2. Kidney Diagram Capsule Renal Vein Renal Artery Cortex Pyramid Papilla Calyx Pelvis Ureter Column Medulla Nephron

8. 5 Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease ( K/DOQI) define CKD as The presence of kidney damage or a reduction in the GFR for > 3 months. GFR Description Stage More than 90 Risk factors for kidney disease (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age. At increased risk More than 90 Kidney damage (protein in the urine) and normal GFR 1 60 to 89 Kidney damage and mild decrease in GFR 2 30 to 59 Moderate decrease in GFR 3 15 to 29 Severe decrease in GFR 4 Less than 15 Kidney failure (dialysis or kidney transplant needed) 5

11. TIN are diseases involving tubules and or the interstitium outside the glomerulus. The renal cortex shows a diffuse interstitial, mononuclear infiltrate with intact glomerulus. Tubules in the center of the field are separated by inflammation and edema.

33. Thank you

34. Thank you