Frictional Resistance, Friction, And The Force Of Motion

Frictional Resistance, Friction, And The Force Of Motion
In this experiment, frictional resistance, friction is studied. Friction is the force that is parallel to the surface and goes against the force of motion.
Friction is dependent on the material of the two surfaces acting upon each other. Two types of friction were observed. Kinetic friction is the friction of
two surfaces in motion. Static friction is the friction that must be overcome in order for an object to be in motion. Static friction will always be greater
than kinetic friction because it requires more force to move a motionless object than it does to move an object in motion. The surface area, mass, and
angle were observes in relationship to the coefficient of kinetic friction. Additionally, the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA), Actual mechanical
advantage (AMA), and efficiency were observes as the angle changed.
Theory
The coefficient of friction,Вµ, is the ratio of the force required to overcome friction. The normal force, N, is the force directly perpendicular to where
two surfaces meet. It is the reaction force to an objects weight. Therefore, if an object is on a surface that has an angle of 0Лљ, the normal force will
oppose the weight of the object. Equation 1: Coefficient of kinetic friction: Вµk=fk/N, where Вµk is the coefficient of kinetic friction, fk is the force
in newtons (N) needed to overcome the kinetic friction, and N is the normal force in newtons (N). Equation 2: Coefficient of static friction: Вµs=fs/N,
where Вµs is the coefficient of kinetic friction,
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Identification Of Mechanical Parameters At Low Velocities
Identification of mechanical parameters at low velocities for a micropositioning stage using a velocity hysteresis model
Ioana–Corina Bogdan, Member, IEEEвЂ and Gabriel Abba, Member, IEEEвЂЎ
Abstract
The paper presents a velocity hysteresis friction model. This model can be used for simulation or control of an accurate micropositioning
servomechanism. The mechanical and friction parameters are identified from measured signals at low velocities, and with the use of a closed loop
identification method. The measured signals are very noised. The number of measurement samples available is very low. The friction model depends
on position, velocity and acceleration and includes the
Coulomb, Stribeck and viscous frictions. A hysteresis
effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The servomechanisms with ball–screw transmission are the most popular driving systems recognized for high speed and long stroke precision
positioning stage [17]. However, these type of systems could be affected by nonlinear effects,
This work is supported by the Council of Region Lorraine,
France, Meusonic SAS and French National Research Agency under the project number ANR–2010–SEGI–003–01–COROUSSO.
вЂ I.C. Bogdan is with the Department of Design, Manufacturing and Control (LCFC), Paul Verlaine University of Metz, Ile du Saulcy,
57045 Metz Cedex, France, bogdanicorina@gmail.com,
вЂЎG. Abba is with the Department of Design, Manufacturing and Control (LCFC), Arts et Metiers ParisTech of Metz, France
gabriel.abba@ensam.eu thus the positioning accuracy of the servomechanism can be deteriorated by friction.
Friction is a natural phenomenon, a tangential reaction force between two surfaces in contact and a significant nonlinear effect that is hard to be
precisely modeled.
The friction is given by relations (static friction models) between the friction force and the relative velocity between the surfaces in contact. The static
models contain Coulomb, viscous or static friction terms, and combination of these three effects, also adding
Stribeck effect. More advanced friction models that cover better the friction compensation are the dynamic friction models based on the static friction
models [9], an internal variable which provide the friction evolution
during

Correlation Between Wood And Aluminum Surfaces And Their...
This experiment examined the relation between wood and aluminum surfaces and their friction. The coefficient of static and kinetic friction can be
derived from the experiments with the use of a horizontal Atwood's machine and a Super Pulley. The static friction was tested by setting up an
equilibrium with the hanging mass and the frictional force. Three tests were conducted with increasing additional mass on the friction block. An
unbalanced force was required to test for the coefficient of kinetic friction. This is possible through solving for the acceleration of the unbalanced
force. The total mass of the system is constant through all four of the tests, but different masses were added to the hanging mass so that the
acceleration would have a variety of different accelerations to accurately solve for the kinetic friction. As a result, our coefficient of static and kinetic
friction are Ојs = 0.26 В± 0.02 and Ојk = 0.30 В± 0.01 respectively.
Introduction
According to Collin College, the coefficient of static and kinetic friction are Ојs = 0.30 and Ојk = 0.20 respectively. However, the lab material has
worn out over time, so their coefficient of frictions may be different from the regular coefficient of friction. The purpose of this experiment is to
determine the coefficient of kinetic and static friction between aluminum and wood in the lab. These were determined with the use of a horizontal
Atwood's machine
The test conducted on a horizontal Atwood's machine was accomplished by

A Mathematical Model Of Mechanical Seals
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.Etsion and Burstein[12] developed a mathematical model to allow performance prediction of all non–contacting mechanical seals having a regular
micro–surface structure in the form of hemispherical pores. Seal performance such as equilibrium face separation, friction torque and leakage across
the seal are calculated for a range of seal pressures, pore sizes and pore ratio of the ring surface area. An optimum pore size was found that depends on
other variables and corresponds to maximum axial stiffness and minimum friction torque.
2.Wang and Kato[13] presented their work on texturing Silicon Carbide (SiC) seals operating in water for better performance. In this work, the
stationary surface of the seal is textured using a Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of micro–pits
on the critical seizure load. The authors found that surface texturing is an effective way to stabilize friction, reduce friction coefficient and to expand
the low–friction range of SiC seals working in water.
3.Siripuram[14] presents a numerical study of the effects of different shapes of micro–asperities in sliding surface lubrication when hydrodynamic films
are found. Positive and negative asperities of constant height (depth) are considered with circular, square, diamond, hexagonal and triangular
cross–sections. The results indicate that triangular asperities giving the smallest leakage rate and square asperities giving a largest

How Does The Roughness Of A Surface Affect The Coefficient...
Discussion Questions: Answer the Testable Question.– How does the roughness of a surface affect the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient
of kinetic friction for a block of wood, and how do these coefficients compare with each other?
From the 'Results' section above, as the roughness of a surface increases, the coefficients of friction for the block of wood increases. This can be
concluded as the surfaces used in order of lowest roughness to highest roughness were the white surface, wooden surface and lastly the sandpaper
surface had coefficients of friction increasing in the same order. For instance, to compare the static coefficients of the first trial of each surface in
order of roughness, 0.20< 0.32. Therefore, corresponding with the coefficients of static friction, the coefficients of kinetic friction also increases as the
roughness of the surface increases. In conclusion, from the data collected, the observation was that as the roughness of a surface increases, the
coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of kinetic friction for a block of wood will increase.
In terms of the variables in this experiment, what type of relationship was being tested?
In this experiment, the relationship of the variable force of friction and the coefficient of static and coefficient of kinetic friction are being tested. From
the formula:Ојk=(Ff,k)/Fn, and Ојs=(Ff,s max)/Fn, the coefficients of friction are equal to the force of friction divided by the normal

Friction Lab
Friction is the resistance to motion of one object moving relative to another and it is created when two surfaces move or attempt to move across each
other. Friction is a non–conservative force, which is defined as a force that does not store energy. The fact that friction is a non–conservative force
means that the kinetic energy involved in friction is transferred into thermal energy (heat). One of the method is using a spring balance which was
used in the actual lab and is done by pulling a spring balance connected to a block and slowly increase the force until the block begins to slide. The
other method that was used in this lab used a tilted plane. In this method, a block was placed on the plane and then the angle of the plane was ... Show
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After the lab materials were gathered, the wooden block by itself and with the various other weights was weighed and recorded. After recording the
weight of the objects we proceeded to use a protractor to measure the angle at which the block moved on the plastic surface and that angle was
recorded (Repeated 3 times). Next, the 200–gram weight was placed on the wooden block and was slowly pulled using the digital scale until it moved
on the plastic surface and the force in which it moved was recorded using the calculator (Repeated 3 times). After recording the previous results, the
200–gram block was taken off and then the 500–gram weight was placed on top of the block and the same method used previously was repeated. In
order to find the kinetic friction force, the block was once again placed on the plastic surface with a 200–gram weight and was pulled across the
surface at a constant rate instead of until it moved and the data from the digital scale was recorded (Repeated 3 times). Next, the 200–gram weight was
removed and the 500–gram was weight was placed on top of the block and the same method used previously was repeated. This entire procedure was
then repeated for the remaining surfaces for the block to slide across which were zinc, fine sandpaper, and

Friction In Military
Before talking about what effect might women unleash in unit cohesion, it's important to know the meaning of friction. Friction is in military terms the
"cumulative effect of the small" and it's largely based on chance. The military aims to reduce "natural friction" through strict training and unit cohesion
or philia, which is a Greek word for comradeship. (Mackubin) Some people maintain that women undermine unit cohesion and thus, tend to increase
friction in the military grounds: Indeed, friction resulting from the presence of women in the military has already manifested itself in three ways:
problems arising from physical differences between men and women; the emergence of double standards that result from these physical differences,
undermining... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Defense Department has had to disclose embarrassingly that one out of seven women at its military academies say they have been sexually
assaulted." (Haley) It can't be denied that rape in the military, as in many other jobs or situations, is a reality, but keeping women outside military
combat in order to prevent rape is insane. First, rape isn't directly associated with direct ground combat; everyone can become a POW and be
raped. For example, Jessica Lynch, who was a unit supply specialist serving in the invasion of Iraq in 2003, was captured by Iraqi forces and raped
(Gerber). Lynch had nothing to do with combat, however she was still taken prisoner and raped. Second, in the case of rape inside combat units,
women shouldn't have to be penalized by being kept out of combat, but rather, men should be punished if they harass, rape or torture women. Because
rape, as mentioned, is a reality, women should be conscious of the dangers they might be exposed to when deciding whether to join the army or not,
but they shouldn't be denied the chance of participating in combat because rape can happen to both men and women in the military, it's just one of the
many dangers and possibilities soldiers must

Reflection Paper On Mechanical Engineering
I believe research is an extremely dynamic process. As time passes, certain areas of research are becoming more salient, while others require less
attention. My areas of research are in mechanical systems and solid mechanics. My general research question is how the modeling and designing of
components and systems can support engineers toward a sustainable design of products or systems in energy and transportation applications.
My primary research focuses on designing mechanical systems/components and investigating mechanical interactions between machine components.
The treatments required a truly multidisciplinary research effort span the entire mechanical systems and solid mechanics spectrums of mechanical
engineering. The research involved design, development, and experimental verifications of mechanical components and systems, and account for
parameters that influence their interactions. My experience and knowledge has led me to expand my research to account for failure of machine
components and systems with applications in automotive, aerospace, and oil and gas industries such as automotive brake systems and clutches, aircraft
landing gears, and drilling downhole assembly.
For the past few years, I directed my research towered development of mechanical systems and devices for oil and gas industries. The research involve
modeling the downhole assembly and fabricating systems/setups and mechanisms to imitate deep drilling (high temperature and high pressure drilling

Analyzing The Conservation Of Mechanical Energy Of A...
Section I: Worksheet
2. Discussion
The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the conservation of mechanical energy of a harmonic oscillating spring–system. In addition, this
observation involved analyzing to what affect some of the mechanical energy was lost or dissipated into other forms of energy, despite the experiment 's
attempt to minimize the dissipation of the energy as much as possible.
The first part of the experiment involved calculating the spring force constant (k) of the harmonic oscillator. This was achieved by utilizing Hooke 's
Law for a harmonic oscillator:
F=–kx
The force (F) was obtained by using five different weights that hung over a pulley system like shown in Figure 1, and the tension of the string acted ...
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The photogate comb consisted of 61 teeth that were each (2.00 В±0.03) mm wide, with gaps in between each tooth of the same dimensions as shown
in Figure 2 below.
As shown in the figure above, it is necessary to measure the displacement of the comb, and thus wise to establish an equilibrium position. In the
example above, the 27th tooth is being used as the equilibrium position; however, for this experiment, the 31st tooth was used as the equilibrium
position, or rather the position with zero displacement. In addition, the photogate sensor was placed just to the right of the 31st tooth, as to begin in the
unblocked position. Therefore to start the experiment, the comb was to be pulled to the right, just beyond the photogate sensor, and the motion would
be directed to the left.
When the photogate comb was released, the times were recorded at the intervals when the comb teeth blocked the photogate sensor. For example, the
time that corresponds to the 31st tooth would represent the position x=0 m, while the time corresponding to when the first tooth blocked the sensor
represented a position of x=–0.12 m. Therefore, 61 times were recorded, and the times stopped just before the comb was to reverse its motion, or in

other words, a half oscillation of the harmonic oscillator.
As stated in the paragraph above, the time stamps allowed for

Frictional Force And Coefficient Of Friction
Introduction
The premise behind this experiments revolves around the force and coefficients of friction. Static friction is the force that prevents a stationary object
from moving. The direction of static friction is opposite to applied force. Kinetic friction is the force that acts against an object's motion. The direction
of kinetic friction is opposite to the object's velocity. Frictional forces act parallel to the surfaces they act upon. The coefficient of kinetic and static
friction both show the magnitude. Between the forces and the materials, the coefficient represents a ratio between normal force and the force of friction.
Hypothesis: The expected outcomes of this lab involves the static friction being greater than the kinetic friction regarding the materials. This notion was
hypothesized due to the laws of frictional forces as the magnitude of kinetic friction must be large enough to overcome the static friction. Unfortunately,
certain errors may occur in the findings of these experiments as the Newton spring scale was read incorrectly during certain tests. Adjusting for these
occurrences, the margin of error may decrease than what the incorrect measurements could have produced.
Part 1.
Purpose:
To determine the coefficient of kinetic friction for STEEL/WOOD and RUBBER/WOOD surfaces
Equipment:
Sliders: 100g steel puck, rubber hockey puck
Newton Spring Scale
Weights: 0.200kg, 0.500kg, and 1.000kg
Wooden board
Rubber band
Electronic scale
Procedure:
An

Mousetrap Friction
The two different types of friction that affected the performance of our vehicle was the concrete floor and the elastic band winded around the axel. We
first used the elastic band connected with string but we changed it after not the first test.
The problems that we had with the friction was that it kept on stopping our vehicle. The concrete floor had some bits and pieces in the way and was a
little bumpy in the area we tested (not the real test). We solved this friction problem by clearing the concrete floor and finding an area that is not
bumping, which doesn't interfere with our mousetrap racer going.
The wheels that we used in our mousetrap racer was big at the back and small at the front. For the back wheels, we used two DVD's connected

Sliding Friction Lab Report
The hypothesis tested in this experiment was, "If the surface material is more roughly textured, than the amount of sliding friction will increase." This
hypothesis was supported by the experiment in all nine trials. In the experiment, it was evident that when a material is rougher, there is more sliding
friction. When testing the smoothest material, masonite, it only took an average of 4.6 washers to have to block move significantly across the surface.
When testing the in–between material, the cloth, it had in–between results. The average amount of washers was 12.3. When testing the toughest
material, sandpaper, it took an average of 18.6 washers for the block to move significantly across the surface. This is because with the smoother ... Show
The small washers could have affected the results because we were unaware of whether or not their masses were equal. After conducting the
experiment, it was discovered that the masses were not equal even though they looked as though they were. This could have affected the results
because the mass difference might have made it so that one block would move with less amount of washers even though the mass was more. Another
error that may have affected the results was the possibility of someone accidentally bumping the table as the experiment was being conducted. If the
table was bumped, that would make it so the block could have been moved which would make the results unreliable. The ridge between one piece of
the cloth and the other may have affected the results my the ridge hindering the block's movement. If the block was caught behind or between the two
pieces of fabric, the small ridge might have made it so it took more weight to move the block.
Three ways that this experiment can be improved if it were to be conducted over would be to make it so all of the materials were long enough to
cover the whole surface on which the block would be sliding, using washers that would all be guaranteed the same mass, and using sturdier tape.
Making sure all the materials for the surface are long enough to cover the whole surface is a change that should be made because the seam between
the two materials used can hinder the block from moving. If the block is

The Effect Of Friction On The Coefficient Of Friction
Introduction:
When two objects get in contact with each other the force between them forms. Scientists call this force the frictional resistance, or friction. It occurs
because of the imperfections in the surfaces of objects, the molecules of both surfaces interfere with each other creating a natural force between two
objects. The friction opposes direction of motion of the object and is parallel to the surface on which the action takes place. The force and magnitude
that are necessary to overcome friction can be calculated. Area of objects that is involved in the contact is disregarded when calculating friction.
Objectives:
п‚§Use two methods to find the coefficient of friction.
п‚§Identify factors that have influence on the coefficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The benefit that machine provides is called a mechanical advantage. Its amount is defined by actual mechanical advantage (AMA, includes force of
friction). There is also an ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) but it does not take in account the force of friction which is inevitable in our world.
Workinput=Workoutput+Workfriction
AMA=Resistance/Effort=Fr/В¬Fe
Where Fr is resistance and Fe is effort.
A person gains mechanical advantage from using the machine if the effort he has to exert is less than resistance.
IMA=Effort Distance/Resistance Distance = De/Dr
Efficiency of the machine is determined by the following formula: Eff=AMA/IMA*100
Experimental Procedure:
Table 1 & 2: First, find the mass of the wooden block and record the data. Then place the wooden block on the inclined plane (at 0o) with the wide
side down. The height of the pulley should be the same height as the screw location on the wooden block. Then hang a weight on the opposite side
of the hanger and add weights until block starts to move with a constant velocity (push block to overcome fsВ¬). Then record the resulted weight of
the hanger in Table 1 (as F). Add 500 g to the wooden block and repeat the process. Replace 500 g with 1 kg on the wooden block. Repeat the process
described above.
For Table 2, create an inclined plane by raising the board

Physics Of Physics And Learning
Physics is a scientific field of study that focuses on matter and energy through space and time. Broad, almost philosophical, questions are asked in the
study of physics such as 'How does the universe behave? ' and 'Why do atoms move? ' Possibly one of the oldest academic disciplines, physics is an
innately complex field. This is a possible reason that many students have trouble grasping major concepts within physics. Numerous students have
difficulty approaching physics, unsure of how to study, understand, or apply the concepts that they are learning. Two research articles discuss this
complexity of physics education. The first, written by Danielle Harlow and Valeria Otero, titled Talking to Learn Physics and Learning to Talk Physics,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the study, students ' understanding of the concept of force was analyzed. During an intensive summer class at which the scholars were
analyzed, many misconceptions were established by two observed students, Amy and Deb. Overall the major misconceptions came from a basic
misunderstanding of the term force. The readers first observe this as Amy and Deb question the interchangeability of force with other terms. During the
study they use, "...force and energy interchangeably" and question, "...if force and motion are the same thing..." (Harlow and Otero 2). Deb and Amy
continue to try and understand the main idea of force, but by not having a proper understand of what force was, they could not reach the next step of
understand where force ended and energy began; additionally, the students questioned whether forces could be transferred. After more discussion, Amy
and Deb eventually came to a conclusion but still had an incomplete understanding of forces and their relationship to other terms. Looking to Figure 2
(Harlow and Otero 4), the incomplete idea of the relationship between force and acceleration can be observed; unfortunately, the students could not
match their verbal ideas to experimental observations. Overall, in the article authored by Harlow and Otero, the audience views the general
misconception

Thermodynamics: Discussion Questions
1)What is friction?
–The action of one surface rubbing against another
–The rubbing that occurs among an object and the surface
2)What is air resistance? How is it related to friction?
–Is air pushing against a moving object. The air shoves on the object as the air gets out of the way to allow the object through.
–Air resistance is related to friction because it displays the effect of the object dropping on the floor. If there were no friction the object would just drop
immediately.
3)Moving objects experience several forces, including friction. How, and why, does a moving object experienceforce as it interacts with a surface?
–Forces define connections amongst two objects. If two objects are relating, they apply forces on each other.
4)How are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The shoe design does not help athletes with achieving victory, as achieving victory only comes from the strength that you are capable of or have.
6)What are some ways by which we can minimise the force of friction between two surfaces?
It is helpful to decrease the friction amongst surfaces to make movement calmer or decrease the wear and rip on a surface.
–Make the surfaces flatter. Uneven surfaces produce additional friction and smooth surfaces decrease friction.
–Lubrication is one more way to make a surface smoother. A lubricant is a greasy substance intended to diminish the friction between surfaces.
7)What are blisters on the skin?
–injured upper coating of skin tears away from the layers underneath and liquid assembles in the space to produce a blister.
8)How does the body produce blisters?
–Produced by kin being spoiled by friction or warmth
–A red part called a hot spot leads your blister. As your heel scrubs against the shoe, the skin becomes annoyed and swollen. This causes a tear to
transpire within the top layers of your skin, leaving an opening between the layers. Your body guides liquid to plug up this space, to defend

Friction And Toy Cars
Friction is a force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub together. This experiment tested the effect of wood, sandpaper, and carpet's
frictional force on the distance traveled by toy pull–back cars. The hypothesis was that the toy cars would travel the furthest on the wood, because its
smooth surface would create less friction, causing less of the car's energy to be absorbed by frictional force, and more of the car's energy to go towards
speed and distance. The results proved that the hypothesis was correct, the car traveled the furthest distance on the wood, next furthest and the least
distance on the carpet, because of the large amount of frictional force it generated. The data showed that the cars traveled an average of 3.53 ... Show
What this means is that an object will continue in its current direction and with the same net force indefinitely, or until an outside force is applied to
the object. In the case of the pull–back cars, this means that, without the force of friction, the cars would continue on in the same direction forever, but
because of friction, the cars have to stop their motion eventually, and that distance can be used as a measurement of the friction inflicted upon the car.
Furthermore, Newton's second law of motion "the relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma." All
this means is that, the higher an object's mass and acceleration, the larger the object's net force is. This relates to the physics of the experiment
because, for the force of friction to completely stop the car, its force must be equal to the toy car's acceleration times it's weight. There are several
variables that could have affected the experiment's outcome. For one, the toy cars were fairly unreliable and one toy car could have provided different
amounts of power during the different tests, which would have negatively affected the results

Friction Lab
This lab was a about surface area and friction. How an object could be pulled along different surface areas and then their might be different outcomes.
The labs will also explain surface area with frictional force. Some surfaces could be much rougher than others. Bar graphs were also made to compare
the differences between the different forces. Scales were used to see how much force in newtons it would take for the block to be moved across the
surface. The surfaces that were being tested were tabletop, coarse sandpaper, fine sandpaper, wax paper, and a paper towel.
In lab 4.1, "What A Drag!", a single block of wood would be drug across different surface areas. On the smoothest surface, the waxed paper, a wooden
block only took 0.75 N of force to cross the wax paper. Another block of wood took 0.94 N to be dragged across the tabletop and the paper towel. On
the fine sandpaper, the block of wood took only 1.56 N of force. And the coarse sandpaper took 1.63 N of force. The wax ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Every time another block of wood that would be added to make the mass greater, the average force would get bigger and bigger. On the paper towel,
when two blocks were dragged across the 27 inches of paper towel, the amount of force was 1.71 N. When three blocks were put on, the amount of
force was about 2.46 N. And when four blocks were added on, the amount of force was 2.92 N. As anyone could tell, when the mass of an object
increases, the weight of the object will increase. That conclusion happened to all of the surfaces; each time another block was added, the weight
would increase making the force greater when being drug across the surface. The average force of the tabletop with four blocks being drug across was
2.29 N, the wax paper had an average of 1.66 N, the fine sandpaper had an average 6.71, and finally the coarse sandpaper had an average force of 6.33

Force Of Friction Lab
The force of friction can be increase by choosing having a rougher surface to pull the object across. The surface used in this lab was a table so it was
very smooth and the objects glided when pulled. A rougher surface like sand or dirt would increase the amount of friction produced. Friction, static or
dynamic is the normal force between the surfaces multiplied by the coefficient of friction. But another way to think of it is that friction is a function of
the pressure between the two surfaces (force per unit area), multiplied by coefficient of friction, multiplied by the contact area. So, increasing the force
of friction would also increase the coefficients. Hypothetically, if the force of friction increases and the normal force stays the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There is also the possibility of human error, which would also change our answers and prevent an accurate answer being achieved. Sources of error are
that the velocity at which we pulled the object may not be a constant velocity when we are measuring the coefficient of kinetic energy. This source of
error can be found by acquiring an object that moves at a constant velocity and connecting it to the spring to pull the object. An alternative method that
can work to find the coefficients of friction is using an inclined plane method and the other is the horizontal plane method. The first method involves
measuring the mass of the wooden box and recording it. The wooden box would be placed on an incline (ex. a ramp) and a mass of 200.g would be
added. The incline would be lifted until the box slides down at constant velocity. The measure of the angle at which the ramp is would be found.
"The equation uk = tanx would be used to calculate uk. The process would be repeated four more times using a different added mass. Once with
300.gr, once with 400.gr, and once with 600.gr of mass added to the box. The angle at which the block slides down at a constant velocity would be
measured each time. Using the equation (Ојk = tan Оёk), uk would be found in each case and then the five values would be averaged," (College,
Pellissippi State

The Physics Of Galileo ( 1564-1642 )
'An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion, with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.' (Sir Isaac Newton– Law of Inertia)
Before the early 17th century, scientists were convinced that an object (pushed across another surface), only came to a rest once the force/s behind it
stopped working. Galileo (1564–1642) – a great Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher– realised this was not the case. He
concluded that the loss of such an objects motion was caused not by the dissipation of its original energy, but rather due to the interaction of a
counteracting force known as friction. Understanding how friction acts, and the factors that affect it has been a focal point of physics ever since.
Forces and Friction
Measured in Newtons and symbolised by 'F', a force, in its simplest terms, is a push or a pull – an interaction between one object and another that is
responsible for changes in the motion, direction or shape of the object/s affected. The greater the force, the greater the impact it will have.
Not all forces affect objects in the same way however. Non–contact forces are able to exert a push or a pull upon an object despite a physical
separation. Examples included: gravity, magnetism, and electricity. Contact forces on the other hand, can only affect an object through direct contact,
such as air resistance, applied force, and frictional force.
As a contact force, friction

The Coefficient Of Friction And The Deceleration Of An Object
Research Question
How is the coefficient of friction between two surfaces related to the deceleration of an object? Introduction
Besides for the fact that friction is a drag (pun intended), humans have utilised this motion opposing force, to its greatest potential. One of the most
prevalent things, though generally perceived as overused, the automobile, could be considered the epitome of friction utilization. The principles of
friction applies to everything, especially that to that of a car 's tires. Suppose if they were perfectly smooth, and to make matters worse, the road was
perfectly smooth as well, the vehicle would keep moving forward when the driver attempted to stop, due to Newton's law of inertia. For this reason,
tires are designed with raised tread to maintain a high degree of friction, gripping the road tightly and dispersing water when the roadway is wet.
Friction is quite fundamental, seemingly elemental, the automobile is riddled with friction usage. From the friction caused by tyres to the friction in
the car, making it possible to drive at all. The В¬capabilities do not end there, but with possibly the most underrated use of friction, a match, something
any Neanderthal would have appreciated. [6]
Friction in Bitumen and Sandpaper
This experimental investigation endeavours to replicate the friction caused by different surfaces of a road. Therefore this experimental investigation
requires similar surfaces to be compared. Bitumen can vary in the amount

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Forging Process
1.Forging process is done by using forging machine, presses, die, and large powerful hammers to form the materials on desired shape. This is use in
making shapes out of large material. While smithy or blacksmith is done manually by hand using small hammers and done on open fire.
2.Open fire in forging is used by fully covering for example a metal by and putting water to where the fire is needed to be ignited while in stock fire is
used for large metals that needs to be heated and a tunnel is to be made from the pack of coal where the metal is to be place and heated.
For me, stock fire is more advantageous because in open fire, the metal touches the coal which can result to damage in the metal and some of the ash
from the burnt coal may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Centre–burst in extrusion is caused by high stress in the metal which is caused by the uneven distribution of force in the cross section while extrusion is
being done. It can be prevented by increasing the friction in contact between the die and metal.
11.Some of the examples of product created through extrusion are insulated wires, hollow pipes and tubing, casing of fire extinguisher, collapsible
tubes and gear blanks.
12.Extrusion has its advantages. And some of this advantages are that production has a low cost, different shapes and detailed cross section can be
made through extrusion. Hardness and yield strength is also increased and it requires no further machining. But extrusion has its limitation, and only
ductile materials can be used in this process and it can suffer different defects due to stresses created by friction and temperature.
13.Rolling process deals with the reduction of materials thickness and cross sectional area using compression method. Material is inserted between
rollers which will squeeze the material reducing it to desired thickness.
14.Rolled product is considered usually better than of casting because the rolled product is more compacted and its molecules bond is tighter making
the product much harder than that of casting. And cast products can encounter more defects than that of rolled

How Cars Use Friction
There are two types of friction. They are static friction and kinetic friction. Static friction is the friction you have to overcome to make an object
move and kinetic friction is friction that is happening while an object is in motion. An example of static friction is like trying to push a car down the
road. It is harder to push from a stop than from a roll. An example of kinetic energy is like your tires on the pavement while you are driving down the
road.
First, I want to explain how the brakes on your car use friction to stop. There are a few major components to the braking system. The major components
are the pedal, cylinder, pivot point, brake caliper, brake pads, and rotors. The next thing I am going to tell you about is how the force you apply to
the pedal is multiplied to make more force. The pedal is four times as far from the pivot point as the cylinder, so the force at the pedal will be
increased by a factor of four. Also the diameter of the brake cylinder is three times the size of the pedal cylinder. This further multiplies the force by
nine. Overall the system increases the force of your foot by a pressure of thirty–six. So if you pt ten pounds of pressure on the pedal, there is actually
three hundred and sixty pounds applied to the rotor by the caliper. When the caliper pressure is applied it smashes the rotor with the brake pads. This
creates friction between them. The more friction you have the faster you will stop. But it will also create a lot of

Hydraulic Lab
CE2041–Hydraulic Engineering
Experiment No. 6 Flow under a Vertical sluice gate
Module leader: Dr Keith Shepherd
Student Name:
Submission Date: Mon 08/10/2012
Flow under a vertical sluice gate: Part A: Free discharge:
Part A: Free discharge y1=0.3680В±0.0005m y2=0.0280В±0.001m y3=0.0310В±0.003m y4=0.1640В±0.010m
x=0.045m
Time for 1 cube of water to pass the channel =47.2s
Part A: Q1: viii)
Theoretical y2 = 0.0262m
Measured y2 = 0.0280В±0.001m
Energy discrepancy = 0.0443J
Based on the hydraulic theory velocity=discharge / height, with the same discharge, lower height of stream flows with higher velocity than stream with
greater height. The energy equation K.E.=mv22 and E=y+v22g also show Measured y2 contains lower ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immediately after the process of hydraulic jumping, the hydraulic flow performs turbulent flow, which indicates the particles are likely to be moving in
irregular directions, which increases the pressure to the boundary, and therefore the energy dissipated is greater.
Part A: Q3: vii)
Discuss briefly the use of a hydraulic jump for energy dissipation. * Its aim is to perform as an energy–dissipating device to reduce energy level of
water flows. * It reduces uplift pressure under the foundations of hydraulic structures. * It raises the water level on the downstream side of a measuring

flume and maintains high water level in the side of a measuring flume and also maintains high water level in the channel for irrigation or other
water–distribution purpose. * It reduces pumping heads. * It used to for mixing of certain chemicals like in case of water treatment plants.
Part A: Q1: vii)
Theoretical y2 = 0.0897m
Measured y2 = 0.0960В±0.008m
There are difficulties in recording y2 as y2 is located within hydraulic jump. Water flow transforms to turbulent flow at the point which hydraulic jump
occurs, therefore the possible error in depth is expected to be great.
Flow under a vertical sluice gate: Part B: Drowned Discharge:
y1=0.4260В±0.0001m
y2=0.0960В±0.0008m

The Physics Of An Object Essay
This experiment is about obtaining data that express the acceleration obtained when the force applied to an object varies. Thus, different hanging
masses will be hitched to a cart to observe the impact on the acceleration. As the mass of the cart will remain the same, the purpose of the procedure is
to verify the relation between the applied force on an object and its acceleration which is, according to Isaac Newton, F=ma. The results of this
experiment are useful because it has an impact on all calculations about dynamic motion. For instance, the force exerted by a car's motor on the
wheels will influence the velocity of the car. To keep the car safe, an engineer will have to calibrate the throttle and to do so, the relation between
the force applied and the acceleration has to be known. Another example is the conveyor. A lot of them are made with a mechanism using air
pressure. To move the objects on those kind of conveyor, air is projected on the mobiles so they have an acceleration. Thus, Newton's second law has
to be known and proved so all the component of the conveyor keep synchronised.
Identification of variables:
Independent variable : the traction force applied on the cart (N)
Dependent variable: the acceleration of the cart (m/s2)
Controlled variables:– Mass of the cart
– Type of surfaces– Angle of the linear track – Temperature
At the beginning of the experiment, a hanging mass is measured and hitched to the cart. As the experiment progresses,

Maximum Safe Velocity On The Car
Maximum Safe Velocity
Scenario 1
The two forces acting on the car when it turns a circular path are centripetal force, FCP , and friction, Ff . As mentioned in Relevant Physics Topics,
the direction of friction opposes the direction of motion, which, in this scenario, is centripetal force, and because centripetal force directs towards the
center of the circle, friction directs outside of the circle (Madden et al., 2001). To calculate the safe cornering speed on a level road, centripetal force
has to equal friction so that the vehicle isn't sliding in or out of the road. The formula was developed in Calculation 4 from the Appendix.
The derived formula was v=в€
љ(Ојs*r*g)
By substituting the numerical values in the equation, the maximum safe cornering speeds were calculated in following table: *Note: Ојs=0.9 is dry
condition, Ојs=0.7 is wet condition
Scenario 2
In this scenario, a vehicle is turning right downwards an incline. In this case, the x component, of the normal force is greater than centripetal force and
the vehicle is wanting to slide down the incline, towards the center of the curve. However, friction opposes the motion and pull the car up the incline
to keep the car from sliding (Stanbrough, 2006). This is shown in Diagram 3.
Before calculating the maximum speed of safe cornering, the angle Оё needs to be found. This was done in Calculation 2 from the Appendix.
Using Оё, x and y components were found and substituted to solve v in Calculation 5.
Scenario 3
In scenario

Analysis Of The Shear And Frictional Properties Of 5...
Analysis of the Shear and Frictional Properties of 5 Sacral Dressings
Background
The development of sacral pressure ulcers is a serious and common occurrence during long term wound care. They are costly and debilitating chronic
wounds [1], and ultimately inhibit the quality of life and level of treatment experienced by the patient at a health care center. In order to effectively
prevent and treat pressure ulcers, it is important to understand the circumstances in which they occur and how specific factors may significantly
increase the risk of developing a pressure ulcer. One of the largest contributors in predicting pressure ulcer risk is the microclimate present around the
skin–device interface. The term microclimate is used to describe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[3].
In addition to temperature and humidity, shear stress and friction are also two large components in predicting sacral pressure ulcers. Due to the
positioning of the patient, the sacral area is under the largest amount of stress from both friction and shear. As gravity pulls on the upper torso and
internal structures, the patient's skin is resistant to movement as it is held in place by static friction with the medical device. This results in damage to
the inner layer of connective tissue and limits the blood flow to the region, resulting in tissue necrosis. Shear stress largely results in internal tissue
damage and is often not visible at the dermis level [4, 5]. Frictional damage, on the other hand, occurs on the surface of the skin, specifically at the
interface between skin and device. As the skin's coefficient of friction increases, greater force is required to cause sliding of the skin on the surface.
However, a problem arises when the amount of force required to cause sliding overtakes the amount of force the skin is able to handle without
breaking. When this happens, the epidermis begins to strip and tear, paving the path for the development of more serious complications [4].
When the skin is already at a weakened state, the effects of friction and shear are exacerbated and patient becomes much more susceptible to pressure
ulcers. In addition to the inherently damaging effects of a poor microclimate, increased

The Science Behind Friction
My hypothesis is if the amount of wheels on the car is greater than, the car will travel farther, this hypothesis supports more wheels will travel
farther on a car. Our hypothesis was not correct because if you have more wheels on a car the friction will slow the car down and make it go slower.
The car with the most wheels traveled at an average of 79 cm and that was the worst out of all of the cars tested, the car with the most average wheels
traveled the farthest in the experiment.
The science behind friction is friction is a resistance between surfaces sliding together. Basically friction converts kinetic energy into heat and if the
surface is rough the friction will increase. Without friction life would be like a hockey table, also friction

Title Page: Friction Lab. Satwinder Singh. 3/27/17. Physics
Title Page: Friction Lab
Satwinder Singh
3/27/17
Physics 411
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the kinetic and static friction coefficient of a friction forces acting on a wooden block by increasing
the mass in each experiment. Each experiment was attempted to find the relationship between the friction force and the normal forces on the wooden
block as it being slid horizontally maintaining a uniform motion by a spring scale. Every experiment was documented and finally, with the help of
computer–generated graph it was understood that the Friction force and the Normal force were relative to each other. The friction coefficient was
calculated to be s=0.389 and the kinetic friction coefficient was k=0.323. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Materials & Methods
The materials used in this lab will include one spring balance (dynamometer) 10N.
A wooden box that is attached to a spring scale as shown in the picture. The surface as shown in the picture will be flat and will not be adjusted for
each trial.
Slotted hanging masses ranging from 200g to
1200g
Data Calculations and Graphs
Mass, Static/Friction Force, and Normal Force
Trial – 1
Mass(kg)Static Friction Force (N)Kinetic Friction Force(N)Normal (N)
1.1073.453.3010.85

1.1073.302.8010.85
1.1073.002.6010.85
Average (Static) = 3.34N, Average (kinetic) = 2.89N
Trial – 2
Mass(kg)Static Friction Force (N)Kinetic Friction Force (N)Normal Force (N)
.6071.51.45.95
.6071.31.355.95
.6071.51.355.95
Average (Static) = 1.43N, Average (Kinetic) = 1.31N
Trial – 3
Mass(g)Static Friction Force (N)Kinetic Friction Force (N)Normal Force (N)
.8072.32.07.91
.8072.382.07.91
.8072.01.87.91 Average (Static) = 2.23N, Average (Kinetic) = 1.93N
Calculations
N = Normal Force
N = (.500kg + .307kg) x 9.8 = 7.91N
Graphs
Conclusion
After analysis of the data, it was found that our hypothesis is true in which the static and kinetic friction is affected by the mass of the object. The
force of friction is dependent on normal force. Coefficient were s= 0.9999 and k=0.99954 and it will never be bigger than 1. The coefficient of kinetic
friction is always

Friction and Dynamics of Rock Avalanches Travelling on...
Friction and Dynamics of Rock Avalanches Travelling on Glaciers
Rationale
The study of rock avalanches travelling on glaciers or glaciated areas has centred around interpreting data collected from case studies throughout
history. Looking at this data can confirm that, in general, rock avalanches travelling on glaciers have a reduced coefficient of friction compared to rock
on rock avalanches. The decreased resistance contributes to a higher velocity and further distance travelled. The precise reason for this behaviour is
the subject of the research paper; it explains how and why the dynamics of rock avalanches on glaciers are different and creates a model that describes
the specific contact between a rock landslide and a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This indicated that the friction coefficient of a rock avalanche on a glacier was not constant.
Before constructing the model, preconditions were established from simple experiments that determined the basic attributes of solid objects
travelling on ice. The preconditions were that heavier weight caused more energy to dissipate and a larger layer of lubrication (therefore less
friction). Rock sliding on ice behaves in a similar way to a rough metal sliding against a soft metal. In both cases, one digs grooves in the other, (and
the rate of erosion is dependent on the angle at which the grooves are dug.)
Through collecting data quoted in other studies with regard to friction's role in rock avalanches, a physical model that demonstrated the mechanics of
a rock avalanche travelling on glaciated terrain was created. The distinguishing feature of this particular research was the construction of a model that
reproduces the behaviour of rock landslides in a high level of detail in order to confirm or contradict predictions and observations.
The rock landslide is modelled as a rigid block with a fixed thickness and length. On the underside of the block are indenters, or cone–like spikes, that
scrape the glacier as the landslide travels along it. The contact area can then be calculated
Results and Conclusion
The key findings of the research mainly relate to the effects of ploughing and

Friction Lab Report
Friction Lab
Formal Report
Tayado Langley
12/10/14
Period 1
Abstract
This experiment was created in order to enhance our understanding about the causes of friction. This was achieved by testing the friction on various
surfaces. The first thing I did was gather the materials ( a bottle , some blocks of wood , string and surface materials.) Then I attached the string to
the block of wood and the bottle. We then began to add water in the bottle until it began to move. Our results led us to believe that the smoothest paper
was wax paper and the roughest was sand paper.
Before beginning to do this experiment it is crucial to first understand what is really happening to the block of wood. The block of wood is being ...
The results of this experiment depends on the three factors ( the surface area, the mass of the water and the bottle, and the mass of the block ) . The
smoothness of the surface area and the mass of the wooden block will determine how much water is need to be added to the bottle in order to make
the block move.
Conclusion
Friction is the force that resists relative motion between two objects that are in contact and tribology is is the science and engineering of interacting
surfaces in relative motion. After the completion of the friction lab I found out that my hypothesis that the amount of friction depends on three factors (
the surface area, the mass of the water and the bottle, and the mass of the block ) was correct. I conducted the experiment properly and obtained results
that matched my

An Experiment On How Fast The Pressure Generated By The...
Shapiro and Dinske(2009) stated that this equation could enable geoscientists to know how fast the pressure generated by the introduction of fluid is
travelling into the rocks to be broken. Meanwhile, this equation can only be applied to a homogenous, isotropic medium but in real life, geologic
media are hydraulically heterogeneous. For this case, times greater than t0(time at beginning) are considered because if the injection stops at t0, the
earthquakes and tremors will gradually cease to occur. These times (t) also describe the propagation of a maximal pore pressure perturbation in the
space. The surface here separates the domain which is still active from the spatial domain which was already active which yields the back front of...
Langenbruch and Shapiro(2015) stated that seismic events occur in rock sections with high Young's Modulus and low Poisson's ratio. Young's modulus
refers to the ratio of amount of stress to strain while Poisson's ratio is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain. They stated that a significant
amount of rock stress originated from elastic rock heterogeneity, and that the heterogeneity index of rocks indicates these rock sections. Langenbruch
and Shapiro(2015) concluded that seismicity induced by fluid injection can be of two ways. One is by the shear reactivation which explains the linear
diffusion seismicity explained previously and the other is by tensile opening which only occurs when the minimum effective stress becomes tensile.
The reactivation probability of a preexisting fracture is given by CFS calculation which involves cohesion, shear and normal stress, coefficient of
internal friction and pore pressure. If CFS is greater than 0, the fault is in a stable state; if CFS is less than 0, the fault is unstable and if CFS is equal to
0, failure occurs. According to Langenbruch and Shapiro(2015), a test was conducted where only the friction coefficient and cohesion were kept
constant while the other parameters were altered. This was done because there is no direct measurement for

Lab Report On Friction
Experiment 37: Friction
Jalicia Ruttino
Jr482715@ohio.edu
Cole Raisbeck
10/04/2017
Abstract: The main objective of this lab was to measure the friction force it takes to start moving a weighted block across a table, and as it continued
to move. This force was tested experimentally in three separate ways. The force was then solved graphically and mathematically through six different
runs per method. TALK ABOUT RESULTS HERE.
Theory: Friction is the force that opposes the force applied on an object, as well as the motion of the object. The two types of friction covered in
this lab are kinetic and static, but there are other types as well. Static friction Ж’s opposes motion so that things do not move in relation to each
other. Kinetic friction Ж’k is the friction when objects are already moving in relation to each other. Examples of static friction and kinetic friction are
riding a bike and moving furniture across the floor, respectively. It is important to note that friction is not dependent on the size of the area of contact
between two surfaces assuming uniform surfaces. It is known that as the block pushes on the table, the table pushes back. This force is known as the
normal force (Ж’N) which is the equal force perpendicular to the object. In this experiment, it is noted that the table and room are stationary objects,
and thus have no acceleration on them. This means that when the block is also stationary, the net force on the block is zero.
A depiction of all the

Investigating The Friction Of A Sliding Block With And...
Introduction
Friction is a force that is directed against the direction of motion. It usually acts to slow down the moving object. In some occasions, this force can be
useful such as in the case where vehicles are making turns. In these cases, the frictional forces provide the needed force to stay on the track. In this
experiment, we used a force sensor and a computer to determine the friction of a sliding block with and without different masses on it.
Procedure
Description of setup
We connected the force sensor to the labquest, and from the latter to the computer. A string was then tied to the hook on the woodblock and the other
end to the force sensor's hook. Photo below. The range switch on the force sensor was set to 10N. After this, the logger pro was launched and the setup
was zeroed. To zero the setup, there had to be no tension in the string; then we hit the Р¤ looking button to zero.
Outline of technique
It was necessary to know the mass of the woodblock throughout this experiment. So, its mass was weighed and recorded in the table below. A 1 kg
mass was then, placed on the top of the woodblock. From here, we were ready to pull the force sensor and see what results we get on the graphs. A
small force was applied to the force sensor and then pulled hard enough to set the system in motion. The pulling was continued for some time and it
was done steadily and at the same pace. Various other massed were tested and the resulting frictions that they produced are recorded

Physics Of An Empty Cube Box
Contents
Abstractpage 3
Introductionpage 3
Experimental Methodpage 4
Procedurepage 4
Resultspage 4
Discussionpage 6
Conclusionpage 7
Referencespage 7
Abstract
With the use of an empty cube box, string, pulley and different weights an experiment was set in order to explain friction. By adding different weights
in both box and string it has been recorded the exact weight needed for the box to move. The weights that have been added until the box start moving
at a constant velocity were measured. With the use of the acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2) the Normal and Frictional Force were calculate.
With the use of this experiment some conclusions have been drawn. For instance the main result is that the friction increases if one of the following
variables increases: the weight of the box, the size of the box and the weight that is being pulled.
Although there are some other factors that affect the friction but they have not been tested in this experiment. For example the surface that the box is
places on affects the frictional force that is applied on it. If the material is friction less then fewer weights will be needed to pull the box, on the other
hand if the table is rougher then the friction will be greater and more weight will be needed to pull the same box.

Introduction
Friction is the force that appears when two objects come in contact. There are two types of frictions, the static friction and the sliding friction. The static
friction occurs when

Force And How Is It Calculated?
1.0 Introduction
1.1 What is Force and how is it calculated?
Forces are a push or pull on an object. It can cause an object to start or stop moving, speed up, slow down, change the shape, change the direction or
have no affect at all on the object. There are two different types of forces, contact in which an object needs to be touched to affect it this can cause
resistance and friction. Non–contact force is when an object doesn't need to be touched this includes gravity, magnetism and electricity. Forces can be
acted upon in any direction and are either balanced being the object is either not in motion or travelling at a constant speed or unbalanced where
there is a change in speed this includes stopping, accelerating, starting or slowing down. When all the forces acting upon an object are the same they
are said to be balanced. Force is measured in Newton (N) which measures the amount of force it takes to move an object. The calculation for force is:
force (N) = mass (m) x acceleration (m/s)ВІ.
1.2 What is friction and how is calculated?
Friction is a constant force which occurs when two surfaces make contact with each other. When this takes place bonds form between the atoms in the
material of each surface, depending on the material the bonds can be very strong or weak. Friction between stationary objects is called static friction
and between objects that move is called kinetic friction. Different types of surfaces will cause differences in the friction experienced. The

Eating Disorders: A Thematic Analysis
When one surface slides over the other, the contact area between the two surfaces is changing. As are result a lateral separation between the two is
created which is also periodic in nature. As discussed in the previous section, this lateral separation induces charge imbalance which creates a potential
imbalance in the system. This potential imbalance drives the electron to the external load and a voltage drop is created. The schematic explains the
triboelectrification effect clearly.
It was observed that initially, when the surfaces are in contact with each other fully, tribocharges of opposite polarity are induced as an effect of natural
friction. The polarity difference (positive/negative) obviously mentioned in the tribo–series.
As there

Friction
One day in the city of Frictiontopia, Mr. Friction was once again saving the day from the city's wicked criminals. He could control the friction of
any object at any time. He would cause massive amounts of friction to criminal's getaway cars which causes them to stop immediately and burst into
flames because of the high amounts of friction. He could also lessen friction to cause criminals to lose their balance. Mr. Friction never got sick
because of his very robust immune system. If Mr. Friction were to get sick, all friction in Frictiontopia would cease to exist and the city would enter
into a state of chaos. That night (in January), during a speech, Mr. Friction began to cough, sneeze and lose his voice. The crowdthought nothing of it
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They began to slip and slide. All of them slid together into one big ball and slid out of the capitol building. They slid down the steps and just kept
going because they were in motion and they stayed in motion because no outside force was acting upon them. They slid all the way to the police
station where the police were able to unlock all of the innocent citizens and make room for these criminals. Mr. Friction then had to focus on
defusing the bomb. He ran up to it and there was only ten seconds left. He had not idea how to defuse it. Suddenly he thought that he could stop the
friction of the components in the bomb and that would stop the bomb from exploding. He began to think very hard and use his power. The bomb
ticked down closer and closer to zero. He was sweating furiously as intense music began to play out of nowhere. The bombed ticked down from 3...
2... 1... BOOM! Just kidding. Nothing happened. Mr. Friction's plan worked and caused the bomb to defuse itself. Mr. Friction could not believe it and
was thrilled. The mayor was untied and thanked Mr. Friction. The citizens of the city surrounded Mr. Friction and began to chant his name. They had to
begin to clean up the

Friction Lab
What material generates the most friction? If a piece of sandpaper under a block of wood goes down a wooden ramp, then it will generate the most
kinetic friction. The independent variable is the material placed under the block of wood. The control group is the wood block going down the
ramp itself. The experimental group is the materials going on the ramp. The dependent variable is the time. The incline of the ramp, the size of the
materials, and the block of wood, are the control groups. The first procedure was to set the materials in a wide open area. Second, place block of pine
wood at the top of the ramp and time how long it takes to get from the top to the bottom of the ramp. Third, repeat step the second step three times and
record the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average for wood was 1.3 seconds. The average of the time for the wax paper was 1.49 seconds. The average of the paper towel was 1.47
seconds. Aluminum foil had an average of 1.24 seconds. Sandpaper had an average of 2.27 seconds. Last of all, the piece of printer paper had an
average of 1.35 seconds. The range for the wood was .12 seconds. The range for wax paper was .13 The range for the paper towel was .22.
Aluminum foil had a range of 15. Sandpaper had a range of .25. The piece of printer paper had range of .23. The median for wood was 1.26. The
median for wax paper was 1.48. The median for paper towel was 1.48. The median for the aluminum foil was 1.26. Sandpaper had a median of 2.29.
The piece of printer paper had a median of 1.30. A pattern in the data was that every time the material went down the ramp, it would have more friction.
And the more friction there is, the longer it takes. Something that can be learned from this data is that the sandpaper had the the most time. Therefore,
it had the most friction. The material's surface affected the speed it had. The aluminum foil had a very slippery surface. The aluminum foil went down
the fastest on the ramp. Differently, the sandpaper went down the ramp slowly. The material's surface affected the amount of friction. The sandpaper
had the most friction because of its rough surface. Aluminum foil had the least friction because it had a smooth surface. To sum it up, the material's
surface has an effect on the amount of kinetic

Frictional Resistance, Friction, And The Force Of Motion

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