JUST NEED (4) REPLIES TO THE OTHER STUDENTS 2-3 Sentences Replay · · Week Four Discussion 1 Compare the work of two artists from any two different art movements covered in Chapter 21. · Describe, then compare, the contexts, concerns and main aspects of each movement and how those appear in the artworks you've selected. · Be sure to explain why you made your particular choices of movements, artists and artworks. · Evaluate the artwork you've selected according to any criteria you think are relevant (given what you have learned so far in the course). Be sure that you are making an evaluative comparison of the two artists’ work, rather than simply discussing them in turn. REPLY TO:Permenter  Week 4, Discussion 1  COLLAPSE Top of Form Romanticism and Impressionism vary greatly in their style.  Romanticism was in favor for a much longer period of time, roughly 1800-1890, than Impressionism (1870-1880).  Romanticism was more an attitude and choice of subjects than a true style.  The artists of this period looked for emotions and imagination when deciding what they wanted to create.  They looked for the risqué and exotic as well as mystery.  Impressionist artists had some more flexibility with the new availability of equipment that was more portable.  This allowed Impressionists to work in the actual outdoors as opposed to studios.  These artists used natural light, shadows and a lighter color palette to express their ideas.  The pieces for this discussion were chosen due to the similar subject of the works yet stark contrast.  Both pieces feature a group of people enjoying a leisurely activity, yet they are not alike at all.  The way they contrast and show their specific movements is remarkably interesting.  First, the Romanticism piece chosen is The Women of Algiers by Delacroix (p.485, fig. 21.2).  This piece is very risqué, and the subject of the piece is quite scandalous.  The women portrayed are women in a harem and it was unusual for outsiders to be allowed in, let alone document it such as this.  Delacroix demonstrates this period by the subject of the piece being so exotic and mysterious.  He does a great job showing unity yet variety here as well.  The painting feels very dark and colors of the piece are mostly neutral and really work well together, with a kick of reddish orange here and there to brighten up the piece.  The Impressionist piece Le Moulin de la Galette (p.490, fig. 21.7) by Renoir is a stark contrast to The Women of Algiers .  This piece, while detailed enough for one to see the subjects and understand the context of the painting, is not focused on the clear lines and defined objects as The Women of Algiers is.  Renoir uses a freer stroke and uses emphasis and subordination.  The emphasis of the painting is on the small group in the front of the painting as the rest get blurrier the farther away they are.  This painting is so much brighter with a lighter palette than the other clearly showing that it is from a different mov ...

1. JUST NEED (4) REPLIES TO THE OTHER STUDENTS
2-3 Sentences Replay
·
· Week Four Discussion 1
Compare the work of two artists from any two different art
movements covered in Chapter 21.
· Describe, then compare, the contexts, concerns and main
aspects of each movement and how those appear in the artworks
you've selected.
· Be sure to explain why you made your particular choices of
movements, artists and artworks.
· Evaluate the artwork you've selected according to any criteria
you think are relevant (given what you have learned so far in
the course).
Be sure that you are making an evaluative comparison of the
two artists’ work, rather than simply discussing them in turn.
REPLY TO:Permenter
Week 4, Discussion 1
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Romanticism and Impressionism vary greatly in their style.
Romanticism was in favor for a much longer period of time,
roughly 1800-1890, than Impressionism (1870-1880).
Romanticism was more an attitude and choice of subjects than a
true style. The artists of this period looked for emotions and
imagination when deciding what they wanted to create. They
looked for the risqué and exotic as well as mystery.
Impressionist artists had some more flexibility with the new
availability of equipment that was more portable. This allowed
Impressionists to work in the actual outdoors as opposed to
studios. These artists used natural light, shadows and a lighter
color palette to express their ideas.
The pieces for this discussion were chosen due to the similar
subject of the works yet stark contrast. Both pieces feature a

2. group of people enjoying a leisurely activity, yet they are not
alike at all. The way they contrast and show their specific
movements is remarkably interesting. First, the Romanticism
piece chosen is The Women of Algiers by Delacroix (p.485, fig.
21.2). This piece is very risqué, and the subject of the piece is
quite scandalous. The women portrayed are women in a harem
and it was unusual for outsiders to be allowed in, let alone
document it such as this. Delacroix demonstrates this period by
the subject of the piece being so exotic and mysterious. He
does a great job showing unity yet variety here as well. The
painting feels very dark and colors of the piece are mostly
neutral and really work well together, with a kick of reddish
orange here and there to brighten up the piece.
The Impressionist piece Le Moulin de la Galette (p.490, fig.
21.7) by Renoir is a stark contrast to The Women of
Algiers . This piece, while detailed enough for one to see the
subjects and understand the context of the painting, is not
focused on the clear lines and defined objects as The Women of
Algiers is. Renoir uses a freer stroke and uses emphasis and
subordination. The emphasis of the painting is on the small
group in the front of the painting as the rest get blurrier the
farther away they are. This painting is so much brighter with a
lighter palette than the other clearly showing that it is from a
different movement. Another key difference is the location of
the work. The Le Moulin de la Galette was done outdoors
which was only recently possible during the Impressionist
period.
REPLY TO: Phillip Howard
week 4 discussion 1
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
I chose to compare the works of Henri Matisse and Pablo
Picasso. Henri Matisse was the leader of a movement called

3. Fauvism which was short lived, but it was part of a bigger
movement called Expressionism. In Expressionism, the artists
experimented with color and believed that painting with their
feelings was more important than ensuring they were accurate
displays of the world. A great example of Expressionism is
Henri Matisse’s painting “The Joy of Life”. I chose this
particular movement because I like the belief behind it. The
thought that you don’t have to follow the traditional ideas,
instead in this painting he uses the color yellow to give the
feeling of joy. He also uses the element of art form, with the
shadow effects throughout the painting to create the feeling that
the people and trees were three dimensional. I feel like this
painting personally caught my attention because yellow is my
wife’s favorite color, so yellow reminds me of her. The other
artist I chose was Pablo Picasso from the Cubism movement.
The Cubism movement, “reduced the role of color in order to
concentrate on the problem of representing form in space”.
(Getlein, 2016) The whole idea behind Cubism was that you can
see an object from multiple viewpoints and once you are able to
see all of the different angles, that is when you will have a true
understanding. Cubist were trying to paint all these different
perspectives in one image simultaneously. In the painting by
Pablo Picasso “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”, you can see he
fragmented the painting into flat planes while still showing a
three-dimensional object. This is not just with the women’s
bodies but also with the background, by doing this the entire
painting appears flattened. I chose this this movement because I
like that it is abstract as well as the fact that Picasso didn’t just
stick with the norms. Instead he pulled inspiration from non-
western art, specifically African masks for their dynamic and
simplified forms. As well as he found a way to merge the
figures and the ground pulling all elements of the painting to
work together. The biggest accolade for Cubism is, “that it
offered the most original and powerful system for rethinking the
representation of form and space since the Renaissance.”
(Getlein, 2016) Both artist from different movements looked to

4. find new ways to use the elements of art to break the mold and
create something new and original. Picasso and Matisse both
found new ways to show form in their art and an example for
both would be using shading and shadow effects to show three-
dimensional effects in their paintings.
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
· Week Four Discussion 2
Consider the new media for art that has arisen in the past
century, such as digital photography, video, computer animation
and design, virtual art, 3d printing, interactive art, installation,
and others. Do these new forms of media follow the same
“rules” as more traditional forms of art like drawing, painting
and sculpture (Do they use the art elements and design
principles)?
Support your position with examples, and finally, discuss what
you see as the important roles of art in the 21st century.
To answer this particular question, click the link above. Once
you are in the forum, click the “Create Thread” button to view
the question again, as well as, create and submit your answer.
REPLY TO THE PROFFESSOR: Morris FACULTYMANAGER
Bringing this Full Circle:
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
HI Class,
We began this class by asking ourselves what "rules" artists
have to follow for their work to be considered "art". In Week 1
discussion 1, we identified two main classes of rules or reasons
that art is considered art. The first was that artists use the art
elements and design principles in their work, and the second
was the use of Getlein's six functions of art. As you consider

5. examples of New Media this week, do you find that these
examples incorporate the art elements and design principles or
fall into one of Getlein's categories for functions of art?
REPLY TO: Matthews
Week 4 Discussion two
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Traditional art consisted of many art forms that were relevant to
the past. paintings, sculptures, printmaking, mosaics and
drawings were some art forms. Traditional art was prominently
created using cultural perspectives and ideas For example, "The
Last Judgement" by Michelangelo, expresses his view of
religion and beliefs. And, Raphael's self portrait showed
realism, a common traditional technique. Artists used to use
Materials like paint pencils, charcoal, clay, plaster, brush,
pottery wheel, palette knife and others. They chose to use these
materials because traditional art was considered cultural and
religious in the past and using these different materials to give
the art more meaning and texture.Traditional arts were time
consuming, artists used to finish painting within months but
they had meaning of the paintings, their painting used to show
culture, religion, life events, related to it.
The new media for art like digital photography, video, computer
animation and design, virtual art, 3d printing, interactive art,
installation, and conceptual art. Contemporary art artists
nowadays are more lean towards aesthetically pleasing their art
rather than meaningful. There is no specific subject, matter,
event, culture is explored through their paintings .
Contemporary artists reflects modern-day society through their
art. though, contemporary art is real quick and technological,
but i don't think so that these new forms of media follow the
same "rules" as more traditional forms of art like drawing,
painting and sculptures. The most common examples of
contemporary art is graffiti.

6. According to my perspective, videos plays the important roles
of art in the 21st century. the reason behind it is 21st century
people run towards aesthetics, entertainment, gaining
knowledge but without wasting time in books. so, these quick
and short videos fulfill all their needs within minutes.
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Running head: THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN
RENAISSANCE 1
The Developments of the Italian Renaissance
Shaquille Lane
National University

7. THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 2
Introduction
The Italian Renaissance was a period in Italian history that
covered the 15th and 16th
centuries. Toward the end of the 14th century A.D most Italian
thinkers declared that they were
living a new age (Hay,1977). During that period Italy
experience a cultural rebirth, that massively
affected all sectors of the society. It was a fervent period of the
European cultural, artistic, political
and economic rebirth following the middle ages. It led to the
discovery of classical philosophy,
literature, and art. According to Hay (1977), the Italian
renaissance is best known for its
achievements in painting, music, philosophy, architecture,
sculpture. By the 15th century, Italy
became the European leader throughout the renaissance period.
Most scholars have agreed that
between the 14th- 17th century there was a new way of thinking

8. about the world and man’s place.
The Italian Renaissance was spreading throughout the Italian
peninsula which resulted in the
creation of buildings, churches, villas and plenty of palaces.
Miskimin (1975) stated that the
renaissance created competition between all the Italian capitals,
since each one of them wanted to
be recognized as the most beautiful place in Italy. This paper is
going to analyze the historical,
political, religion and cultural context for the Italian
renaissance, also, it will explain the
development in art and architecture made in the Renaissance
period and the role of patronage in
art creation.
During the early renaissance, the artists began to reject the
Byzantine style of religious
painting and strove to create realism in their depiction of the
human form and space (Miskimin,
1975). According to the study, the artist during the early
renaissance was highly influenced by the
humanist philosophy which emphasized that man’s relationship
with the world, the universe, and
God was no longer the exclusive province of the Church.
Additionally, during that time, a new

9. standard of patronage in the arts came up which was separate
from the church or monarchy. The
1
2
Erin Morris @ 2020-04-27T13:06:19-07:00
"This is not the correct format for an outline. Here is a good
source that describes how to do a sentence outline:
https://app.shoreline.edu/doldham/102/HTML/Sentence%20Outl
ine.html
"
Erin Morris @ 2020-04-27T13:06:24-07:00
"This appears to be a topic statement instead of a real central
“argument” for your paper. Remember that your thesis
statement should be a one-sentence argument for your paper.
The thesis should be something about your topic that your paper
can ""prove"" in its course. Your thesis statement should be the
last sentence in your introduction.
"
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 3
idea was supported by the prominent Medici family. The
renaissance marked a great cultural
change throughout the whole of Europe also it is viewed as a

10. bridge between the medieval and
modern ages.
During the renaissance, there were political and economic
changes that bought huge
transformation in all of Europe (Inglehart, 1988). There was a
rise in a strong central government
and an increasingly urban economy. The middle ages were
presided over by the catholic church.
The church used to preach about the denial of worldly
pleasures. During that time the European
society was defined by the system of feudalism where societal
classes were hierarchically divided
based on their position in the prevailing agrarian economy.
Later in the middle ages, the situation
changes greatly whereby the church loses its power as
monarchies rose to consolidate feudal
manors into powerful city-states and nation-states. The sates
opposed the church in matters of tax
collection and legal jurisdictions. Apart from the rise of
monarchies also money economy came
up. This happened because as monarchs brought peace to feudal
society, feudal lords concentrated
less upon defending their lands and more upon accruing large
quantities of cash, with which they

11. improved their style of living and dabbled in the growing
market economy. According to Inglehart
(1988), the actions of the feudal lords led to the reduction of
serfdom practice and later the serfs
became the tenant's farmers and landowners. The trade of
agricultural and manufactured goods
grew in importance and cities became populous and modern
The economic changes in Europe that made the Renaissance
possible
During the renaissance, there was an economic change in
Europe. The European economy
grew drastically especially in the trade area (Routt, 2008).
There was development such as
population growth, expanding trade routes and a new
manufacturing system that led to an overall
increase in commercial activities. Before renaissance feudalism
was rampant in the middle east
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 4
but it disappeared when Capitalism emerged. This change
affected many aspects of European
society such as agriculture, the European economy, and the

12. manufacturing sector, forcing people
to adapt to new ways of conducting bossiness with others.
Europe's economy depended mostly on agriculture, the town and
cities did not become
significant centers of production until the late middle ages.
According to research, the economic
importance increased rapidly after the medieval period. During
the middle ages most peasants were
serfs, but by the late 1400s serfdom was declining throughout
Europe and peasants were free to
move about and they were also allowed to rent farms for
themselves. The increase in population
caused the demand for food to rise. The landowners were forced
to pay more for their labor and
these made food prices hike across all Europe. Both an increase
in prices of commodities and
growth in the number of people needing goods and services
prompted the merchants to expand
their business.
According to the study, Renaissance Europeans had a very
diverse economy where
different commodities were releases in abundance. But with
time some parts of the continent grew

13. economically while some parts declined. During the 1300s and
1400s, Italy had dominated
European trade and manufacturing. Merchants in Florence,
Milan, and Venice developed large
business organizations to carry on their activities across
Europe. Additionally, they manufactured,
sold, or traded a wide variety of products. They also provided
banking services for governments
and other merchants in many areas of Europe.
Cole (2012), stated that during renaissance especially in the
1500s, there were some
changes in the organization of manufacturing and trade. Major
guilds such as the one for the
production of woolen cloth changes character. Occasionally the
owners and investors dominated
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 5
the guilds and they were the ones to make a decision. It is noted
that investors had some political
powers which helped them advance their interest at the expense
of their workers. Additionally, the
European economy experienced a mix of crises and
opportunities during the renaissance period.

14. But people showed remarkable skills in adopting the change.
Throughout the renaissance political development and overseas
exploration had a profound
effect on European trade. According to Cole (2012), the
Mediterranean Sea was the main arena of
international trade during the start of the renaissance. Venice
dominated commerce in the region
because of its powerful merchant fleet and strategic location.
Also, the Venetians controlled the
flow of luxury goods and spices between Asia and Europe
The role of patronage in art creation
During renaissance art was very important because patrons were
willing to support it. The
wealth, personal vanity and new levels of education in society
all supported a growing culture of
patronage. Patronage is considered as the support, or
encouragement that an organization or an
individual bestows to another. During the renaissance period,
the Medici patronage played a huge
role in helping and supporting artists. The Medici family ruled
the city of Florence throughout the
Renaissance. According to research, the Medici through their
patronage of the arts and humanism

15. had a major influence on the growth of the Italian Renaissance.
Artists during the renaissance period
Through the renaissance period, there was the greatest artist
who was known for their
sublime artistry. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael,
and Donatello are known as
masters of the renaissance (Cole, 2012)
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 6
Leonardo da Vinci was an artist, inventor, draftsman, and
polymath. His best-known
masterpieces include the Mona Lisa which is kept in the Louvre
in Paris. Also, he created the
last supper the sketch of the Vitruvian Man. Also, there was
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti
Simoni he was an architect, artist, poet, and engineer. He was
considered as the greatest artist
during the renaissance. He is well known for his sculpture of
David and famous frescoes in the
Sistine Chapel depicting the scenes from Genesis and The Last
Judgment. The third was Raffaello

16. Sanzio da Urbino he was a painter and an architect. He was a
prolific artist and he was not from
Florence, he died much younger than Leonardo, Michelangelo,
and Donato. He was known by his
famous works which include his paintings of the Madonna of
the Pinks, Saint George, and the
Dragon, Sistine Madonna and The School of Athens. Lastly,
there was Donatello, he was a sculptor
whose most well-known works include his bronze sculpture of
David, bronze roundel of Chellini
Madonna which symbolizes the virgin and child with four
angels. Also, he painted the wooden
sculpture of penitent.
During the renaissance, there were political and economic
changes that bought huge
transformation in all of Europe (Inglehart, 1988). There was a
rise in a strong central government
and an increasingly urban economy. The middle ages were
presided over by the catholic church.
The church used to preach about the denial of worldly
pleasures. During that time the European
society was defined by the system of feudalism where societal
classes were hierarchically divided
based on their position in the prevailing agrarian economy.

17. Later in the middle ages, the situation
changes greatly whereby the church loses its power as
monarchies rose to consolidate feudal
manors into powerful city-states and nation-states. The sates
opposed the church in matters of tax
collection and legal jurisdictions. Apart from the rise of
monarchies also money economy came
up. This happened because as monarchs brought peace to feudal
society, feudal lords concentrated
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 7
less upon defending their lands and more upon accruing large
quantities of cash, with which they
improved their style of living and dabbled in the growing
market economy. According to Inglehart,
1988) the actions of the feudal lords led to the reduction of
serfdom practice and later the serfs
became the tenant’s farmers and landowners. The trade of
agricultural and manufactured goods
grew in importance and cities became populous and modern
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of classical

18. values in art, literature, and
philosophy.it was considered as the period of artistic
development in western art and its influence
spread across Europe. It promoted the cultural and scientific
ideas that shaped the artistic thoughts.
Through the research above renaissance was caused by the
increase in interaction between
different cultures, the emergence of humanism and different
artistic and technological innovation.
The most prominent feature of the renaissance was the
furthering of arts. During the renaissance
period painters such as Giotto, and sculptors such as Ghiberti
experimented with techniques to
better portray perspective.
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 8
Reference

19. Cole, S. J. C. M. W. (2012). Italian Renaissance Art. Thames &
Hudson.
Hay, D. (1977). The Italian Renaissance in its historical
background. Cambridge University Press.
Inglehart, R. (1988). The renaissance of political culture.
American political science review, 82(4),
1203-1230.
Miskimin, H. A. (1975). The economy of early Renaissance
Europe, 1300-1460. Cambridge
University Press.
Routt, D. (2008). The economic impact of the Black Death. EH.
net Encyclopedia.
Comment Summary
Page 2
1. "This is not the correct format for an outline. Here is a good
source that describes how to do a sentence outline:
https://app.shoreline.edu/doldham/102/HTML/Sentence%20Outl
ine.html
"
2. "This appears to be a topic statement instead of a real central
“argument” for your paper. Remember that your
thesis statement should be a one-sentence argument for your
paper. The thesis should be something about your
topic that your paper can ""prove"" in its course. Your thesis
statement should be the last sentence in your

20. introduction.
"