Comparative Government

Comparative Government
Ethnical and religious cleavages in central and eastern Europe
Does Europe exist? Where should be the borders? Russia and Turkey had a big influence on Europe
as well. They dispatched parts of Europe for a long time. Of course the path dependency is present
in these regions. The process of European integration started later there.
European identity is difficult to describe. Distinction between east and west means post–
communism (eastern).
Central Europe: Czechs feel like being central Europeans (since they don't want to be part of eastern
Europe.) idea of central Europe is based on Austrian–Hungarian–Empire + parts of Germany eg
Bavaria. The link is also the way of making decisions, working, doing things, tradition, waking up
early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He controlled the country very strongly. Sultanistic regime behaved as he possessed the country.
Family members in high positions cause whom else to trust. His wife was president of Romanian
scientists. She was seen as the best scientist in the world (she probably never published anything but
the population was told that she did). Nationalism was one of the basic tools of his regime. He tried
to get rid of the Russian influence. His idea was to be really independent. So he paid all the debts
and paid them with oil and food lack of electricity for the population, in the same time his palace
was enlightened during the night. So the country was getting poorer and poorer as a consequence.
To strengthen nationalism he suppressed minorities even more. Any opposition was imprisoned
immediately. During the 80s any typewriter was registered by the police. End of the regime was
connected with violence.
Secret police (securitate) was kind of his private army. They wanted to imprison priests of
Hungarian minorities in 1989 since they could still listen to Hungarian radio and understood what is
going on outside the country. riots started. Some collaborators of Ceausescu used the army to fight
against him and his party. The conflict then was about this two groups. He tried to escape and finally
was captured by the army and was immediately sent to trial directly
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The Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln
you are going to learn a lot about five of the president that this country has had.The five presidents
are Abraham. John Kennedy. Ronald Reagan George washignton
Anytime before 1778 Lincolns dad wasn 't born but, "In 1778 Lincolns dad was born"
(Abraham,Lincoln). he was the 16th president and is on the penny. do you know him if not you will
soon. he is Abraham Lincoln. he was born on febuary 12 in 1809. and in 1811 moved to a 230 acre
farm in kentucky. and his brother tomas died in 1812. Three years later he moved to indiana.in 1817
he shot his first and last turkey because he didn 't want to kill animals. in 1818 he got kicked in the
head by a horse and was thought to be dead at age 15 he liked to be called abe. in 1820 to 1824 he
went ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
in 1960(john.F.kennedy) At age 24 he was the youngest president kennedy faced a difficult battle
against his republican opponent he ran for president and he got it. Then he sent peace corps they
were young volunteers. john was one of the most popular presidents. john became a international
icon. everybody wanted to be like him.in 1963 he was assassinated by lee harvey and he would be
known as a communist he was arrested for the killing but he was shot by jack ruby while he was
being led into the jail. John Kennedy and Ronald Reagan Are connected for being presidencies.
Ronald reagan he was born 2/16/1911 he fought more military operations than any other presidents.
his nickname was dutch. as a kid he worked as a life guard. After he signed. A contract with warners
and for the next 3 decades he appeared in more than 50 movies. he adopted a son in 1948. then
Ronald and Patricia Reagan had 2 kids. In the middle east Reagan sent 800 troops
marines(Ronald,Reagan). The marines were supposed to be peace keeping but they kept it just under
control no more riots or fights. In 1984 ronal was re elected beating his opponent by a landslide.
Reagan had 44 out of the fifty states votes. that election is the biggest landslide the U.S has ever
seen. Ronald Reagan and George Washington are connected by being presidents.
George Washington was known for a lot but he 's not known for being "leader of the continental
army."(Washington,George)George Washington

Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (1929–1994), frequently publically referred to as Jackie
Kennedy, or colloquially as Jackie O, was married to America's thirty–fifth President, John
Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963, Pres. 1961–1963) and served as the nation's First Lady (1961–
1963). In the post of First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy was preceded by Mamie Geneva Doud
Eisenhower (1896–1979, First Lady 1953–1961) and succeeded by Claudia Taylor "Lady Bird"
Johnson (1912–2007, First Lady 1963–1969). While favouring her privacy, Jacqueline was not
noted for her involvement in political affairs, but instead was heralded as a fashion and cultural icon
in the 1960s. In particular, she became known for her roles in initiating the restoration and
preservation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was buried beside her first husband, John Kennedy in Arlington National Cemetery. Throughout
her term as First Lady and her lifetime afterwards, Jacqueline was considered an icon, known for her
role in the Kennedy family, her influence on American culture in the 1960s, her patronage of the
arts, and her work in preserving the White House and the cultural heritage of the United States.
Since her own passing, her son John F. Kennedy Jr. and his wife, Carolyn Bassette–Kennedy (1966–
1999) tragically died in 1999 while her daughter, Caroline Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg became an
accomplished lawyer and diplomat serving as Ambassador to Japan

Weimar Republic
Political, economic and social issues in the Weimar Republic to 1929
Year 12 Modern History 2013 * Mrs Lynch
Jenni Hamilton
Due Date; 26th of March 2013
Word Count; 1,665
The collapsement of the Weimar Republic was due to many social, political and economical issues
within. From its birth it faced numerous political problems, for which the causes were many and
varied. These problems included political instability, deep divisions within society and economic
crisis; problems were constantly appearing for the new government. The Weimar Republic never
really had a stable political party, having a whole six different parties between 1924–1928 does not
create stability. Many of these parties were also narrowly sectioned, with messed up ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Germany emerged from World War I with huge debts incurred to finance a costly war for almost
five years. The treasury was empty, the currency was losing value, and Germany needed to pay its
war debts and the huge reparations bill imposed on it by the Treaty of Versailles, which officially
ended the war. The treaty also deprived Germany of territory, natural resources, and even ships,
trains, and factory equipment. Germany's population was undernourished and contained many
widows, orphans, and disabled veterans living in poverty. The new German government struggled to
deal with these crises, which had produced a serious hyperinflation.
By 1924, after years of crisis management and attempts at tax and finance reform, the economy was
stabilised with the help of foreign, particularly American, loans. This relative "golden age" was
reflected in the strong support for moderate pro–Weimar political parties in the 1928 elections.
However, economic disaster struck with the onset of the world depression in 1929. The American
stock market crash and bank failures led to a recall of American loans to Germany. This
development added to Germany's economic hardship. Mass unemployment and suffering followed.
Many Germans became increasingly disillusioned with the Weimar Republic and began to turn
toward radical anti–democratic parties whose

Why Do We Need To Be A Psychologist?
27th December 2007 marked the end of the polls cast. Results followed, and in the hotly contested
presidential seat, things did not go well. One of the candidates had allegations that the polls were not
fair enough. What followed, something that remains imprinted in my mind up to date, was severe
violence. We resided in the Nakuru locality. Given the tribalistic nature the country was in that time,
we ended up losing property we had, the long desired homestead we had resided in was burnt down
leaving my mother, younger sister and I completely clothe less, asset less and homeless. We thus
resorted to retreating to a camp site which had been set apart for the internally displaced persons.
The disappearance of my dad still remains a mystery ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the weekend, I would make the computer lab my very close companion and there I would
find myself doing all kind of research surrounding the French language. I would take notes of a few
phrases and recite them in the week that followed, the cycle repeating itself that way. However, I
was really troubled with my stammering problem. Researching on ways that would help improve
my situation added to my to–do list every time I visited the computer laboratory. I would employ the
recommended ideas and by the time I was in my final year in primary school, I had made strides
ahead though not anywhere near perfection. This even enabled me be in a position to stage a solo
poem during the final closing ceremony that I had managed to compose close to a period of two
years. I managed to score relatively well in the national examinations and hence secured a place at
Maranda High School for my secondary education. With the little savings my mother had
accumulated from her salary, I was able to join high school. 13th February 2013 marked the
beginning of my other phase of life. However, life gradually became a challenge for me. My
mother's meagre pay from her salary could not adequately cater for all the necessities at school and
at home. It is thus during the holidays that I resorted to doing odd jobs around– working at
construction sites, ploughing farms, ferrying water to homesteads and herding– in order to raise
funds to cater for my upkeep at

The Political Parties Of The National Front
As of 2015, the rise of right–wing populist ideology in E.U. Member states has shown that a rapidly
increasing political movement is developing. Increased skepticism of the European Union's
integration of nation–states on a social, economic and political level, along with the recent European
Refugee Crisis, has contributed to the momentum right–wing populist parties are gaining across
Western Europe.
This paper will examine the political parties of the National Front in France, along with the Party for
Freedom in The Netherlands. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, along with case studies
of the contemporary politics of each respective country, this paper will look to uncover the political,
economic and cultural common–denominators of right–wing populist movements in both France
and The Netherlands.
The exponential rate at which these parties are growing in both France and The Netherlands may
drastically change the way domestic politics is conducted in each country, and may alter the
discourse of the European Union's actions towards these member states. The National Front and the
Party for Freedom are both anti–immigration, and are unsupportive of the European Union. The
recent Syrian migrant crises, combined with the European Union's debt crises has created a
resurgence of right–wing nationalist movements in Western European democracies. Increasing anti–
immigrant and anti– European Union sentiment arising in the region certainly has the potential of
reshaping

Impact of Media on Politics Essay
Impact of Media on Politics
The role media plays in politics is undeniable. Our soundbite culture with its inherent limited
attention span dictates a "McNugget" of information. Unfortunately this often leads to
misrepresentations being accepted as fact. A glaring example of this was the Killian documents
controversy. In September 2004, the CBS program 60 Minutes Wednesday aired a report critical of
President George W. Bush's service in the United States National Guard. The four documents
included criticisms of Bush's service in the Guard during the 1970s. These documents were
supposedly created by Bush's commander, the late Lieutenant Colonel Jerry B. Killian. It was also
reported that the documents were obtained by a CBS News producer ... Show more content on
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On a lighter note, presidential candidate Bill Clinton made a surprise appearance on The Arsenio
Hall Show during the 1992 Presidential Campaign. He was trailing in the polls at the time so it was
a very savvy attempt to capture the young voter. Mr. Clinton wore dark sunglasses and played
"Heartbreak Hotel" on his saxophone. In the end, Bill Clinton easily defeated George Bush and Ross
Perot with 43 percent of the vote. Some pundits have suggested that this appearance turned the race
around.
Easily the most polarizing force in media today is talk radio. In 1987 the FCC repealed the Fairness
Doctrine. This regulation had required that stations provide free air time for responses to any
controversial opinions that were broadcast. Now the opportunity was available for a level of flatly
partisan programming. As referenced by Wikipedia,
"Talk radio provided an immediacy and a high degree of emotionalism that seldom is reached on
television or in magazines. Pew researchers found in 2004 that 17% of the public regularly listens to
talk radio. This audience is mostly male, middle–aged and conservative. Among those who regularly
listen to talk radio, 41% are Republican and 28% are Democrats. Furthermore, 45% describe
themselves as conservatives, compared with 18% who say they are liberal."
Rush Limbaugh was the pioneer in the 1990s talk radio movement. Rush's unprecedented success
demonstrated

Ivory Coast Imperialism
The European invasion of the Ivory Coast started in the early 19th century when a group of French
traders created establishments in the country. They obtained territorial concessions from local tribes.
By doing this, they spread French influence throughout the nation to other cultural groups that
existed during the time. During the late 1800s, other European explorers ventured throughout the
Ivory Coast in an attempt to create treaties with local chiefs. By the year 1893, France colonized the
Ivory Coast as their own. (14) Cultural groups of the Ivory Coast were greatly affected by the
colonization of France. These groups were offered no human rights and were forced to work in
mines, on plantations, or to work on public projects. This intensive ... Show more content on
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The first round of voting was against Gbagdo and Alassane Ouattara. The results of the first round
were inconclusive. In the second round, Ouattara defeated Gbagdo, but Gbagdo refused to accept
the results. Several months following the election, a defeated Gbagdo and his security forces
attacked and killed citizens in the economic capital, Abidjan, and other areas of the country. Under
the protection of UN troops, Ouattara took refuge in a hotel near the presidential palace of the Ivory
Coast. Another civil war erupted when militias that supported Ouattara began attacking Gbagbo's
forces. The violence eventually peaked in March 2011. The Human Rights Watch declared Gbagdo's
attacks on Ivorians as crimes against humanity. Ouattara's forces continued to fight off Gbagdo's
forces and soon took control of a majority of the country. Gbagdo still refused to accept the election
results and to step down as president. Finally, on April 11, 2011, he was taken into custody and was
faced with charges of crimes against humanity.

Integration Law Is Domestically Rooted
Integration Law are domestically rooted" (2007, p.24). This change of focus was due to France's
immigration policy shift to eliminate the process of automatic regularisation. One also has to prove
that an immigrant has fully "integrated" into French society by adhering to the essential principles
and values of the Republic. It is important to note that since the election of Francois Hollande into
presidential office the focus of France's immigration policy has dramatically changed. In 2014,
Francois Hollande defended the idea of free movement towards France's immigration policy and
said that ""Foreigners are always accused of every ill, of taking French people 's jobs or unduly
benefitting from social welfare even though studies show that they contribute more to social
accounts than they take from them" (Samuel, 2014, p.2). Therefore, it is evident that after France's
election of Hollande into political office that their immigration integration policy is moving away
from their focused approach and towards a more accepting, encompassing and free border policy
that is more alike to Canada's. It is important to have an understanding of the implications of
Canada's immigrant integration policy and how its positive aspects influences the lives of new
immigrants in a personal manner. The three main categories of Canada's immigration policy of
economic, family reunification and refugees affects the lives of immigrants coming to Canada
because it takes into account

Spencer Collins. Ms. Ohler . English Iv. February 10, 2017.
Spencer Collins
Ms. Ohler
English IV
February 10, 2017
George Dubya Bushinator
George Walker Bush, the American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States
from 2001 to 2009 and 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. The oldest son of Barbara and
George H. W. Bush, he was born in New Haven, Connecticut. After graduating from Yale University
in 1968 and Harvard business school in 1975, he worked in oil businesses. In 1977 he married Laura
Welch and unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives shortly after. He later co–owned the
Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas Gubernatorial
Election. He was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial election against ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He signed into law board tax cuts, the patriot act, the No Child Left Behind Act, the Partial–Birth
Abortion Ban Act, Medicare prescription drug benefits for senior citizens, and funding for the aids
relief program known as the Presidents Plan For Aids Relief (PEPFAR). His tenure saw national
debates on social security, electronic surveillance, immigration, and torture. Bush successfully ran
for re–election against Senator John Kerry in 2004, in another relatively close election. After his re–
election, Bush received increasingly heated critism from across the political spectrum for his
handling of the Iraq war, Hurricane Katrina, and other challenges. Against this criticism, the
Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 election. In December 2007, the United
States entered its longest post–World War II recession, often called the "Great Recession"(The
White House), promoting the Bush administration to receive congressional passage of multiple
economic programs meant to preserve the country's financial system. Nationally, Bush was both one
of the most popular presidents in history, having received the highest recorded the highest recorded
presidential approval ratings in the wake of September 11th attacks, as well as one of the lowest
approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis. On March 23, 2003, United States led

A Brief Note On The Country Of Togo
In the country of Togo, the people who live there generally live more to the South and along the
major North–South highway that connects the coast to the Sahel River (State department, 2005).
They mainly speak French, but the people in the South speak either Ewe or Mina (State Department,
2005). The ones who speak the Ewe language, moved to Togo by crossing the Niger River valley
during the 12th and 14th centuries (State Department, 2005). In the 15th and 16th centuries, Togo
was known as "The Slave Coast" because over the next 200 years, European explorers traveled there
in search for slaves (State Department, 2005). I believe all of these problems can easily be fixed if
the U.S. government realized what the Togolese people have been ... Show more content on
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The babies that do survive, however will most likely be taken or given away from their parents/
relatives between the ages of five and fifteen and are forced to go into child trafficking and forced
labor (Fistula Hospital, 2005). Next, the U.S. government should help the children in Togo because
they are being put into child trafficking, they are afraid to go to school, and there are very few
people who are putting up a fight to help them. In Togo, there is an International Day of Missing
Children on Wednesday (5/25) and it is a time to focus attention on the widespread problem of child
trafficking (Togo's missing children, 2005). So far there are over 300,000 children who are missing
in Togo due to them being taken from their families or sometimes given away by them (Togo's
missing children, 2005). Child trafficking is a worldwide human rights violation, but Togo has the
greatest number of missing children. The children, who are not taken from their families, are bullied
and abused in school. The teachers rape the girls and if they get pregnant then they are kicked out of
school and forced to go into prostitution. The boys are beaten by their teachers or other classmates
and they are also raped by their teachers. Projects funded by the Department of Labor's Bureau of
International Labor Affairs have helped about one million children worldwide by helping them get
out of child labor or other situations where they are being abused (United

Political Campaign Is the Branding
How much of political campaigns is about Branding ?
Political Campaign is all about Branding. Before explaining how much of political campaign is
about Branding we should know this what is the political campaigns? Political advertising is a form
of campaigning used by political candidates to reach and influence voters .Political campaign is the
use of an advertising campaign through newspapers, radio commercials, television commercials and
Social media commercials etc. To influence the decision made for and by groups. These ads are
designed by political consultants and the political campaign staff. It can include several different
mediums and span several months over the course of a political campaign. Unlike campaign finance,
there are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To bring the campaign alive, Brand Leadership developed and implemented a multi–media
campaign including TV, radio, print, outdoor, internet, publications, public relations, events, road
shows and media training for key party spokespersons and leadership. The campaign was massively
launched with a rally at the National Theatre and broadcast live on major media running for eight
months.
According to Thebe Ikalafeng, Brand Leadership's founder who led the campaign strategy and
project, "Naturally we are excited that Brand Leadership was a part of a mutually satisfactory
journey with the NDC in Africa's foremost model of democracy. The campaign, as Barack Obama's
campaign demonstrated, clearly heralded the new era of "political branding" with its roots firmly in
marketing, branding and new media. It is always gratifying when one can show a causal effect
between a campaign and the results. We, as does the NDC, have no doubt, the clear, consistent and
disciplined campaign run by the NDC and its aligned activation contributed to victory in a very
close but nonetheless exciting and successful election".
For Brand Leadership, the success of the election in Ghana is a huge credential that will establish
the agency as a leading force in the use of marketing and brand strategy to drive political
communication. The agency can celebrate this achievement because the election broke all records in
African politics and political

Magnificent Catastrophe Essay
Critical Book Review #1
In the book "A Magnificent Catastrophe" the author, Edward J. Larson, writes about all of the little
details that has occurred in the First Presidential Campaign in the 1800s. He begins his book with
how the two parties, the Republicans (Jefferson) and Federalists (Adams), were going to compete in
who will govern the United States now that it is a free country and no longer under Britain's rule.
Although they had at first been friends they soon became enemies because of how they believed the
government should be. Jefferson believed that the government should be a populist government that
trusted popular rule. While Adams believed that America should have a strong government and that
al ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inputting the photographs of the men of that time put a face to who was talking and what their
thoughts were about at the time. Having the photographs of the electoral votes taught me how they
were shown to people in the newspapers and what each state voted for. The 1793 cartoon that
showed Thomas Jefferson leading the Federalists in a meeting taught me that people really thought
they were evil and horrible people as there is a devil in the corner watching the men talk. Also,
Larson has inserted at the end of his book pages titled Notes which helps the readers see exactly
where he got his information from and the years and by who in which had originally wrote the
information. The pages titled Notes is a positive because it shows that his evidence that he found
about the election is credible. The photographs, the small background details, and the pages titled
Notes are the positives that Larson has contributed in his book. The negative aspects of this book
was that it was boring to me. Although I did learn a lot from it it did not catch my interest of
wanting to read other books that cover this topic of the election. Another negative aspect is that the
diction that were used in the book were most of the time confusing and I did not understand it.
Larson could have inserted some more interesting events that occurred during the election. Although
this book taught me more about the election I did not find it interesting and the diction that

Summary Of A Magnificent Catastrophe By Edward J. Larson
The book A Magnificent Catastrophe by Edward J. Larson tells the story about the presidential
campaigns and election of 1800, the first peaceful exchange of powers between two parties that
occurred without violence or civil war. Larson referred the election of 1800 as the 'Second American
Revolution' because it solved many unsolved issues about the government. One of which is the
electoral votes between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, that resulted in a tie and led to a change
in the Constitution in which the Twelfth Amendment stated to clearly vote between the president and
the vice president. Larson illustrated how both science and religion, confrontation between John
Adams, the Federalist and Thomas Jefferson, the Democratic–Republican, ... Show more content on
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He illustrated how the philosophical differences of the "America's two greatest surviving
Revolutionary leaders" influenced the democracy we now have today. For example, according to
Larson, Thomas Jefferson trusted popular rule and distrusted the elites, in contrast, John Adams
distrust common people and believed in aristocracy. This difference in views and beliefs led to the
ratification of the Constitution and creation of a national banking system. Larson also explained how
the events happened at the time influenced or affected the election in 1800. For example, America's
reaction to the French Revolution caused coalition and accusation of both political parties. Thomas
Jefferson favored France, while John Adams favored Britain, which led to accusations that he wants
to reverse the effects of the American Revolution and bring back monarchy (Larson,

American Revolution Chapter 13 Outline
1838–42 – British forces invade, install King Shah Shujah. He is assassinated in 1842. British and
Indian troops are massacred during retreat from Kabul.
1878–80 – Second Anglo–Afghan War. A treaty gives Britain control of Afghan foreign affairs.
1926–29 – Amanullah tries to introduce social reforms, which however stir civil unrest. He flees.
1933 – Zahir Shah becomes king and Afghanistan remains a monarchy for next four decades.
1953 – General Mohammed Daud becomes prime minister. Turns to Soviet Union for economic and
military assistance. Introduces social reforms, such as abolition of purdah (practice of secluding
women from public view).
1963 – Mohammed Daud forced to resign as prime minister.
1964 – Constitutional monarchy introduced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arsala Rahmani of the High Peace Council is shot dead in Kabul. A former Taliban minister, he was
crucial in reaching out to rebel commanders. The Taliban deny responsibility.
2012 July – Tokyo donor conference pledges $16bn in civilian aid to Afghanistan up to 2016, with
US, Japan, Germany and UK supplying bulk of funds. Afghanistan agrees to new conditions to
counter corruption.
2012 August – The US military discipline six soldiers for accidentally burning copies of the Koran
and other religious texts in Afghanistan. They will not face criminal prosecution. Three US Marines
are also disciplined for a video in which the bodies of dead Taliban fighters were urinated on.
2012 September – US hands over Bagram high–security jail to the Afghan government, although it
retains control over some foreign prisoners until March 2013.
The US also suspends training new police recruits in order to carry out checks on possible ties to
Taliban following series of attacks on foreign troops by apparent police and Afghan

How Did Charles De Gaulle's Political Changes
Kamille Moise
Professor Hennessy
POLS 1611 – BB
10 December 2014
Political Change during the 4th and 5th French Republics The political infrastructure and status of
European states has inspired discussion and sparked debate among political scientists for many
years. However, no other state has inspired comparative research and analysis more than France's
political culture and the numerous attempts of French leaders to implement a stable and effective
democracy. Although there had been a long tradition of republican politics in the country, Charles
De Gaulle, the first elected president by means of popular vote, was successful in democratizing
France. It is important to study the economic, societal, and political factors that led to the collapse ...
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According to Anthony Downs, economist and author of An Economic Theory of Democracy, a
system of proportional representation, gives voters more options in regards to choosing a president
and political party, and influences the formation of coalitions which allows for an increase in voter
turnout (142). However, this system caused a different outcome among the French people. In fact,
voter turnout was at all–time low due to dissatisfaction with the government. Members of
parliament were forced to form coalitions with smaller parties that they had nothing in common
with. It was very easy for the small parties, which were usually poorly organized, to hold the
balance of power because there had to be compromise in order for important decisions to be made.
There was a predominance of the MRP, Socialists and Communists in the party system. This made it
even more difficult for political stability to ensue. In addition to miscommunication and a lack of
compromise among the parties within the coalition governments, tensions created by the cold war
allowed for the rightist, RPF party to rise to power, tearing the leftist coalition

Conservatism Essay
In January, 2017, for the first time since 2007, a single party will have control of the White House
and both houses of the U.S. Congress. Objectively, this monopoly might seem to represent a strong
and unified conservative/Republican Party. The Republican nominee, Donald Trump, won the
Presidential election by a comfortable electoral margin, and the GOP extended its majorities in both
the Senate and the House of Representatives. Though the GOP may be in a position to advance a
conservative agenda and orchestrate significant rollbacks of legislation passed under the Obama
administration, Republican progress will not necessarily be the consequence of Republican unity.
Despite its powerful facade, the modern conservative movement is deeply divided ... Show more
It will also attempt to identify the major challenges that the movement faces. Only by understanding
the fractious history of conservatism can we begin to hypothesize on what the future of the
movement might look like. Knowledge of its history along with recognition of the increasing liberal
trends in American life and politics are essential in order to grasp a true awareness of the forces that
threaten to undermine the American conservative empire. There are three main factors that most
conspicuously challenge the strength of conservatism and its future: the diverse and oppositional
nature of the coalition, the fact that American democracy is inherently liberal, and the election of
Donald

A Magnificent Catastrophe By Edward J. Larson
The book A Magnificent Catastrophe, by Edward J. Larson, narrates a story about how dirty and
devious America's first presidential campaign of 1800, how it became the most powerful election
and how it molded America's future in today's society. Adams and Jefferson two great friends that
shared one common goal. It is to obtain America's freedom against the motherland Great Britain.
They have remained close coworkers and friends throughout the American Revolution, but then in
the 1800 each went thru their separate ways and had their own political parties and different
ideologies. One believed that solitary "effective central government led by a powerful president
could forge a stable, secure nation from a multiple of weak, wrangling states" (Larson, 2007, 17)
and called themselves Federalist led by John Adams. Adams believed that America should have only
one strong influential president that is in control of the nation. He does not want to give people too
much power because he does not want them to have a lot of freedom. On the other hand, one wants
America to be the "land of free, prosperous farmers and workers" (Larson, 2007, 17) called
themselves Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson saw America as a country that is for the
people. The people of the U.S is the President and that all people are born with individual rights. An
individual rights that the government couldn't restrict just because they wanted to control the people
and create a central government. The

President System vs Parliament System
Presidential Government VS Parliamentary Government
Canada and the U.S. are ruled under two different political systems of government which are
parliamentary government and presidential government. These two government systems are the
most fundamental and dominant government methods in the world. The main issue and debate that
has been concerned is that which form of government is more superior to the other. It will provide
on the characteristics of parliamentary system and also characteristics of the presidential system.
Moreover, comparison of main elements of these two systems will be examined as well.
Contemporary examples from both the Canadian and the U.S system will be illustrated to strengthen
main differences. This paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prime minister can determine the ministers in each ministry (Johnson, 2004). The head of
government has certain degree of authority and freedom to delegate to its ministers, and it can lead
the government to more stable political situation because fusion of power between the ministries and
prime minister is achieved. Prime ministers can also nominate members of the cabinet but their
functions are not just limited to advisory and consultative. The members must decide collectively
broad matters of policy, involving foreign affairs, finance, and other issues of concern to the entire
government (Hitchner, 1970). The collective body of cabinets reduces the role of prime minister and
his executive power. The presidential government has distinctive characteristics compared to
parliamentary system. According to Hargrove, "presidential government can be defined as by nature,
single–person office, chosen for a fixed term by a uniquely national constituency, sharing virtually
all the powers of the federal government with an equally distinct and independent congress"
(Hargrove, 1984). The president, who is directly elected by public, is head of the government and
also head of the state. It appears that the president has full support from public and also symbolizes
the national representative and unifying figure. The "separation of power" and "check and balance"
are main features in the presidential form of government. According to Abueva, "legislative power is
vested in

History of Central African Republic: Essay
History of Central African Republic: The Central African Republic (CAR) is located in the heart of
equatorial Africa. The country, with an estimated population of 4.4 million and a landmass of
622,984 sq km , is landlocked, sharing borders with Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC), Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon. The country, a former colony of France
(formerly known as Ubangi–Shari), gained independence on August 13, 1960. Like most former
colonies, CAR was subject to interference in domestic affairs by its former colonizer. The French
were linked to the death of Barthélémy Boganda, the country's pre–independence leader . The
French were also directly involved in several coups within the CAR. Following the death ... Show
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In March of 1972, Bokassa declared himself president for life. In 1976, Bokassa instituted a new
constitution, which declared the country a monarchy with Bokassa at the head; the country became
known as the Central African Empire. Bokassa's coronation ceremony is reported to have cost his
country over 20 million U.S. dollars . Because of the CAR's diamond and uranium resources,
countries like the United States and France dealt with and supported Bokassa. Ultimately in
December of 1977, the U.S. suspended all aid to the Central African Empire. France followed suit in
1979, suspending all aid not earmarked for health care, education, or food, when it became apparent
that Bokassa was in partnership with Libya's Muammar al–Gaddafi. In September of 1979, after
widespread rioting in the CAR and following the massacre of about 100 school children by
Bokassa's imperial guard , French troops restored David Dacko to power while Bokassa was abroad
in Libya. In March of 1981, Dacko was elected president of the restored republic in a rigged
election. However in September of '81 he was overthrown in a bloodless coup lead by General
André Kolingba. Kolingba ruled as a corrupt military dictator until 1986. During that period France
suspended all budgetary support. Consequently, the CAR was forced to begin dealing with the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international organizations. In 1984, the CAR began
conforming to IMF budget

Compare and Contract the Budget Processes and Systems of...
Comparative Public Administration
PROJECT
Compare and contract the budget processes and systems of fiscal accountability in Presidential and
Parliamentary systems of Government.
Student: Lyn Marie James
Abstract
There is diversity of forms of government (Laundy, 1989) and different ways of classifying them
and as such, this paper sets out to discuss the budgetary powers of the legislature under different
forms of government, and the environment that informed the political structures. The paper
discusses the different forms of government systems that exist in various countries with specific
focus on the Presidential system as obtained in countries such as the United States of America and
the Parliamentary "Westminster" form ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The expansion of budgetary control over the rest of the military and into non–military areas during
the Eighteenth Century was slow and inconsistent. However, as Parliament became more
accustomed to allocating funds, some modern concepts and terminology began to develop. In 1733
Robert Walpole, Whig Prime Minister under George I, began referring to the inauguration of the
discussions on the Crown's proposed expenditures as the "opening of the budget." This convention
continued, and gradually by 1800 this usage was universally accepted in England.
In France a conscious effort to make government rational was initiated. Following the lead of the
Philosophers during the Age of Reason, and eager to replace the medieval traditions of the ancient
regime, the French introduced sweeping changes to their government and society during the reign of
Napoleon.
As with the English, except with different motives, Napoleon's first concern was with mastering the
military budget. To obtain better information on, and to control expenditures, he established a Corps
des Comptes. The general who headed this corps became,

A Magnificent Catastrophe By Edward J. Larson
A Magnificent Catastrophe is written by author Edward J. Larson. This book was paying attention to
the First Presidential Campaign in the 1800s. The United States had not presidential election in prior
to 1800. However, electoral politics are re–oriented United States in it are definite direction and
solidified the two party system since 1800, so that is a reason why this book is meaning detect.
During the critical 1800 election, the author has written regarding Founding Fathers of America who
are Jefferson, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and Aaron Burr. They have contributed in the
country's principal documents. Primarily the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were
influenced by philosophers Hobbes and Locke. Even though election could be pursued in harsh
adherence to law and principle with not turn into a battle of political ideology, in spite of the
scheming between Adams and Jefferson, they remain as representations to be respected in the
history of America. This book is pointing out extremely well about their unbridgeable breaks and the
differences of their political devices. He starts his book with Jefferson and Adams story regarding
two parties being the Republicans and the Federalists. They have huge differences about how to
govern the United States. Jefferson, who is representative of Republicans, helps freedom of each
state and the government should be the populist government that refinanced popular rule with his
running mate New York's Aaron Burr.

Religion In Ender's Game
Justin Bresson
May 11, 2017
Overholt
Contemporary Literature Paper
Effects of Strong Religion and Nationalism In Ender's Game, by Orson Scott Card, the reader is
faced with a futuristic world that at first glance appears to be distant not just in time, but also in the
state of society. However, upon further examination, this alien world is in fact disturbingly
reminiscent of our present day society and international relations. Similar to now, we witness a
world where there is a downturn in religion, nations are turning to fierce nationalism, and the
international community is held together by a few tenuous alliances. Both religion and nationalism
have the power to accomplish great things by uniting a people in the strongest way possible;
however, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No, tomorrow we won't be sending children into space to be abused, maimed, or even killed all for
the sake of a common good. But, if nothing is done now today will be remembered as the day we
began sliding into the this valley of the shadow of death. For this reason we must fight the growth of
blind nationalism in our country and promote a unified humanity through international discourse,
lest the shadows be closer than we wish to think. We must remember that, while it may feel good in
the moment to eschew the chains of our ancestors, we must be wary and ensure that in our rush for
individuality we do not simply change the ideal to which we are

Illinois Is A Full Of Corruption And Greed
Campaign Paper
Illinois is a full of corruption and greed. There are certain aspects that need to be changed in order to
help voters get what they want and also to alter the political culture of the state. The Governor of
Illinois has a lot of say as to what happens politically in Illinois. For one thing, the Governor is
responsible for enacting laws. This can affect the lives of the citizens of Illinois. Voting for governor
can help with voters self–awareness and the state's happiness. Many Governors of Illinois have not
done their job correctly or have bended the rules in order to get things done. This has resulted in
many previous Governors to be either impeached or convicted for their crimes. Vote for Karen
Yarbrough during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas over 20% of Illinoisans speak a language other than English at home. The Roman
Catholics constituted the single largest religious denomination in Illinois. The state's religions also
include Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Jewish, Mormon, and Baha'is. Illinois has many natural
resources, including coal, timber, and petroleum. Illinois has three major geographical divisions;
Northern, Central and Southern.
Illinois was a political swing state with near–parity existing between the Republican and Democratic
parties. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground and Illinois has come
to be seen as a solid "blue" state in presidential contests. Chicago and most of Cook County voters
have long been strongly Democratic. College towns also lean Democrat. Republicans continue to
prevail in the outlying Chicago exurban areas, as well as rural northern and central Illinois.
Republican support is also strong in southern Illinois, outside of the East St. Louis metropolitan
area.
The state has normal voting requirements and early voting is available (Illinois State Board of
Elections, 2015). Illinois has an interesting type of primary system. It has a mix between open and
closed (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). It can be seen and seems really obvious to
me that the nature of elections in Illinois is dirty (Scheele, Losco, Hall, 2012).

Presidential Election Of 2016 Brought A Terrible Name To
presidential election of 2016 brought a terrible name to the Hispanic population. With the constant
negativity revolving these families who have made their homes in the United States, the new policy
of deportation has come up more than once throughout the election. However, this historical
unrepresented group has made an impact, and without them, we would not have the same society,
culture, or diversity. Examining their migration to the United States, their culture, their growth, and
how the United States is viewing them today, we will be able to see their impact on the U.S.
Migration
Immigration has been vital to the growth of the United States. We are a melting pot of different
ethnicities, and it is no different for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fear increased as The Great Depression approached (Hoffnung–Garskof, 2007). In the 1930's,
Michigan officials felt that it was their duty to solve the issue at hand. "Ethnic cleansing" was their
solution, and as a result, unemployed Mexicans were deported. After the depression, America found
a way to kick start the economy again. The sugar beet industry was once again flourishing.
Minimum wage was established, and manufacturers smuggled in Mexican workers to help. In 1957,
the migrant worker population increased to 106,000 people in Michigan (Hoffnung–Garskof, 2007).
The Mexican people migrated to the U.S. in search of better lives. They were an active part in the
building of the United States economy and our culture.
Culture
The Mexican community is a diverse one, and one that has a distinct culture. To begin, there are
subgroups within the Mexican community, but the biggest subgroup is mestizo which is 60% of the
population (Zimmerman, 2015). Also, there are many languages inside their communities. The main
one is Spanish at 92.7%, but there are also indigenous languages such as Mayan or Nahuatl. There
are some common words that come from the indigenous languages such as tomato, coyote, and
chocolate (Zimmerman, 2015). Another huge part of their culture, is their religion. 82% of the
Mexican people identify with Catholic. Other religions include Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodists,
Baptists, and Anglicans. There is diversity in their culture just like everyone

The British Voting System, Undemocratic
This essay will be dealing with the question how the British voting system tends to be undemocratic
in comparison with two other European voting systems – the French and German. The United
Kingdom counts five distinct types of elections: UK general elections, elections to national/regional
parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections and mayoral
elections.(wikipedia, 2008).According to the facts and in comparison with the French and German
systems, the British voting system might be undemocratic. Held generally each four years ( in the
UK, Ireland, Norway) or five years( in France), elections suppose a certain democracy. But what is a
democracy? Since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, ... Show more content on
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Whoever comes in the government reflects the majority's desire. In this point, this system tends to
be more democratic than the First Past the Post–system in the UK and the voters are encouraged to
"vote with their hearts" in the first round and then "vote with their heads". ( European Politics, pp
134) There is in this system more place and chance for big and small parties.
The Federal Republic of Germany, a federal parliamentary republic of sixteen states uses a mixed
system. In this system, voters are given two votes. One to vote for a candidate in their local
constituency or district; the other to vote for a list in a multimember constituency. (European
Politics, pp 135). The benefit or advantage of this system is that it ensures, whatever the results of
the constituency, the overall result of the election in a more or less proportionally way. For this
reason this list, the list in a multimember constituency, is a compensatory one. As has been
demonstrated, voters in Germany even get 2 votes, which makes this system more democratic than
any other. The voters really have the feeling that their voices are important, that they can decide who
they want in the government and there is no feeling of wasted voices. Besides, a chance is also given
to all parties and the fight for power is not only in the hands of a few groups. In this option, the
mixed system seems also more democratic than the British one.
Initially, one of the most widely used system, the

2016 Is The Year Of Presidential Electionwhich Makes All
2016 is the year of presidential election which makes all Americans look forward to better life. In
the meantime, the two Democratic candidates Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders, have been
promoting many positive ideas to enhance the economy, cut off the social problems, and build a
better life for all Americans. Nevertheless, during the debates, two candidates have some
significantly different proposals. One of the proposals is regarding health care coverage. With
expensive medical prescription costs in the U.S., Clinton supports the Affordable Care Act like
Obama Care, which helps people attain health coverage for a reasonable price, while Bernie Sander
proposes, "a single payer for all Americans", which implies that all Americans will ... Show more
Second, under a free medical system, health care professionals will easily make medical errors
during the treatment. Looking at the fact of Switzerland's health care system, which is one of the
models of "free medical care", Alphonse Crespo, M.D, who is a Swiss orthopaedic surgeon and
research director of the Institute Constant de Rebecque, Lausanne, Switzerland, states, "A 2007
survey revealed rates of "critical incidents" of up to 40% at the university hospitals of Geneva and
Lausanne."(11) One example of "critical incidents" is the death of a fourth–year–old girl in a public
French hospital. She died of a fever because of incorrect medical treatment (11). Clearly, the quality
of health care will decline if free medical care is approved. Another reason everyone should not
have a right to free medical care is lessoning the individual responsibility. Firstly, people who
receive free medical care will be irresponsible for their self–care. For instance, when people are paid
for their health care, they will lack awareness of their health insurance cost. In fact, people buy
insurance to avoid financial risks. For example, when people buy car insurance, they will try not to
get into accidents while driving. That is, when people must budget their health insurance, they will
be more likely to take care of their health since they are aware of what they pay for. In addition,
providing free medical care will contribute to the medical overuse. In fact, when people are not

The Revolution of 1800 Essay
During the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson succeeded in defeating the incumbent, John Adams,
and assumed the presidency. In terms of elections though, the election of 1800 itself was a
fascinating election in that it a heavily–contested election and was effectively the first time political
parties ran smear campaigns against each other during an election. The Republican Party attacked
the Federalists for being anti–liberty and monarchist and tried to persuade the public that the
Federalists were abusing their power through acts such as the Alien & Sedition Acts and the
suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion (Tindall and Shi 315). The Federalists, on the other hand,
attacked Jefferson for his atheism and support of the French Revolution ... Show more content on
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The Federalists no longer held power in the presidency and in Congress and as a whole, were
"destined never to regain national power" (Tindall and Shi 317). The defeat of Adams was the
beginning of the Federalists' decline and their party would gradually fade over time into obscurity.
Even more important was that the election of 1800 demonstrated the success of the so–called
experimental republican government. Jefferson's victory showed that it was possible for the
government handle the transfer of power from the in–power party to the out–of–power party. Even
though the period leading up to the election was filled with conflict between the political parties,
after the election the presidency was transferred from Adams to Jefferson without bloodshed or legal
issues. Jefferson was unanimously recognized as the president and the government was established
as a legitimate political body that could handle change, not just a dynasty of Federalists (Mr.
Weisend). The election of 1800 and subsequent deadlock between Jefferson and Burr also exposed a
flaw in the U.S. Constitution that the original Founders did not expect. The Founders originally gave
each elector in the Electoral College two ballots to cast for a President and a Vice President. They
had hoped that the two candidates with the most votes would set aside their differences and assume
the roles of President and Vice President,

The Vietnam War: The Chinese Civil War
China's recent militaristic advances have raised tensions between China, Vietnam, and Taiwan.
Recently, China has sent surface–to–air missiles to a land that is partially claimed by Vietnam and
Taiwan. Due to the past that China has with its neighboring countries, many countries, like Taiwan
and Vietnam, are concerned about the move China has made in putting missiles on Woody Island.
The Chinese Civil War, which started in 1927 and ended in 1950, was a civil war fought between the
Republic of China and the Communist Party of China. The reason the war started was because of the
differences in political ideologies. Chiang Kai–Shek's idea of nationalism was in disagreement with
the idea of communism. He believed that communism was socially and ... Show more content on
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This was a shocking announcement as the highway would travel through land that once was a
battleground. The highway would help with trade between the two countries and demilitarizing the
border. The relationship between the two countries was also looking well when Vietnam showed
strong support of Chinese measures in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. However, in 2014,
there have been articles in Vietnam criticizing China for how they dealt with the Tiananmen Square
protests. Before that, Vietnam was careful to criticize China and its policies, but because of conflict
over China's placement of an oil rig, the media in Vietnam is not as concerned with being careful
anymore. As of right now there is a lot of tension between China and Vietnam over the placement of
the oil rig. China's recent militaristic advances in Woody Island is not helping as the island is also
claimed by Vietnam. In a recent poll by the Pew Research Center, 60% out of 83% of Vietnamese
are 'very concerned' about the territorial disputes with China, while 23% are 'somewhat concerned.'
In another poll by the same research center, they found that 74% of the Vietnamese population view
China as a

French Politics: Should The Presidencial Term Be Reduced?
Since 1962 when the referendum on the Direct Election of the President of the French Republic took
place, the President was to be chosen by the people through universal suffrage instead of by the
electoral college like it has been before. But the changes in French politics were far from over.
During September 2000, the French voters had to make a very important decision that would forever
change the nature of French politics. They were to decide if a constitutional amendment should be
considered in order to reduce the presidential term from seven years to five. The positive result of
the referendum made it obvious that the average French voter was ready for change. But why was
this the case? What was the problem with the current system ... Show more content on
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The five year presidential term, or quinquennat, was supposed to stabilize the patterns of who was in
power and for how long as well as to limit the times of cohabitation. "In this way the presidency
would re–emerge as the undisputed supreme authority and centre of policy–making, re–establishing
a Fifth Republic norm widely perceived to have become weakened by three periods of cohabitation,
where lines of decision–making and responsibility had often seemed blurred" (Buffotot & Hanley
2003) Additionally, politicians wished that the changes would bring about alterations to problems
like voter indifference, the spreading disintegration of political supply and an cumulative
polarization. Moreover, "for political scientists, the new arrangement [meant] that future French
presidential and legislative elections [would] occur in quick succession in five–year cycles, a
situation that provides an excellent natural laboratory for analyzing multiparty competition in two
different strategic contexts" (Laver et al. 2006: 669). Moreover, the electoral cycle was able to be
amended at this point in time due to opportunism and chance. When Georges Pompidou tired in
1973 to shorten the presidential term he failed "primarily because of an event that had nothing to do
with the problem, namely the Yom Kippur war in the Middle East" (Duhamel 2001). The
modification process was frozen because this war caused Pompidou's majority to lose

GKE task 3
A. African Colonization Colonialism is defined in the dictionary as a policy by which a nation
maintains or extends its control over foreign dependencies. African colonization is one example.
Africa was oppressed by the European imperial powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
(Parker, 2007). Unlike in other parts of the world, African colonization was short lived and the
colonial period was over by the 1960s (Parker, 2007). The European 'scramble' for territory at the
end of 19th century is probably the best–known occurrence in the continent's history. The involved
imperial powers were Britain, France, Portugal, Germany, Italy, and Spain (Parker, 2007). These
countries were competing for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2007). African History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, GBR: Oxford University Press, UK.
The Colonization of Africa. (n. d.). Retrieved July 9, 2013 from
http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay–colonization–of–africa.html Studying Africa through
the Social Studies. (n. d.). Retrieved July 9, 2013 from
http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m7b/activity2.ph B. Russian Revolution
of 1917 The events of the Russian Revolution made dramatic changes in the world's history but it is
still not clear if the First World War caused the Russian Revolution in 1917; it is obvious that
domestic situations were reaching the crisis point before August 1914; state and society were tilting
toward dramatic confrontation. In 1915–1916 the country was headed toward disaster economically
and financially as enterprises were converting to military production when it became obvious that
the war would not be over soon. There were problems with transportation, and the undersupply of
raw materials. People began to voice their discontent at government's incompetence. Members of
the Duma formed the political association Progressive Block that was calling for the tsar to be
replaced with a government of public confidence– by which they meant themselves. The pressure
for the tsar's resignation was rising. The population was mobilizing itself to continue revolutionary

The Phenomena of Conformity, Obedience, and Deviance
Effects of Social Influence on One's Self
This essay defines the phenomenon of Conformity, Obedience and Deviance in the light of historic
research and contemporary experiments. Concluding to the fact that deviance is a valuable Human
attribute that makes our life what it is today.
Introduction:
Man is a social animal and among his other social needs, is to be socially recognized and acclaimed
by his fellow society members. This desire is so overwhelming that one might go to any extent to be
part of a social group. Thus one's opinions, expressions and behavior might change in order to
obtain coherence with the group norm. The desire to be part of a group can be so daunting that one
may base their major decisions on this desire of others. In fact we tend to provide justifications of
our own actions by comparing them with other and thus getting our validation. The behavior/
decision seem more reasonable to us if we find others doing it too. Since our childhood we have
been taught about the behavior which are acceptable by the society, this tends to decide what is right
or wrong for us.
The two most visible attitudes discovered by extensive research, are conformity and obedience. Two
might appear to be one and the same. However, historic researches have helped us analyze a major
difference between them:
Conformity:
Conformity is the extent to which the individual will change his/ her perception and attitude to be in
accordance with the group norms. Now these norms

Jane Rodham Research Paper
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton "was born on October 26, 1947, at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago,
Illinois". She was raised in a family that was United Methodist. Rodham's family first lived in
Chicago, Illinois in which her father Hugh Rodham made a small successful textile business. As for
her mother, she was a homemaker. Her father was of English and Welsh descent while her mother
was "from Dutch, English, French Canadian, Scottish and Welsh Descent". During young Rodhams
life, she was generally liked by her teachers at the Park Ridge school which she attended. While in
school she participated in swimming and softball in which she won plenty of badges. While "on a
trip to Chicago with her youth ministry Rodham had the chance to see Martin Luther King Jr. speak
which sparked her lifelong passion for social justice." In her early years, she was interested in the
Space Race, she sent a letter to NASA asking them what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While in college she became for interested in social justice activism. In college, she majored in
political science. Rodham "had become a prominent student leader–she was elected by her peers to
be the first ever student speaker at Wellesley commencement ceremony" according to Hillary
Clinton's website. She supported elections of Republicans like "John Lindsay to Mayor New York
City and Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke to the United States Senate"(Brock 1996,
pp. 12–1). In her junior year in college Rodham was elected for the "presidential nomination
campaign of Democrat Eugene McCarthy" according to New York Times article by Mark Leibovich.
After Martin Luther King Junior's death "Rodham organized a two–day student strike and worked
with Wellesley's black student to recruit more black student and faculty"(Leibovich, 2007). When
Rodham got fired from the Mount McKinley National Park washing dishes she striked about the
unhealthy conditions in which it ran and got shut down

David Burnett: A Brief Biography
David Burnett is an American photojournalist born on the 7th of September 1946, in Salt Lake City,
Utah, USA. He is based in Washington D.C. He first launched his photogenic career in 1976 as an
intern at Time Magazine. He was also also studying at Colorado College for his political science
degree. He graduated from Colorado College in 1968 with his political science degree and began
working as a freelance photographer for Time and Life, first in the United States and later in
Vietnam. He became the last photographer hired by Life Magazine when Larry Burrows died in
February 1971. The famous magazine ceased publication the following year. He then joined the
French agency Gamma before co–founding Contact Press Images with Robert Pledge in

Islamic Terrorism And Islamic Extremist Violence
On the 13th of November 2015, a terrorist attack was carried out in the city of Paris killing 130
civilians (BBC src. A 2015). This attack surfaced many underlying fears of increased immigration
from Islamic countries such as Syria. France and the Netherlands, along with other Western
European powers, are becoming increasingly wary of opening their borders to the Syrian refugees
out of fear of Islamic extremism―and with good reason. Previous to the Paris Attacks― in January
of this year―France witnessed another terrorist attack at the headquarter of a satirical magazine:
Charlie Hebdo (BBC src. B 2015). The Netherlands has also fallen prey to Islamic extremist
violence in the case of the public murder of Theo Van Gogh, a controversial film ... Show more
A and B). The Netherlands, the most progressive of the two, was the first nation in the world to
legalize gay marriage (Pew Research 2015). Also in both governments, the executive branch is split
into the head of state and the head of government. The Netherland's government varies in that it
takes the form of a constitutional monarchy. In the legislative branch, both countries take the shape
of a traditional parliament, functioning fundamentally parallel (CIA src. A and B 2015). Both
countries represent a multiparty system containing coalitions of center–right and center–left parties.
A significant anomaly present in both countries is the rise of right–wing parties: Front National
(France), and the Party for Freedom (the Netherlands) under the political leadership of Marine Le
Pen in France and Geert Wilders in the Netherlands.
These right–wing parties promote anti–islamic platforms and support the reduction of immigration
in efforts to preserve their national identity. In the most recent regional elections in France, the
National Front lead in six of the thirteen regions winning "27.73% of the vote in the first round,
followed by Mr Sarkozy 's Republicans on 26.65%, and President Francois Hollande 's Socialists
with 23.12%" (BBC src. D 2015). The National Front's success in the first round of elections was
thought to serve as representation of the future presidential election in

What Is The Power Of The Constitution
The constitution, which was established in 1993, gives too many and strong powers to the Russian
President. Sometimes, people compare Russia's presidency with Charles de Gaulle in the French
Fifth Republic Everyone knows about the authority and rights which Russian President has. He can
issue decrees and directives that have the force of law without legislative review, but they should not
contradict that document or other previous laws. The President has a power to make so many
appointments of key officials. The winner should get more than 50% of the votes cast. If no one gets
more than 50% of all votes, two candidates who got more votes than others are going to face each
other in a run–off election. A the beginning, presidents had only ... Show more content on
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So, half of the seats are elected by proportional representation from closed party lists with a 5%
electoral threshold with the whole country as a single constituency. The other seats are elected in
single–member constituencies using the first–past–the–post system. In the Russian Federal
Assembly, the upper house is the Federation Council. The analogy is the United States Senate. There
are 170 members, who are called senators, in The Council. Each of the 85 federal subjects of Russia
has two senators who are in the Council. One of them is elected by the provincial legislature. The
second senator is chosen by the provincial governor and should be confirmed by the legislature
branch. Terms to the Council are determined according to the regional bodies the senators represent
as a result of the territorial nature of the upper house. There are nineteen judges in The
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In The Constitutional Court of the Russian
Federation, there is Chairman and Deputy Chairman. The President appoints judges with the consent
of the Federation Council. The Constitutional Court is limited subject matter jurisdiction. The
constitution gives powers to the Constitutional Court to solve disputes between the executive and
legislative branches in Russia and between the capital of Russia, Moscow, and the regional and local
governments. Moreover, the Constitutional Court also has power decide violations of constitutional
rights, to

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Codified Constitution
Is a codified constitution a political straightjacket which impairs responsiveness to new political
realities and changed circumstances?
There is a dispute between people who are against the codified constitution and those who are
arguing for it during the last two centuries. People who believe that a codified constitution is more
suitable for democratic countries have strong points. For example, Heywood (2013) notifies that a
codified constitution entrenches major constitutional principles and protects individual liberty. On
the other hand, a codified constitution can be considered more rigid and can make it much difficult
for the government and society to deem and balance new reality if the circumstances change. This
essay is not going to discuss the strength and drawbacks of a codified constitution, but it is going to
analyze how both codified and uncodified constitution deal with developed conflicts and unexpected
circumstances. Moreover, this essay will examine examples from history and constitutions of such
countries as China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States of America
and Israel. My conclusion will be that it does not matter if the state has a codified or uncodified
constitution, because the most important fact is that any constitution should be flexible enough to
reflect political realities and respond on changed political circumstances.
It is necessary for the better understanding of the topic to discuss briefly codified and uncodified
constitution and give definitions for both of them. According to Heywood (2013), a codified
constitution is a single legal document that is popularly known as a 'written constitution' and that
contains key constitutional provisions. However, the traditional approach is to distinct written or
codified constitutions with unwritten or unсodified constitutions. Ryan and Foster (2014) notify that
unсodified constitution is made up of rules from different sources. In other words, it is not a single
document. Also, Finer, Bogdanor and Rudden (1995) describe an uncodified constitution of the
United Kingdom as indeterminate and indistinct. According to Garner, Ferdinand and Lawson
(2009), only three liberal democracies that are Israel, New

Analysis Of John Orwell 's ' Pig Tales '
"Real Dystopia in Pig Tales"
Pig Tales is the first novel written by Marie Darrieussecq at the end of the twentieth century. It uses
many pornographic scenes and bloody depictions to describe a woman's transformation into a sow.
During this transformation, the heroine also encounters men and women with different social
statuses including marginalized homeless people, corrupted politicians, an exploitative perfume
boutique director, customers in the boutique, a poor teacher, and black immigrants. Like the heroine
diverse groups of people who made up a noteworthy part of the contemporary French society but
were usually neglected or oppressed. It also make the heroine's voice more observing and
representative that anyone from the lower class ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was never successfully elected and the general public often accuses him of being a fascist. As a
controversial figure, he had been convicted of racism or inciting racial hatred at least six times by
2004. Edgar, with similar ideology, takes a series of tyrannical approaches and turns France back
into a fascist world filled with terror and orgy after he had won in the election. Marchepiede is also
portrayed as a religious and conservative lunatic and is criticized subtly in this novel. My paper
focuses on Le Pen's political proposals as they are reflected by fictional characters in the novel and
implicitly criticized by the narrative voice of the heroine implicitly.
Jean–Marie Le Pen is obsessed with the national identity of France. He used to claim that his
political position was neither left nor right, but French. He promotes the identity attached to
Western, Humanist, and Christian civilization, and opposes the development of Islamic culture and
practices in France and Europe. France had just seen the effects of far right politics on the Jewish
community from the Holocaust in the middle of the twentieth century. Its influence was still existing
when the novel was written but the topic of the Jewish community was rather avoided by people at
that time. Meanwhile, the Algerian war of independence that happened in 1950s brought the
relationship between Islamic and French culture into

The Foreign Policy Behavior Of United States
Many international events in the world are an outcome of decisions made by individuals. This has
led to a series of discussions amongst scholars, who wonder to what extent can state leaders
formulate policies that reflect national interests? In a state setting the burden to formulate policies
aren't only limited to the President, but also to different individuals who may pursue their own goals.
This is evident in Kenya, whereby analysts claim that the 2011 intervention in Somalia wasn't only
influenced by the then President Kibaki, but also his Minister for Defense Yusuf Haji who wanted to
advance the interest of Ogaden tribe in Somalia's Jubbaland.
Scholars claim that individual policymakers have distinct differences that range from their
background to personality perceptions, which in turn can affect the nature of their policies.
However, other scholars differ claiming that there's no wide distinction, because state and individual
decision makers as they are all rational actors exemplifying their national interests. This is revealed
in the foreign policy behavior of U.S. – Kenya relations, whereby change of regimes doesn't
necessarily reflect a change of interest.
1.1. PRESIDENT MWAI KIBAKI
President Mwai Kibaki, the leader of the NARC government was sworn in as President in 2002,
taking over from his successor Daniel Moi. His presidential win marked a great achievement,
especially because his newly formed NARC party defeated KANU with more than 30% in both

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