (Trombay Vishakha 1) a variety developed from Type 21 using
fast neutrons as mutagen was released from BARC, Mumbai.
 In the year 1977, a bold seeded high yielding variety ‘CO-3’ was released.
 The ‘CO-5’ which is an early type photo-insensitive variety was released in the year
1984.
 The extra early varieties ‘TAT-5’ and ‘TAT-10’ released in 1984 and 1985, respectively.
 In the year 1993 ‘CO-6’ an intermediate type mutant of SA 1 induced through gamma
rays was released.
 Among all the six varieties five are developed through irradiation, only one variety CO-3
has evolved through EMS induction.

13. MUNG BEAN
 Mungbean or green gram is an important pulse crop grown in South and
South East countries.
 Mutation studies say that gamma irradiation increases the protein content and
yield in mungbean .
 In Pakistan, nine mutant cultivars of mungbean with induced early and
uniform maturity, short stature and large seed size have been released.
 ‘NIAB Mung 92 was approved in 1996

 NIAB Mung 98’ in 1998 for cultivation in the Punjab Province.
 The summer mungbean cultivar SML 668 derived from a mutant line ‘NM 94
 SML 668 is very popular in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan
and Bihar states

14. URD bean
 The urdbean commonly called blackgram is also having the centre of
origin in India. Compared to mungbean, area under urdbean cultivation is
less. More than 80 varieties have been released within India for cultivation,
out of which seven are developed through mutation breeding.
Urdbean mutant cultivars released through mutation are ‘Vamban 2’,
‘TU 94-2’, ‘CO 4’, ‘Sarla B-144’, ‘TAU 1’, ‘TAU 2’, TPU 4’, …

15. LENTIL
 In lentil limited attempts have been made to induce mutations. Only three
varieties have been relased through mutation . Lentil is responsive to both
chemical and physical mutagens
 Three lentil varieties namely ‘Ranjan’, ‘PL77-2’ and ‘Rajenra Masoor 1’
have been released from India for different traits like resistance to
diseases, tolerance to cold and for larger seed size

16. THANK YOU