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Câu chủ động và Câu bị động
TENSES (CÁC THÌ)
ACTIVE (CHỦ ĐỘNG)
PASSIVE (BỊ ĐỘNG)
1. The simple present
S+ V(s, es) +O
S + am/ is / are + P.P + by
Thì hiện tại đơn giản
O
2. The present continuous
S +am / is / are + V +ing + O
S +am / is / are + being +
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
P.P + by O
3. The present perfect
S + have / has + P.P . + O
S + have / has + been + P.
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
+ by O
4. The simple past
S + V + ed + O
S + were / was + P.P + by
Thì quá khứ đơn giản
O
5. The past continuous
S + were / was + V + ing + O
S + were / was + being +
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
P.P + by O
6. The past perfect
S + had + P.P + O
S + had +been + P.P + by O
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
7. The near future
S + is/am/ are + going to + V
S + am/is/are + going to +
Thì tương lai gần
(infinitive) + O
be +P.P + by O
8. The simple future
S + will / shall + V (infinitive) S + will/ shall + be + P.P +
Thì tương lai đơn giản
+ O
by O
MỘT SỐ QUY TẮC CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì
mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động.
Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động.
"She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động
2. Cách chuyển đổi
Active (chủ động)
Passive (bị động)
chủ ngữ (S)
→ tân ngữ (O)
động từ (V)
→ P.P
tân ngữ (O)
→ chủ ngữ (S)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau
4. Dùng câu bị động khi:
- Không biết người thực hiện hành động
- Không quan tâm đến người thực hiện hành động
- Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động
5. Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các trường hợp sau:
- Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body ................
- People, You, Them

EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
18. Are you going to repair those shoes?
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
EXERCISE 2: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.

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  • 1. Câu chủ động và Câu bị động TENSES (CÁC THÌ) ACTIVE (CHỦ ĐỘNG) PASSIVE (BỊ ĐỘNG) 1. The simple present S+ V(s, es) +O S + am/ is / are + P.P + by Thì hiện tại đơn giản O 2. The present continuous S +am / is / are + V +ing + O S +am / is / are + being + Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn P.P + by O 3. The present perfect S + have / has + P.P . + O S + have / has + been + P. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành + by O 4. The simple past S + V + ed + O S + were / was + P.P + by Thì quá khứ đơn giản O 5. The past continuous S + were / was + V + ing + O S + were / was + being + Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn P.P + by O 6. The past perfect S + had + P.P + O S + had +been + P.P + by O Thì quá khứ hoàn thành 7. The near future S + is/am/ are + going to + V S + am/is/are + going to + Thì tương lai gần (infinitive) + O be +P.P + by O 8. The simple future S + will / shall + V (infinitive) S + will/ shall + be + P.P + Thì tương lai đơn giản + O by O MỘT SỐ QUY TẮC CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG 1. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động. Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động. "She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động 2. Cách chuyển đổi Active (chủ động) Passive (bị động) chủ ngữ (S) → tân ngữ (O) động từ (V) → P.P tân ngữ (O) → chủ ngữ (S) 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau 4. Dùng câu bị động khi: - Không biết người thực hiện hành động - Không quan tâm đến người thực hiện hành động - Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động 5. Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các trường hợp sau: - Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body ................ - People, You, Them EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG. 1. My father waters this flower every morning. 2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night. 3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. 4. We should clean our teeth twice a day. 5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar. 6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city. 7. Tom will visit his parents next month. 8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning. 9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? 10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
  • 2. 11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War. 12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day. 13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema. 14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week. 15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 16. Some people will interview the new president on TV. 17. How many languages do they speak in Canada? 18. Are you going to repair those shoes? 19. He has broken his nose in a football match. 20. Have you finished the above sentences? EXERCISE 2: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG. 1. The waiter brings me this dish. 2. Our friends send these postcards to us. 3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week. 4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother. 5. You didn’t show me the special cameras. 6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent. 7. He lends his friend his new shoes. 8. She left her relatives five million pounds. 9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer. 10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter. 11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family? 12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting. 13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer. 14. They keep this room tidy all the time. 15. They all voted the party a great success. 16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers. 17. They moved the fridge into the living room. 18. She brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room. 19. They find the new project worthless. 20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.