Zend Expressive is a PHP microframework that implements the PSR-7 standard for HTTP messages. It uses a middleware approach where reusable code interacts with requests and responses. The document provides an example of creating an application, adding a route, and using middleware like sessions. It also gives resources for learning more about Zend Expressive.

1. Zend Expressive in 15
Minutes
Chris Tankersley
@dragonmantank
NomadPHP, March 2016
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2. Who Am I
• PHP Programmer for over 11 years
• Sysadmin/DevOps for around 9 years
• https://github.com/dragonmantank
• Author of “Docker for Developers”
• Reigning, Defending, Undisputed PHP
MTG Champion of the World
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3. What is it?
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4. It’s the Future! And Now!
• A Microframework
• Implements PSR-7
• Fully functional Middleware stack
• The beginnings of Zend Framework 3
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5. The Microframework
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6. The Microframework
• Lightweight wrapper around other libraries
• PSR-7 Compliant
• Supports multiple routers
• Supports multiple service locators
• Supports multiple templating systems
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7. NomadPHP, March 2016 7
<?php
use ZendExpressiveAppFactory;
chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$app = AppFactory::create();
$app->get('/', function ($request, $response, $next) {
$response->getBody()->write('Hello, world!');
return $response;
});
$app->pipeRoutingMiddleware();
$app->pipeDispatchMiddleware();
$app->run();

8. Not just for basic sites
• Provides support for Controllers, Dependency Injection, and
Templating
• Right now feels somewhere between a microframework and full stack
like ZF2 or symfony2
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9. NomadPHP, March 2016 9
use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageServerRequestInterface;
/**
* Renders out the homepage
*
* @param ServerRequestInterface $request
* @param ResponseInterface $response
* @param callable|null $next
*
* @return HtmlResponse
*/
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
return new HtmlResponse($this->template->render('index::homepage'));
}

10. PSR-7 Implementation
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11. What is PSR-7?
• HTTP Message Interfaces
• Provides a consistent interface for HTTP requests and responses
• Allows multiple libraries to read and generate HTTP messages more
easily
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12. NomadPHP, March 2016 12
<?php
use ZendExpressiveAppFactory;
chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$app = AppFactory::create();
$app->get('/', function ($request, $response, $next) {
$response->getBody()->write('Hello, world!');
return $response;
});
$app->pipeRoutingMiddleware();
$app->pipeDispatchMiddleware();
$app->run();

13. NomadPHP, March 2016 13
use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageServerRequestInterface;
/**
* Renders out the homepage
*
* @param ServerRequestInterface $request
* @param ResponseInterface $response
* @param callable|null $next
*
* @return HtmlResponse
*/
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
return new HtmlResponse($this->template->render('index::homepage'));
}

14. Middleware
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15. Built around Middleware
• Middleware interacts with the Request and Response
• Can be used for things like authentication, authorization, session
handling… anything “application”-y
• Almost everything is middleware, even routes
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16. NomadPHP, March 2016 16
class SessionMiddleware
{
protected $sessionContainer;
// ...
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
$request = $request
->withAttribute('session', $this->sessionContainer->getSession());
if ($next) {
return $next($request, $response);
}
return $response;
}
}

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class SessionMiddleware
{
protected $sessionContainer;
// ...
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
$request = $request
->withAttribute('session', $this->sessionContainer->getSession());
if ($next) {
return $next($request, $response);
}
return $response;
}
}

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class SessionMiddleware
{
protected $sessionContainer;
// ...
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
$request = $request
->withAttribute('session', $this->sessionContainer->getSession());
if ($next) {
return $next($request, $response);
}
return $response;
}
}

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use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageServerRequestInterface;
/**
* Renders out the homepage
*
* @param ServerRequestInterface $request
* @param ResponseInterface $response
* @param callable|null $next
*
* @return HtmlResponse
*/
public function __invoke(
ServerRequestInterface $request,
ResponseInterface $response,
callable $next = null)
{
return new HtmlResponse($this->template->render('index::homepage'));
}

20. Getting Started
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21. Resources
• Documentation - https://zend-expressive.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
• Skeleton App - https://github.com/zendframework/zend-expressive-
skeleton
• My Demo App - https://github.com/dragonmantank/phparch-zend-
expressive
• Session Middleware -
https://github.com/dragonmantank/zendexpressive-session-
middleware
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22. http://ctankersley.com
chris@ctankersley.com
@dragonmantank
https://joind.in/talk/d9813
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