Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 2, test the research hypothesis at the .05 level of significance that boys raise their hands in class more often than girls. Do this practice problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the research hypothesis? Remember to first decide whether this is a one- or two-tailed test. Using the same data set (Ch. 11 Data Set 2), test the research hypothesis at the .01 level of significance that there is a difference between boys and girls in the number of times they raise their hands in class. Do this practice problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the research hypothesis? You used the same data for this problem as for Question 1, but you have a different hypothesis (one is directional and the other is nondirectional). How do the results differ and why? Practice the following problems by hand just to see if you can get the numbers right. Using the following information, calculate the t test statistic. Using the results you got from Question 3 and a level of significance at .05, what are the two-tailed critical values associated with each? Would the null hypothesis be rejected? Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 3, test the null hypothesis that urban and rural residents both have the same attitude toward gun control. Use IBM ® SPSS ® software to complete the analysis for this problem. A public health researcher tested the hypothesis that providing new car buyers with child safety seats will also act as an incentive for parents to take other measures to protect their children (such as driving more safely, child-proofing the home, and so on). Dr. L counted all the occurrences of safe behaviors in the cars and homes of the parents who accepted the seats versus those who did not. The findings: a significant difference at the .013 level. Another researcher did exactly the same study; everything was the same—same type of sample, same outcome measures, same car seats, and so on. Dr. R’s results were marginally significant (recall Ch. 9) at the .051 level. Which result do you trust more and why? In the following examples, indicate whether you would perform a t test of independent means or dependent means. Two groups were exposed to different treatment levels for ankle sprains. Which treatment was most effective? A researcher in nursing wanted to know if the recovery of patients was quicker when some received additional in-home care whereas when others received the standard amount. A group of adolescent boys was offered interpersonal skills counseling and then tested in September and May to see if there was any impact on family harmony. One group of adult men was given instructions in reducing their high blood pressure whereas another was not given any instructions. One group of men was provided access to an exercise program and tested two times over a 6-month period for heart health. For Ch. 12 Data Set 3, comput.

1. Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 2, test the
research hypothesis at the .05 level of significance that boys
raise their hands in class more often than girls. Do this practice
problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion
regarding the research hypothesis? Remember to first decide
whether this is a one- or two-tailed test.
Using the same data set (Ch. 11 Data Set 2), test the research
hypothesis at the .01 level of significance that there is a
difference between boys and girls in the number of times they
raise their hands in class. Do this practice problem by hand
using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the
research hypothesis? You used the same data for this problem as
for Question 1, but you have a different hypothesis (one is
directional and the other is nondirectional). How do the results
differ and why?
Practice the following problems by hand just to see if you can
get the numbers right. Using the following information,
calculate the
t
test statistic.
Using the results you got from Question 3 and a level of
significance at .05, what are the two-tailed critical values
associated with each? Would the null hypothesis be rejected?

2. Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 3, test the null
hypothesis that urban and rural residents both have the same
attitude toward gun control. Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to complete the analysis for this problem.
A public health researcher tested the hypothesis that providing
new car buyers with child safety seats will also act as an
incentive for parents to take other measures to protect their
children (such as driving more safely, child-proofing the home,
and so on). Dr. L counted all the occurrences of safe behaviors
in the cars and homes of the parents who accepted the seats
versus those who did not. The findings: a significant difference
at the .013 level. Another researcher did exactly the same study;
everything was the same—same type of sample, same outcome
measures, same car seats, and so on. Dr. R’s results were
marginally significant (recall Ch. 9) at the .051 level. Which
result do you trust more and why?
In the following examples, indicate whether you would perform
a
t
test of independent means or dependent means.
Two groups were exposed to different treatment levels for ankle
sprains. Which treatment was most effective?
A researcher in nursing wanted to know if the recovery of
patients was quicker when some received additional in-home

3. care whereas when others received the standard amount.
A group of adolescent boys was offered interpersonal skills
counseling and then tested in September and May to see if there
was any impact on family harmony.
One group of adult men was given instructions in reducing their
high blood pressure whereas another was not given any
instructions.
One group of men was provided access to an exercise program
and tested two times over a 6-month period for heart health.
For Ch. 12 Data Set 3, compute the
t
value and write a conclusion on whether there is a difference in
satisfaction level in a group of families’ use of service centers
following a social service intervention on a scale from 1 to 15.
Do this exercise using IBM
®
SPSS
®
software, and report the exact probability of the outcome.
Do this exercise by hand. A famous brand-name manufacturer
wants to know whether people prefer Nibbles or Wribbles. They
sample each type of cracker and indicate their like or dislike on
a scale from 1 to 10. Which do they like the most?
Nibbles rating
Wribbles rating
9
4
3
7
1

4. 6
6
8
5
7
7
7
8
8
3
6
10
7
3
8
5
9
2
8
9
7
6
3
2
6
5
7
8
6
1
5
6
5
3
6

5. Using the following table, provide three examples of a simple
one-way ANOVA, two examples of a two-factor ANOVA, and
one example of a three-factor ANOVA. Complete the table for
the missing examples. Identify the grouping and the test
variable.
Design
Grouping variable(s)
Test variable
Simple ANOVA
Four levels of hours of training—2, 4, 6, and 8 hours
Typing accuracy
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Two-factor ANOVA
Two levels of training and gender (two-way design)
Typing accuracy
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Three-factor ANOVA
Two levels of training, two of gender, and three of income
Voting attitudes

6. Enter Your Example Here
Enter Your Example Here
Using the data in Ch. 13 Data Set 2 and the IBM
®
SPSS
®
software, compute the
F
ratio for a comparison between the three levels representing the
average amount of time that swimmers practice weekly (< 15,
15–25, and > 25 hours) with the outcome variable being their
time for the 100-yard freestyle. Does practice time make a
difference? Use the Options feature to obtain the means for the
groups.
When would you use a factorial ANOVA rather than a simple
ANOVA to test the significance of the difference between the
averages of two or more groups?
Create a drawing or plan for a 2 × 3 experimental design that
would lend itself to a factorial ANOVA. Identify the
independent and dependent variables.
From Salkind (2011). Copyright © 2012 SAGE. All Rights
Reserved. Adapted with permission.

7. Part
B
Some questions in Part B require that you access data from
Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh
. This data is available on the student website under the Student
Text Resources link.
The data for Exercise 14 is in the
data file named Lesson 22 Exercise File 1.
John is interested in determining if a new teaching method, the
involvement technique, is effective in teaching algebra to first
graders. John randomly samples six first graders from all first
graders within the Lawrence City School System and
individually teaches them algebra with the new method. Next,
the pupils complete an eight-item algebra test. Each item
describes a problem and presents four possible answers to the
problem. The scores on each item are 1 or 0, where 1 indicates a
correct response and 0 indicates a wrong response. The IBM
®
SPSS
®
data file contains six cases, each with eight item scores for the
algebra test.
Conduct a one-sample
t
test on the total scores. On the output, identify the following:

8. Mean algebra score
T
test value
P
value
The data for Exercise 15 is in the
data file named Lesson 25 Exercise File 1.
Marvin is interested in whether blonds, brunets, and redheads
differ with respect to their extrovertedness. He randomly
samples 18 men from his local college campus: six blonds, six
brunets, and six redheads. He then administers a measure of
social extroversion to each individual.
Conduct a one-way ANOVA to investigate the relationship
between hair color and social extroversion. Conduct appropriate
post hoc tests. On the output, identify the following:
F
ratio for the group effect
Sums of squares for the hair color effect
Mean for redheads
P
value for the hair color effect
From Green & Salkind (2011). Copyright © 2012 Pearson
Education. All Rights Reserved. Adapted with permission.

9. Part
C
Complete
the questions below. Be specific and provide examples when
relevant.
Cite
any sources consistent with APA guidelines.
Question
Answer
What is meant by independent samples? Provide a research
example of two independent samples.
When is it appropriate to use a
t
test for dependent samples? What is the key piece of
information you must know in order to decide?
When is it appropriate to use an ANOVA? What is the key piece
of information you must know in order to decide?
Why would you want to do an ANOVA when you have more
than two groups, rather than just comparing each pair of means
with a
t
test?