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1. Confucianism
Reported by:
Cristina B. Protacio

2. CONFUCIANISM
• It is a complex system of moral, social, political and
religious thought which has had tremendous influence
on the history of Chinese civilization up to the 21st
century. High morals, ethical conduct, and loyalty to
others is central in Confucianism
• Founded by Confucius
• An ideology mainly in China - other countries,
particularly Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

3. Li --> rules, ritual decorum
Ren --> benevolence,
Shu --> Reciprocity
(Do not do unto others what you would
not want others to do unto you.)
Yi --> Righteousness
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your elders!)

4. The Confucian thought applied in psychological
Counseling

5. MEANING OF LIFE
• Human possess some essence which makes them
different from another animals.
• Ex: Everyone has potential to be virtuous,
some can even reach stage of sage. some can
even reach the stage of sage.

6. STRESS COPING
• Confucian thought emphasizes that
adversity or stressful events could help
individuals grow by developing good traits.

7. Life and death education
• Life and death were nature phenomenon.
Besides, the immortality of human lies in
the soul not in the body. He must do his
best in living.

8. GRIEF COUNSELING
• Confucian thought advocated that facing
the death of loved person one should be
hui-bu-mie-xing which means one should
never harm himself even though he is
great pain from losing the loved ones.

9. SELF-REGULATION
• The goal of Confucian thought was to
make human beings become full person and
by achieving it, one must adopt self-regulation
techniques such as
introspection, self-examination and
meditation.

10. INTERPERSONAL SKILL
• The principle of interpersonal skill was
Zhongshu, meaning that one should
understand other people as in the case of
understanding oneself. It is a process of
“from me to you”, which is different from
the Western Concept of empathy which
stresses “from you to you”.

11. Social Skill
• Confucian thought emphasized that facing
different interest from different group,
one should take the principle of
Zhongyong (Golden Mean or Split the
Difference), meaning that one should fully
consider the interests of all the parties
and come to a solution that is accepted by
all.

12. Personality development
• To Confucian thought, the key factors of personality were
1. Benevolence (ren)
2. ritual (li)
3. Intelligence (zhi)
• The three factors were reciprocal and shown the feature of virtue. If they
developed fully, it can made individual to seek ultimate Spirituality of Way
(Ren Tao) and had the social function of understanding fate (Zhiming);
• The personality development was the process of transcendence of Jingjie,
which means the same thing had been sensed as different meaning in
different life stage. This idea was different form the West approaches of
personality.

13. COUNSELING TECHNIQUE
• Confucianism encourages a self-learning
approach. The Confucian idea of self-learning
could be helpful for develop.
Confucianism has been a traditional
philosophy. Thus, it is important to
consider some methodological issues when
trying to incorporate Confucianism into
psychological counseling.

14. HINDUISM

15. • Hinduism is the oldest religion of Indian
people and Nepalese people. It refers to
the cultural activity and daily morality
base on karma, dharma and social norms of
those people. It includes Shaivism,
Vaishnavism and Shaktism among
numerous other traditions.
• Hinduism is considered a major world
religion because of its approximately 700
million believers and it has influence on
many other religions during its long
history.

16. POSSSIBLE ATTITUDES AND VALUE OF PEOPLE
FROM INDIA
• Nonconfrontation or silence as a virtue.
• Filial piety
• Harmony between hierarchical roles
• Humility
• Obedience
• Modest about sexuality
• Less need for dating
• Importance attached to preserving the original
religion

17. CULTURAL FACTORS HINDERING
OUTSIDE COUNSELING IN HINDUISM
• Talking about personal intimate problems with anyone
other than a member of the family is typically
prohibited.
• The model of minority that perpetuates the denial of
mental and emotional problems. (alcoholism, domestic
violence)
• Conflict between their values and that of Western
values. Western style counseling focuses on the
development of the individual whereas Hindu and
Indian cultures value family before “self-centered”
interests.

18. COUNSELING CONSIDERATION AND INTERVENTION
STRATEGIES
• Supportive direct questioning combined with
empathetic listening skills.
• Involving all family members in the therapeutic
dialogue.
• Intervention should balance autonomy and
interdependence.
• Direct eye contact with older family members may be
perceived as disrespectful.
• Tapping into spiritual strengths can help ameliorate
problems and sends the message that their culture
has relevance in addressing life challenges.
• The use of Hindu meditation to improve various
problems.