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Essay on Cultures Influences on Art
Cultures Influences on Art With changes in culture, come changes in art. Throughout history,
artworks have been produced as an imitation of the culture and society in which they were created.
The cultural frame examines the meaning of artworks in relation to the social perspective of the
community from which it grows. A reflection can be seen in Manet's realist artwork of Olympia, and
similarly, Umberto Boccioni's Unique forms of Continuity and Space reflects different beliefs and
conventions merely as a result of societal changes. Pop Art works such a Andy Warhol's Marilyn x
100 and Post – modern works, such...show more content...
These particular artists chose to focus their interests on worldly, real, raw and pure subjects. They
wished to create simple art, painting exactly what they saw and how they saw it. Among these
artists was Edouard Manet. Manet was known as a rebel for his time most likely because of his
rebellion against Classic and Romantic traditions and his confronting and stirring painting of
Olympia. Manet takes Titian's Venus of Urbino as his model, yet instead of following accepted
French art practices of depicting historical, biblical or mythical themes, he paints a woman of his
time. The subject is a real female courtesan lying nude on a bed in a provocative position, with
one hand covering her genitalia. He paints in his own manner of quick, rough, visible brushstrokes
and replaces deep perspective with two flat frames. Olympia was a very confronting artwork to
society as although many middle and upper class gentlemen of the time were frequent customers of
courtesans and prostitutes, but being confronted by one on a canvas in a gallery was something
different. Manet has broken away from traditional practices of art in the 1860s, and created a unique
realist artwork depicting a common scene.
Dramatic events such as the Industrial Revolution, World Wars, and changes in the social world,
influenced new ideas and technology which revolutionized the way artworks
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Essay on Art History
In the early 1700s, the monarchies failures at finance, national debt, involvement in multiple wars
with little care given to veterans and rising unemployment inflamed the people. When coupled with
the monarchies lifestyles of lavish spending on countless mistresses, flouting morals, excessive
parties at court, and political favors, the popularity of royalty was quickly disintegrating. The
irresponsibility of the aristocracy was no longer ignored, and a movement was beginning. This set
the stage for political change.
Writers such as Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and John Locke (1632–1704) of England experienced
these changes and began exploring the ideals of republicanism and liberalism through their writing.
Thus,...show more content...
It did not take long for the ideas to spread through Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Spain,
Portugal, and the American Colonies. The American Revolution began in 1775, and Thomas Paine
wrote Common Sense in January of 1776. Voltaire who had written thousands of letters, books, and
pamphlets finished his "Dictionnaire Philosophique in 1764, and the French Revolution began in
1789.
As these social, political, and moral views changed, so too did the style the arts used to
communicate life. It was during this Age of Enlightenment that the Neoclassical era in art history
began by reflecting these changing views using a style much less ornate and gilded than the
Baroque and Rococo styles that had previously dominated artistic endeavors. Strict adherence to
simple classical style with an aim to technical perfection was favored and borrowed heavily from
Greek and Roman pieces discovered earlier in the 1700s. Art was approached with the same logic
and reason of the age and with much less emotion and drama than Baroque or Rococo.
The subject matter was often dark and serious, morally and ethically upright, or heroic. Where the
aristocracy had valued drama, emotion, and grandeur, the people now valued self–denial and
self–sacrifice over self–indulgence. The colors were often dark or solemn and made use of
chiaroscuro,
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Essay on Art Criticism and Art History
Art criticism and Art History
Case Study: The use of assemblage and the found object in historical and contemporary art practice.
The origins of the practice of assemblage can be traced back to its early twentieth century roots
based on ideas presented by Dadaists. The Dada movement was a literary and artistic movement
during the First World War and further developed as a non
–art movement. The main idea of Dada
was to not follow a uniform rule of what an artwork entails in order to be valued. This movement
was significant in the development and history of art as it challenged society with new ideas
therefore provoking change in our perspective of what can be classified as aesthetically pleasing
and all the possibilities of what art...show more content...
Duchamp's works are both seen as postmodern as they use postmodern conventions such as
appropriation and parody (as seen in L.H.O.O.Q) and recontextualisation in 'Fountain' (above).
***********
The re–emergence of the found object in pop art was significant in the development of the history
of art as it reinforced previous ideas presented by the Dada artists of aesthetics and of what society
will accept as an artistic work.
The re–emergence of the found object in pop art looked at artworks using contemporary theories
and knowledge that were established in the 1980s to challenge traditional and modernist ideas,
which was exactly the aim of the Dadaists. It is due to the challenging of contemporary perceptions
of art in which the found object would be considered a postmodern practice in its time.
Found art (also known as Ready–mades) is a description of art created by modified and undisguised
objects that are not considered art for the main reason of their non–art function. The art created by
these found objects convey meaning through their context, assemblage/composition and by the
artists intention and approaches taken to montage pieces together.
The use of assemblage and the found object in Pop Art practice became an artistic trend and is
exemplified by Robert Rauschenberg where he combines installations with the assemblage of large
physical objects and commercial photography to form 'Combine' in 1963. Rauschenberg
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Art History Essay
ART
__–history, __–theory, __–world
(Accounting for modern art with Dickie, Danto, and Weitz)
Up until the twentieth century art theorists had consistently sought for a definition of art–a
definition that would determine a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be
called art. But artists in the 20th century did not want to be defined, and they deliberately tried to
create artworks that would not fit under some theorist's umbrella. We saw the Beatniks with their
free verse; we saw the pop art of Andy Warhol; we saw the rise of abstractionist and surrealist
painters; we saw "happenings", and we saw "ready–made" art, all of which combined to make the
finding of a definition of art almost...show more content...
If you try to think of a necessary condition for a game to be a game, there will always be some
game that refutes the condition, or some game that we could invent that would not fit that
condition, but could fit many others. The question of whether something is or is not art does not
require us to see if all its properties fit into some specific set of necessary and sufficient
conditions; rather, it requires us to ask whether or not we will make a decision to "enlarge the set
of conditions for applying the concept (Weitz, 188)." For both games and art there are no essential
properties, there are only "family resemblances", or relational similarities that allow us to recognize
whether a thing is close enough to be considered "art" or "a game". Weitz offers a great summation
of his argument concerning the "openness" of the concept of art:
"What I am arguing, then, is that the very expansive, adventurous character of art, its ever–present
changes and novel creations, makes it logically impossible to ensure any set of defining properties.
We can, of course, choose to close the concept. But to do this with "art" or "tragedy" or
"portraiture," etc., is ludicrous since it forecloses on the very conditions of creativity in the arts
(189)."
So, Weitz's
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Advanced Placement Art History Essay
Advanced Placement Art History is an Advanced Placement Art History course and exam offered by
College Board. AP Art History is designed to allow students to examine major forms of artistic
expression relevant to a variety of cultures evident in wide variety of periods from present times into
the past. Students acquire an ability to examine works of art critically, with intelligence and
sensitivity, and to articulate their thoughts and experiences. The main topic is European Art, with
focuses on African, Hindu, South and East Asian, and Islamic Art. Pre–Historic art has been
removed from the curriculum. Starting in the 2015–2016 school year, College Board has introduced
a new curriculum and exam for students to apply art historical skills...show more content...
The multiple choice section includes 115 questions that must be answered in 60 minutes. In Part A,
students have 20 minutes to answer five sets of questions based on color images. In Part B, there
are 85 questions that must be answered in 40 minutes, some of which do not pertain to any specific
image, and involve the basic recalling of facts. Other questions, refer to black and white images
within the test booklet.
The free–response section includes two 30–minute essay questions and six 10–minute essay
questions . In Part A, Students must respond to the prompts, citing two examples of works of art that
reflect the prompt's theme. In Part B, each short essay question is based on a work of art and / or
quotation from a primary source / document. For quotation–based questions, students must select an
appropriate work of art to analyze.
Scoring
The multiple choice section of the exam is worth 40% of a student's score. The free–response is
worth 60%. Each correctly answered multiple choice question is worth one point. As of 2011, wrong
and omitted questions do not affect the raw score. For the free–response section, the six short
answers are worth 35% of the total grade, and each is graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Finally, the two
long essays are each graded on a scale of 0 to 9, totaling 25% of the
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The History of Art Essay
The History of Art
Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of
civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern
western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans.
Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed
before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentation after the
successful hunt. It appears that art from the earliest history into the Renaissance focuses around
religious ceremonies of some type.
Plato believed art to be a form of communication on a metaphysical level. The modern western view
...show more content...
Without the scientific knowledge of later generations, it is assumed that these figures were
representations to invoke fertility.
Mesopotamia art was centered in what are now Iran and Iraq. The developing cultures (Assyrians,
Sumerians, Babylonians, etc) in the area, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which is
sometimes called the "Cradle of Civilization" or the "Fertile Crescent", are credited with the
invention of cuneiform writing which is shown to us in the Stele (law code) of Hamarabi. Within
these cultures, rulers often conferred with the religious leaders and religion was an important part of
their society.
The unique character of Sumerian art is exemplified by a group of votive statues from the Abu
Temple, at Tell Asmar. The identities of these statues are unclear. However, it is an educated theory
that they served Abu, God of vegetation, and they represent priests, and worshipers. There is no
indication that these figures were intended to represent a naturalistic scheme. It is important to note
that the symbolization is that of the human form and representative of some form of authoritarian
hierarchy. Tracking the human form and its relationship to art, history, and culture as the human
figure evolves through the centuries as artists perfect their
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Essay on Art History
The exhibition Degas: Form, Movement and the Antique at the Tampa Museum of art consist of
47 pieces from the French impressionist's Edgar Degas life. The exhibition focuses on Degas
fascination with motion, and shape and his influences from Greek and Roman art. It consists of
oil paintings, charcoal and pastel drawings, and bronze replicas of his works. Most of the pieces
are inspired by horses, ballerinas and everyday women. He traditionally used line, color and texture
in his paintings to convey the poise and grace of the figures. He also used asymmetry, imbalance and
dramatic angles to give the dancers a more naturalistic feeling. In his sculptures he typically used
shape and space to simulate movement, and used form to capture the...show more content...
In Rearing Horse he uses a dramatic poses to express the dynamic movement of the horse and to
capture the horse's wild and unrestrained nature. In this piece I believe Degas was trying to express
a sense of freedom and impulsiveness. In Thoroughbred Horse Walking the statue has an incomplete
and spontaneous feeling to it that is almost like a quick drawing. It feels as though Degas is trying to
communicate a feeling of defeat and resignation with this piece. In Horse with Jockey Degas is
trying to show the connection between a horse and its rider, it is meant to show how they both move
as one during a race and the relationship between man and nature.
Both Dancer Looking at the Sole of Her Right Foot and Dancer Holding Her Right Foot in Her
Right Hand are statues of Ballerinas balancing on one leg, cast in bronze. In these pieces Degas
manages to capture the poised nature of the dancer's movements. The pieces themselves have a
rough and unfinished quality to them like a sketch or gesture drawing. These pieces show Degas
love for sculpting bodies in motion, and by looking at these pieces it was easy for me to see why
Degas found dancers such an enchanting subject; he saw even their smallest gestures inspiring and
translated that beauty into sculptures that express their rhythm and movement perfectly.
In the statues Spanish Dancer and Grande Arabesque demonstrates Degas's ability to convey
dancelike rhythm and motion in his
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Art History Essay
Presenter: Welcome. Welcome, to the national radio, bringing you the latest news, and updates.
Today we have a special guest speaker, all the way from France... I am happy to present Mr.
Daumier, the famous 19th century painter.
Daumier: Bonum mane, hello... It's a pleasure to be here.
Presenter: Today our fans want to ask you a few questions about some of your paintings and the
media you have used.
Daumier: Well of course.
Daumier picks up his water and takes a small sip.
Presenter: The first painting our viewers are interested in, is your print Gargantua.
Daumier clears his throat.
Daumier: Ah yes, one of my finest caricatures.
Presenter: So, Mr. Daumier you are known as the Michelangelo of Caricatures, why is...show more
content...
At this time Charles X was dethroned because of attacks on freedom of press. The revolution then
brought to power King Louis Philippe who took a direct political role in the revolution, to my
surprise...
Presenter: Excuse me Mr. Daumier. You were in France during the time of the revolution, weren't
you?
Daumier: Yes I was, and what I saw really moved me, causing me to take the job of being a
political cartoonist. However even with the new king, Louis Philippe, the government's creeping
aggression on the freedom of the press influenced my caricatures, particularly after the conquest of
Democrat uprisings in 1834. In Gargantua I portray the king as a greedy political exploiter
referring to the corruption and ignorance of Louis Philippe. I have positioned the king on top of his
throne in the background, eating the taxpayer's dollars that are delivering then into his open mouth.
By using lithograph, it allows myself to leave strong flat white areas, which contrast against the
detailed hatched areas, which draws your eyes to the main protagonist, of King Louise, who is
sitting upon his throne, with working class men delivering taxpayers dollars to his open mouth. Also
by using outlines and darker areas of hatching on the peasant in the foreground and King Louis's
head in the background helps the king stand out. While I place the other citizens who gather around
the king's feet collecting coins and documents in mid–tones, allowing the king to stand out.
Presenter:
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The History of Art Essay
The History of Art
When we think of history we don't often think of art. We don't realize how the history of art can help
us learn more about the people, the cultures, and the belief systems of those who lived hundreds and
thousands of years before us. Art has developed, influenced, and contributed starting from the great
Stone Age to the present day. Art gives an insight into the changes and evolution that man and
culture have gone through to become what is today. Art is culture, art is the essence of the people
who make it and the best way to appreciate art is to look at the history of it and it's evolvement
through time.
The Great Ages consists of four distinct ages: The Old...show more content...
The Great Goddess is the pivotal figure among the tribal people. She is worshiped and prayed to in
hopes that she is fertile and fruitful for, She is the lone creator of all that is. She is female in all
aspects, but yet she has male powers. Many consider the Great Goddess to be an androgyne because
she is self–created, self–fertilizing, and self–existent. She is both male and female. An Androgyne
was thought to have achieved "balance of reason and intuition, of wisdom and compassion"; they
are supreme beings. She is the creator of the universe, of life and of death and special rituals would
be carried out to insure that she would continue to create.
One of the first images of the Great Goddess is represented in Illustration 1–8 (Venus of Willendorf
(Australia), c 28,000–23,000 b.c. Limestone, approx. 4Вј" high. Naturhistorisches museum, Vienna).
She is only 4 inches tall, but a very sacred piece of sculpture. Her body is significantly voluptuous,
representing fertility. She appears to be pregnant and her breasts heavy with milk. She is faceless,
emphasizing that She is everything. She has no particularity, no image, because she is beyond
particularization, she is everything known to man in the universe.
As 10,000 BCE came around so came about the starting of the New Stone Age and the end of the
Old. In the Old Stone Age, the Great Goddess, alone made the universe, but as the New
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Relationship Between Art And History
When finding relations between the subjects we learned in school, there are many connections that
have become commonplace. For example, most people see the correlation between science and math
classes. But when examining the relationship between art and history they discuss how history has
influenced art rather than the influence art has had over history. When examining historical events
such as the First World War, there is no way to ignore the fact that art is always influenced by
history in some way, either on a personal or national level. But in the case of World War Ithe
development of new art forms altered how ideological images could be portrayed to the public.
Images that are fed to the community often influence the outcome of historical events as they can
cause a sense of complacency of inspire revolutionary acts. One of the seemingly more valid
arguments that is presented when discussing this relationship between art and history is that
history is one of the main influencers over art. This can be seen through direct historical references
in works such as () that show symbols of the conflict at hand, relating the piece to the time period
itself. People are also more likely to accept the idea that history influences art because of what
they're taught in school. There are higher level class in the AP and International Baccalaureate realm
that have dedicated their curriculum to the prospects of art history. But in order for the artists
message to be properly
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Art History Study Guide
Periods and their Artists * Chapter 3 Egypt * Old Kingdom (2700–2190 BCE) * Imhotep – Stepped
Pyramid of Djoser * Chapter 5 Ancient Greece * Archaic (600–480 BCE) * Andokides Painter
–Achilles and Ajax * Ergotimos –[and Kleitius] Fracois Vase * Euphronios–Death of Sarpedon *
Exekias –Achilles and Ajax; Suicide of Ajax; Dionysis in a Boat * Polykleitos–Doryphoros *
Classical (480–320 BCE) * Kalikrates –Temple of Athena Nike; [ and Iktinos] Parthenon * Lysippos
–Apoxyomenos * Mnesikles –Propylaia, Erechtheion[Porch of the Maidens] * Myron –Diskobolos *
Phidias –Acropolis; 3 Seated Goddesses E. Ped....show more content...
James Led to Execution; Dead Christ * Masaccio –Tribute Money/ Expulsion in the [and Masolono,
Filippino Lippi] Brancacci Chapel; Trinity with Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors *
Michelozzo –Palazzo Medici Ricardi * Perugino –Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Sistine Chapel *
Pollaiuolo –Hercules and Antaeus; Battle of the Ten Nudes * Robbia, Luca della–Madonna and
Child with Lilies, Orsanmichele * Rosselino –Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, Santa Croce * Signorelli
–Damned Cast into Hell * Uccello –Battle of San Romano * Verrocchio–David; Bartolommeo
Colleoni * Chapter 22 Italy (16th century) * High Renaissance (1500–1550) * Bellini, Giovanni
–San Zaccaria Altarpiece; [and Titian] Feast of the Gods * Bramante–St. Peter's, Rome; Tempieto *
Correggio –Assumption * Da Vinci –Virgin (Madonna) of the Rocks; Virgin and Child with St.
Anne and Infant St. John; Last Supper, Refectory; Mona Lisa * del Sarto, Andrea –Madonna of the
Harpies * Giorgione –Pastoral Symphony; The Tempest * Michelangelo–Pieta/Dome, St. Peter's,
Rome; Bacchus; David; Moses, tomb of Julius II; Bound Slave; Prisoner; Sistine Chapel Ceiling:
Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve, Temptation, Expulsion, Erythraean Sibyl, Prophet Jeremiah, Last
Judgment; Dani Tondo (aka Holy Family); Tomb of
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Feminism and Art History
The history of mankind has often been captured in snapshots between the rise and fall of great
leaders and civilizations, by artists all with a common dream of portraying what they saw during
their times. Ideologies reflective of their societies were depicted through sculptures, frescoes,
pottery, paintings, and many other methods. Many of these principals were created, celebrated,
and popularized by constituents of societies where andocentric values were applied not only to
social and political mores, but also to the various art forms as the male body was cherished and
praised and the female body was hidden away from public view. The book Feminism and Art
History: Questioning the Litany edited by Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrad, strives...show more
content...
Kampen concludes by discussing how the image of women portrayed the idealistic views of
women as caretakers who stayed at home , and works of art supported this by depicting women as
"В…mythological or entertaining, or as an adjunct to the patron's own status; otherwise she
might not appear." (pg. 74) The author believes that the artists were in denial of the experiences
of working women and that's why the views of working women were limited. The visual
portrayals of gender and status in Roman society stand as a bridge linking the work of art and the
work of society together as one. The final chapter that I read was one I found extremely
conflictant and interesting because not only did we touch on some of these topics in class, but
when I visited the Metropolitan Museum I actually had some of the same issues with the works I
saw there. Eve and Mary: Conflicting Images of Medieval Woman by Henry Kraus, was by far one
of the more fascinating chapters and discussed the distorted views of women as vessels that the
Devil could use to entrap a man and cause him to fall from God's grace, during medieval times and
reinforced by the Catholic Church. Monasteries were places that men could go and abstain from
worldly pleasures, proving their dedication to God and refraining from anything that could cause
them to sin either physically, emotionally, and especially spiritually. During the fourteenth century,
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Post Impressionism Art Analysis
The Impression of Post–Impressionism Art
The Impressionism era was a very important movement in the history of art. The artists
under that movement were not very popular since the style was very different. The product of
Impressionism, Post–Impressionism has a more distorted,expressive style because their rules in
terms of content were more free. I will compare and contrast the paintings of this era, Houses at
Auvers by Vincent van Gogh, Goldfish by Henri Matisse, and Mont Sainte Victoire by Paul
CГ©zanne.
The work of art Houses at Auvers by Vincent van Gogh was made after he left the
asylum at Saint RГ©my de Provence. He admitted himself there because he was very sad and
before he arrived he cut off his ear and gave it to a prostitute as a gift. He only resided there for a
short amount of time (the end of 1888–1890) because he became bored. As a result, he moved to
Auvers–sur–Oise, northwest of Paris. There, he painted Houses at Auvers in June of 1890 which
was one of several works of art made before his suicide in the same year.
Houses at Auvers depicts a landscape of early summer in Auvers–sur–Oise. It's medium,
like most paintings in this era, is oil on canvas. In this work of art, viewers can see that the
function is for the visual aesthetic, since Van Gogh was really embracing his surroundings by
how he painted it. He used a lot of different values of color, especially the greens in the trees,
grass, and bushes. Lines and brushstrokes
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Women in Art History Essay
Women in Art History
Gender credo has signified political and cultural values in Greek and Roman era. In particular women
representation in artwork has pondered and reinforced the values of their times. In the articles,
"Parthenon and Parthenoi: A Mythological Interpretation of the Parthenon Frieze" by Joan B.
Connelly and "The Muted Other" by Natalie Boyment Kampen, the Parthenon frieze, the Ara Pacis:
Imperial Family frieze, and Cornelia: Mother of the Gracchi, are pieces depicted to characterize
women in their implemented roles. Taking a look at the Parthenon, 442–438 B.C. Athens, there are
many scenes, which display women in an active purpose of their society. The Parthenon frieze is
said, "to be viewed as a representation of...show more content...
The Ara Pacis Augustae, 13–9 B.C Rome, explains the role of the female conduct in the revival of
Augustus' ideal Roman family. (Kampen 15) "The revival of the family, based in large part on the
regulation of female sexuality, was to be accomplished by religious revival and by laws that
controlled marital conduct and penalized the unmarried and the childless" (16). The emperor of that
era, Augustus, implemented a new social program. The new program was in response to the chaos
of the rapidly changing upper class "morality and condemned aristocratic women who care more
about staying young and entertaining lovers than for bearing and nursing babies" (16). The detail on
the Ara Pacis, Imperial Family frieze, illustrates women with their children beside them. Exemplify
that the piece is a family monument in consequence to Augustus's program that "encompasses the
fertility of the earth, the Romans, and the Imperial family itself" (16). The insinuation that the
Imperial family is present reveals dynastic desire, as well as reminding the populace of its duty of
responsible sexuality. "Thus combines female fertility with female morality" (16). Moving ahead to
the late eighteenth–century, again, demonstrates the idealized relationship between men and women
in the interests of social ideology. "Discussion of women's roles and conduct was in part a reaction
to the perceived license of upper class women and the
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Survey of Art History
Survey of Art History II
Man Ray like many other artists did not care to have his personal life shown in his art. He wanted
to be viewed and recognized for his work which included sculptures, paintings, and photography.
Man Ray was mostly influenced by Stieglitz's photographs. Man Ray used a similar style to
Stieglitz. He captured images that created an unvarnished look at the photos' subject. Man Ray
discovered a new way to create his photos; by accident in his work room he discovered how to
manipulate objects in his photos on pieces of photosensitive paper. In the year 1914, at a seminal
exhibition, Man Ray introduced himself to African art. Man Ray did this at the Alfred Stieglitz 291
Gallery. Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche became an icon for modern photography. Although
this was his most famous and widely known piece, Man Ray's less known work made a greater
impact and influence on African art. Photographs with African art pieces began to flourish greatly
after Man Ray's break through with his Noire et Blanche photograph. These photographs shed light
on many day to day issues such as: issues of race, identity, sex, separatism, and disenfranchisement.
Noire et Blanche shows Kiki –Man Ray's companion– with her eyes closed and her head sideways
on a table in a very relaxed manner. With her left hand, Kiki is holding, an Africanmask known as a
Baule Gba Gba mask. The mask is held straight above the table and right up next to her face. In this
time, it was
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Women In Art History
I decided to do my analysis on why women have been excluded from the art history in the past. In
the past centuries, women were often kept away from the arts because of their gender and they often
faced many challenges. Also, one of the other reasons I think is that they usually had to take care of
their household and children and didn't really get the chance to pursue a career. They often didn't get
the opportunity to pursue an education. Although there were female artists in the past, they never
really got recognition for their work and they had a hard time selling their artwork. Also, women
probably either had to choose between their career or marriage. In that time period, women often had
a lot of pressure from the society. Women during
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The History of Art
The uniqueness of Japanese art, especially in terms of Chinese art, depends on the historical era.
As Lee (1962) points out, "There are periods in Japanese art where the artist is either copying, or is
heavily influenced by, Chinese art. At such times it can be said that Japanese art is a strong
reflection of Chinese art," (p. 3). At other times, though, small differences between the arts of China
and Japan are "magnified to such an extent that they become fully developed and original styles,"
(Lee, 1962, p. 3). With regards to modern art, Japan is far more the influencer of Chinese art than
vice–versa, as Fogel (2012) points out.
Therefore, it is impossible to make a blanket statement about the relative uniqueness of Japanese
art. Certainly there are periods in which Japanese art is so heavily influenced by Chinese art that
it could even be lumped together in a similar category. Museum curators dealing with large
amounts of inventory from classical Chinese and Japanese art frequently do classify East Asian art
together as if the differences between Chinese and Japanese art are too negligible to be of any
serious importance. For example, the Saint Louis Art Museum (2008) compiles all its art of China
and Japan, also including the arts of Korea. This is because the curated collection is a reflection of a
specific historical epoch: that of the spread of Buddhism throughout East Asia. "Buddhist monks
traveling between China, Korea, and Japan carried religious and artistic
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Art And Feminist Art History
Art history is the study of all forms of art throughout history and the ways in which it has evolved.
Art historians specialize in a variety of different eras, methods, contents, and styles. Most art
historians analyze, dissect, and attempt to learn more about art, artists, and the subjects and trends
that have occurred in art since its conception. Analyzing art can be done in a number of ways, from
how it was created, to when it was produced, down to the subject matter of the art. An assortment of
methodologies for analyzing art have been established to more easily identify and study art. Some of
these methodologies are well named, concisely describing the function of that method. Artist
biography focuses on the life of the artist and events that may have affected their art. Feminist art
history is the study of artworks through a feminist lens, emphasizing the struggle of women and their
traditionally gendered and sexualized portrayals in art. Social art history concentrates on the
structure of society and events at the time the artwork was created. Gay and lesbian art history
highlights the eroticism and homosexuality that certain artists made present in their artwork, but not
necessarily in their everyday life. Other methodologies are more difficult to interpret. Formalism is
the study of the basic forms, colors, and positions of the subject matter of the art. Postcolonialism
focuses on the way artists portray native peoples in colonized lands. Psychoanalysis uses a
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History of Art Reflection Essay
When I lived in the times of the Ancient Egyptians, my uncle was an artist. The images we produce
are created to help the soul stay alive through that image. It is believed that a person's soul could
live on into the afterlife through that image. Furthermore, graphics are added to the art in order to
ensure that the soul is prepared for the afterlife. Pictures and models found in our tombs are
connected with the idea of providing the soul with helpmates in the other world. The artwork that
exists here helps us to transcend the boundaries of life and death. When I look at the artwork I feel
safe knowing that in the next life, my ruler and king will be there to guide me. This idea also helps
me to not fear death as much because I will...show more content...
My master has recently learned one of the new techniques that stains glass windows using oxides
to dye the glass. The glass is cut into shapes and fits into lead supports. I've heard of other masters
using silver nitrate as a stain which makes the glass look yellow. In our paintings, we use plain
backgrounds. I don't need to worry about how accurate my shapes and positions are. My master
told me that what's important is to help the viewer understand the scene and story. The only part
of the painting where shapes and positions are important is with the people in the center because
they're the most important. Our society sees my master as any other craftsman who works with
his hands, but I don't mind that. When I lived in China, I had a neighbor who was a famous artist
and created art for the Emperor himself. Our art mostly tells moralistic stories, which helps me
meditate because they help me focus on leading a better life. Other times, I like to look at art to
get inspiration since it contains famous people who've done great deeds. Finally, I experience art
when I go into our temples. There are many paintings of Lohan inside because they help protect us
from evil when we are inside the temple. Lohan makes me feel comforted because I know I am safe
when I'm near. I feel inspired when I am around the artwork that depicts famous people and
moralistic stories
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Art History : Art Criticism
Jenessa Asch
Professor Caratzola
Art History 202
Term Paper Draft
Art History is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. The
history of art, we feel, can sometimes be confused with art criticism. However, Art History is
concerned with finding the value of the artistic piece in respect with others in the same category
of art or movement, and art criticism is more of an evaluation of art. The art examined best
represents the culture during the time period, visions the artist imagined, and history behind an
event. It also represents society in a specific area, beliefs the people may have, writing that tells a
story, the natural world and environment, conflict between people and areas, and the human body.
With these representations, artwork overall represents the life in which we live (d). Each piece
has its own genre, design, format and style to it. This makes each piece extremely different, yet
pleasing to the eye. They also vary between paintings, sculptures and architecture. These different
types also make a variety of artwork to be seen by all people. The art pieces that I chose, Jar, Bottle
and Glass by Juan Gris, The Persistence of Memory by Salvador DalГ, and Starry Night by Vincent
Van Gogh, seemed interesting to me and I believe to best represent the context in which they were
created, along with the major artistic movements of the time. I went on to research them more
thoroughly to better understand the history behind them,
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Art History Essays

  • 1. Essay on Cultures Influences on Art Cultures Influences on Art With changes in culture, come changes in art. Throughout history, artworks have been produced as an imitation of the culture and society in which they were created. The cultural frame examines the meaning of artworks in relation to the social perspective of the community from which it grows. A reflection can be seen in Manet's realist artwork of Olympia, and similarly, Umberto Boccioni's Unique forms of Continuity and Space reflects different beliefs and conventions merely as a result of societal changes. Pop Art works such a Andy Warhol's Marilyn x 100 and Post – modern works, such...show more content... These particular artists chose to focus their interests on worldly, real, raw and pure subjects. They wished to create simple art, painting exactly what they saw and how they saw it. Among these artists was Edouard Manet. Manet was known as a rebel for his time most likely because of his rebellion against Classic and Romantic traditions and his confronting and stirring painting of Olympia. Manet takes Titian's Venus of Urbino as his model, yet instead of following accepted French art practices of depicting historical, biblical or mythical themes, he paints a woman of his time. The subject is a real female courtesan lying nude on a bed in a provocative position, with one hand covering her genitalia. He paints in his own manner of quick, rough, visible brushstrokes and replaces deep perspective with two flat frames. Olympia was a very confronting artwork to society as although many middle and upper class gentlemen of the time were frequent customers of courtesans and prostitutes, but being confronted by one on a canvas in a gallery was something different. Manet has broken away from traditional practices of art in the 1860s, and created a unique realist artwork depicting a common scene. Dramatic events such as the Industrial Revolution, World Wars, and changes in the social world, influenced new ideas and technology which revolutionized the way artworks Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Essay on Art History In the early 1700s, the monarchies failures at finance, national debt, involvement in multiple wars with little care given to veterans and rising unemployment inflamed the people. When coupled with the monarchies lifestyles of lavish spending on countless mistresses, flouting morals, excessive parties at court, and political favors, the popularity of royalty was quickly disintegrating. The irresponsibility of the aristocracy was no longer ignored, and a movement was beginning. This set the stage for political change. Writers such as Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and John Locke (1632–1704) of England experienced these changes and began exploring the ideals of republicanism and liberalism through their writing. Thus,...show more content... It did not take long for the ideas to spread through Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the American Colonies. The American Revolution began in 1775, and Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense in January of 1776. Voltaire who had written thousands of letters, books, and pamphlets finished his "Dictionnaire Philosophique in 1764, and the French Revolution began in 1789. As these social, political, and moral views changed, so too did the style the arts used to communicate life. It was during this Age of Enlightenment that the Neoclassical era in art history began by reflecting these changing views using a style much less ornate and gilded than the Baroque and Rococo styles that had previously dominated artistic endeavors. Strict adherence to simple classical style with an aim to technical perfection was favored and borrowed heavily from Greek and Roman pieces discovered earlier in the 1700s. Art was approached with the same logic and reason of the age and with much less emotion and drama than Baroque or Rococo. The subject matter was often dark and serious, morally and ethically upright, or heroic. Where the aristocracy had valued drama, emotion, and grandeur, the people now valued self–denial and self–sacrifice over self–indulgence. The colors were often dark or solemn and made use of chiaroscuro, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Essay on Art Criticism and Art History Art criticism and Art History Case Study: The use of assemblage and the found object in historical and contemporary art practice. The origins of the practice of assemblage can be traced back to its early twentieth century roots based on ideas presented by Dadaists. The Dada movement was a literary and artistic movement during the First World War and further developed as a non –art movement. The main idea of Dada was to not follow a uniform rule of what an artwork entails in order to be valued. This movement was significant in the development and history of art as it challenged society with new ideas therefore provoking change in our perspective of what can be classified as aesthetically pleasing and all the possibilities of what art...show more content... Duchamp's works are both seen as postmodern as they use postmodern conventions such as appropriation and parody (as seen in L.H.O.O.Q) and recontextualisation in 'Fountain' (above). *********** The re–emergence of the found object in pop art was significant in the development of the history of art as it reinforced previous ideas presented by the Dada artists of aesthetics and of what society will accept as an artistic work. The re–emergence of the found object in pop art looked at artworks using contemporary theories and knowledge that were established in the 1980s to challenge traditional and modernist ideas, which was exactly the aim of the Dadaists. It is due to the challenging of contemporary perceptions of art in which the found object would be considered a postmodern practice in its time. Found art (also known as Ready–mades) is a description of art created by modified and undisguised objects that are not considered art for the main reason of their non–art function. The art created by these found objects convey meaning through their context, assemblage/composition and by the artists intention and approaches taken to montage pieces together. The use of assemblage and the found object in Pop Art practice became an artistic trend and is exemplified by Robert Rauschenberg where he combines installations with the assemblage of large physical objects and commercial photography to form 'Combine' in 1963. Rauschenberg Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Art History Essay ART __–history, __–theory, __–world (Accounting for modern art with Dickie, Danto, and Weitz) Up until the twentieth century art theorists had consistently sought for a definition of art–a definition that would determine a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be called art. But artists in the 20th century did not want to be defined, and they deliberately tried to create artworks that would not fit under some theorist's umbrella. We saw the Beatniks with their free verse; we saw the pop art of Andy Warhol; we saw the rise of abstractionist and surrealist painters; we saw "happenings", and we saw "ready–made" art, all of which combined to make the finding of a definition of art almost...show more content... If you try to think of a necessary condition for a game to be a game, there will always be some game that refutes the condition, or some game that we could invent that would not fit that condition, but could fit many others. The question of whether something is or is not art does not require us to see if all its properties fit into some specific set of necessary and sufficient conditions; rather, it requires us to ask whether or not we will make a decision to "enlarge the set of conditions for applying the concept (Weitz, 188)." For both games and art there are no essential properties, there are only "family resemblances", or relational similarities that allow us to recognize whether a thing is close enough to be considered "art" or "a game". Weitz offers a great summation of his argument concerning the "openness" of the concept of art: "What I am arguing, then, is that the very expansive, adventurous character of art, its ever–present changes and novel creations, makes it logically impossible to ensure any set of defining properties. We can, of course, choose to close the concept. But to do this with "art" or "tragedy" or "portraiture," etc., is ludicrous since it forecloses on the very conditions of creativity in the arts (189)." So, Weitz's Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Advanced Placement Art History Essay Advanced Placement Art History is an Advanced Placement Art History course and exam offered by College Board. AP Art History is designed to allow students to examine major forms of artistic expression relevant to a variety of cultures evident in wide variety of periods from present times into the past. Students acquire an ability to examine works of art critically, with intelligence and sensitivity, and to articulate their thoughts and experiences. The main topic is European Art, with focuses on African, Hindu, South and East Asian, and Islamic Art. Pre–Historic art has been removed from the curriculum. Starting in the 2015–2016 school year, College Board has introduced a new curriculum and exam for students to apply art historical skills...show more content... The multiple choice section includes 115 questions that must be answered in 60 minutes. In Part A, students have 20 minutes to answer five sets of questions based on color images. In Part B, there are 85 questions that must be answered in 40 minutes, some of which do not pertain to any specific image, and involve the basic recalling of facts. Other questions, refer to black and white images within the test booklet. The free–response section includes two 30–minute essay questions and six 10–minute essay questions . In Part A, Students must respond to the prompts, citing two examples of works of art that reflect the prompt's theme. In Part B, each short essay question is based on a work of art and / or quotation from a primary source / document. For quotation–based questions, students must select an appropriate work of art to analyze. Scoring The multiple choice section of the exam is worth 40% of a student's score. The free–response is worth 60%. Each correctly answered multiple choice question is worth one point. As of 2011, wrong and omitted questions do not affect the raw score. For the free–response section, the six short answers are worth 35% of the total grade, and each is graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Finally, the two long essays are each graded on a scale of 0 to 9, totaling 25% of the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. The History of Art Essay The History of Art Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans. Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentation after the successful hunt. It appears that art from the earliest history into the Renaissance focuses around religious ceremonies of some type. Plato believed art to be a form of communication on a metaphysical level. The modern western view ...show more content... Without the scientific knowledge of later generations, it is assumed that these figures were representations to invoke fertility. Mesopotamia art was centered in what are now Iran and Iraq. The developing cultures (Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians, etc) in the area, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which is sometimes called the "Cradle of Civilization" or the "Fertile Crescent", are credited with the invention of cuneiform writing which is shown to us in the Stele (law code) of Hamarabi. Within these cultures, rulers often conferred with the religious leaders and religion was an important part of their society. The unique character of Sumerian art is exemplified by a group of votive statues from the Abu Temple, at Tell Asmar. The identities of these statues are unclear. However, it is an educated theory that they served Abu, God of vegetation, and they represent priests, and worshipers. There is no indication that these figures were intended to represent a naturalistic scheme. It is important to note that the symbolization is that of the human form and representative of some form of authoritarian hierarchy. Tracking the human form and its relationship to art, history, and culture as the human figure evolves through the centuries as artists perfect their Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Essay on Art History The exhibition Degas: Form, Movement and the Antique at the Tampa Museum of art consist of 47 pieces from the French impressionist's Edgar Degas life. The exhibition focuses on Degas fascination with motion, and shape and his influences from Greek and Roman art. It consists of oil paintings, charcoal and pastel drawings, and bronze replicas of his works. Most of the pieces are inspired by horses, ballerinas and everyday women. He traditionally used line, color and texture in his paintings to convey the poise and grace of the figures. He also used asymmetry, imbalance and dramatic angles to give the dancers a more naturalistic feeling. In his sculptures he typically used shape and space to simulate movement, and used form to capture the...show more content... In Rearing Horse he uses a dramatic poses to express the dynamic movement of the horse and to capture the horse's wild and unrestrained nature. In this piece I believe Degas was trying to express a sense of freedom and impulsiveness. In Thoroughbred Horse Walking the statue has an incomplete and spontaneous feeling to it that is almost like a quick drawing. It feels as though Degas is trying to communicate a feeling of defeat and resignation with this piece. In Horse with Jockey Degas is trying to show the connection between a horse and its rider, it is meant to show how they both move as one during a race and the relationship between man and nature. Both Dancer Looking at the Sole of Her Right Foot and Dancer Holding Her Right Foot in Her Right Hand are statues of Ballerinas balancing on one leg, cast in bronze. In these pieces Degas manages to capture the poised nature of the dancer's movements. The pieces themselves have a rough and unfinished quality to them like a sketch or gesture drawing. These pieces show Degas love for sculpting bodies in motion, and by looking at these pieces it was easy for me to see why Degas found dancers such an enchanting subject; he saw even their smallest gestures inspiring and translated that beauty into sculptures that express their rhythm and movement perfectly. In the statues Spanish Dancer and Grande Arabesque demonstrates Degas's ability to convey dancelike rhythm and motion in his Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Art History Essay Presenter: Welcome. Welcome, to the national radio, bringing you the latest news, and updates. Today we have a special guest speaker, all the way from France... I am happy to present Mr. Daumier, the famous 19th century painter. Daumier: Bonum mane, hello... It's a pleasure to be here. Presenter: Today our fans want to ask you a few questions about some of your paintings and the media you have used. Daumier: Well of course. Daumier picks up his water and takes a small sip. Presenter: The first painting our viewers are interested in, is your print Gargantua. Daumier clears his throat. Daumier: Ah yes, one of my finest caricatures. Presenter: So, Mr. Daumier you are known as the Michelangelo of Caricatures, why is...show more content... At this time Charles X was dethroned because of attacks on freedom of press. The revolution then brought to power King Louis Philippe who took a direct political role in the revolution, to my surprise... Presenter: Excuse me Mr. Daumier. You were in France during the time of the revolution, weren't you? Daumier: Yes I was, and what I saw really moved me, causing me to take the job of being a political cartoonist. However even with the new king, Louis Philippe, the government's creeping aggression on the freedom of the press influenced my caricatures, particularly after the conquest of Democrat uprisings in 1834. In Gargantua I portray the king as a greedy political exploiter referring to the corruption and ignorance of Louis Philippe. I have positioned the king on top of his throne in the background, eating the taxpayer's dollars that are delivering then into his open mouth. By using lithograph, it allows myself to leave strong flat white areas, which contrast against the detailed hatched areas, which draws your eyes to the main protagonist, of King Louise, who is sitting upon his throne, with working class men delivering taxpayers dollars to his open mouth. Also by using outlines and darker areas of hatching on the peasant in the foreground and King Louis's head in the background helps the king stand out. While I place the other citizens who gather around the king's feet collecting coins and documents in mid–tones, allowing the king to stand out. Presenter: Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. The History of Art Essay The History of Art When we think of history we don't often think of art. We don't realize how the history of art can help us learn more about the people, the cultures, and the belief systems of those who lived hundreds and thousands of years before us. Art has developed, influenced, and contributed starting from the great Stone Age to the present day. Art gives an insight into the changes and evolution that man and culture have gone through to become what is today. Art is culture, art is the essence of the people who make it and the best way to appreciate art is to look at the history of it and it's evolvement through time. The Great Ages consists of four distinct ages: The Old...show more content... The Great Goddess is the pivotal figure among the tribal people. She is worshiped and prayed to in hopes that she is fertile and fruitful for, She is the lone creator of all that is. She is female in all aspects, but yet she has male powers. Many consider the Great Goddess to be an androgyne because she is self–created, self–fertilizing, and self–existent. She is both male and female. An Androgyne was thought to have achieved "balance of reason and intuition, of wisdom and compassion"; they are supreme beings. She is the creator of the universe, of life and of death and special rituals would be carried out to insure that she would continue to create. One of the first images of the Great Goddess is represented in Illustration 1–8 (Venus of Willendorf (Australia), c 28,000–23,000 b.c. Limestone, approx. 4Вј" high. Naturhistorisches museum, Vienna). She is only 4 inches tall, but a very sacred piece of sculpture. Her body is significantly voluptuous, representing fertility. She appears to be pregnant and her breasts heavy with milk. She is faceless, emphasizing that She is everything. She has no particularity, no image, because she is beyond particularization, she is everything known to man in the universe. As 10,000 BCE came around so came about the starting of the New Stone Age and the end of the Old. In the Old Stone Age, the Great Goddess, alone made the universe, but as the New Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Relationship Between Art And History When finding relations between the subjects we learned in school, there are many connections that have become commonplace. For example, most people see the correlation between science and math classes. But when examining the relationship between art and history they discuss how history has influenced art rather than the influence art has had over history. When examining historical events such as the First World War, there is no way to ignore the fact that art is always influenced by history in some way, either on a personal or national level. But in the case of World War Ithe development of new art forms altered how ideological images could be portrayed to the public. Images that are fed to the community often influence the outcome of historical events as they can cause a sense of complacency of inspire revolutionary acts. One of the seemingly more valid arguments that is presented when discussing this relationship between art and history is that history is one of the main influencers over art. This can be seen through direct historical references in works such as () that show symbols of the conflict at hand, relating the piece to the time period itself. People are also more likely to accept the idea that history influences art because of what they're taught in school. There are higher level class in the AP and International Baccalaureate realm that have dedicated their curriculum to the prospects of art history. But in order for the artists message to be properly Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Art History Study Guide Periods and their Artists * Chapter 3 Egypt * Old Kingdom (2700–2190 BCE) * Imhotep – Stepped Pyramid of Djoser * Chapter 5 Ancient Greece * Archaic (600–480 BCE) * Andokides Painter –Achilles and Ajax * Ergotimos –[and Kleitius] Fracois Vase * Euphronios–Death of Sarpedon * Exekias –Achilles and Ajax; Suicide of Ajax; Dionysis in a Boat * Polykleitos–Doryphoros * Classical (480–320 BCE) * Kalikrates –Temple of Athena Nike; [ and Iktinos] Parthenon * Lysippos –Apoxyomenos * Mnesikles –Propylaia, Erechtheion[Porch of the Maidens] * Myron –Diskobolos * Phidias –Acropolis; 3 Seated Goddesses E. Ped....show more content... James Led to Execution; Dead Christ * Masaccio –Tribute Money/ Expulsion in the [and Masolono, Filippino Lippi] Brancacci Chapel; Trinity with Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors * Michelozzo –Palazzo Medici Ricardi * Perugino –Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Sistine Chapel * Pollaiuolo –Hercules and Antaeus; Battle of the Ten Nudes * Robbia, Luca della–Madonna and Child with Lilies, Orsanmichele * Rosselino –Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, Santa Croce * Signorelli –Damned Cast into Hell * Uccello –Battle of San Romano * Verrocchio–David; Bartolommeo Colleoni * Chapter 22 Italy (16th century) * High Renaissance (1500–1550) * Bellini, Giovanni –San Zaccaria Altarpiece; [and Titian] Feast of the Gods * Bramante–St. Peter's, Rome; Tempieto * Correggio –Assumption * Da Vinci –Virgin (Madonna) of the Rocks; Virgin and Child with St. Anne and Infant St. John; Last Supper, Refectory; Mona Lisa * del Sarto, Andrea –Madonna of the Harpies * Giorgione –Pastoral Symphony; The Tempest * Michelangelo–Pieta/Dome, St. Peter's, Rome; Bacchus; David; Moses, tomb of Julius II; Bound Slave; Prisoner; Sistine Chapel Ceiling: Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve, Temptation, Expulsion, Erythraean Sibyl, Prophet Jeremiah, Last Judgment; Dani Tondo (aka Holy Family); Tomb of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Feminism and Art History The history of mankind has often been captured in snapshots between the rise and fall of great leaders and civilizations, by artists all with a common dream of portraying what they saw during their times. Ideologies reflective of their societies were depicted through sculptures, frescoes, pottery, paintings, and many other methods. Many of these principals were created, celebrated, and popularized by constituents of societies where andocentric values were applied not only to social and political mores, but also to the various art forms as the male body was cherished and praised and the female body was hidden away from public view. The book Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany edited by Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrad, strives...show more content... Kampen concludes by discussing how the image of women portrayed the idealistic views of women as caretakers who stayed at home , and works of art supported this by depicting women as "В…mythological or entertaining, or as an adjunct to the patron's own status; otherwise she might not appear." (pg. 74) The author believes that the artists were in denial of the experiences of working women and that's why the views of working women were limited. The visual portrayals of gender and status in Roman society stand as a bridge linking the work of art and the work of society together as one. The final chapter that I read was one I found extremely conflictant and interesting because not only did we touch on some of these topics in class, but when I visited the Metropolitan Museum I actually had some of the same issues with the works I saw there. Eve and Mary: Conflicting Images of Medieval Woman by Henry Kraus, was by far one of the more fascinating chapters and discussed the distorted views of women as vessels that the Devil could use to entrap a man and cause him to fall from God's grace, during medieval times and reinforced by the Catholic Church. Monasteries were places that men could go and abstain from worldly pleasures, proving their dedication to God and refraining from anything that could cause them to sin either physically, emotionally, and especially spiritually. During the fourteenth century, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Post Impressionism Art Analysis The Impression of Post–Impressionism Art The Impressionism era was a very important movement in the history of art. The artists under that movement were not very popular since the style was very different. The product of Impressionism, Post–Impressionism has a more distorted,expressive style because their rules in terms of content were more free. I will compare and contrast the paintings of this era, Houses at Auvers by Vincent van Gogh, Goldfish by Henri Matisse, and Mont Sainte Victoire by Paul CГ©zanne. The work of art Houses at Auvers by Vincent van Gogh was made after he left the asylum at Saint RГ©my de Provence. He admitted himself there because he was very sad and before he arrived he cut off his ear and gave it to a prostitute as a gift. He only resided there for a short amount of time (the end of 1888–1890) because he became bored. As a result, he moved to Auvers–sur–Oise, northwest of Paris. There, he painted Houses at Auvers in June of 1890 which was one of several works of art made before his suicide in the same year. Houses at Auvers depicts a landscape of early summer in Auvers–sur–Oise. It's medium, like most paintings in this era, is oil on canvas. In this work of art, viewers can see that the function is for the visual aesthetic, since Van Gogh was really embracing his surroundings by how he painted it. He used a lot of different values of color, especially the greens in the trees, grass, and bushes. Lines and brushstrokes Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Women in Art History Essay Women in Art History Gender credo has signified political and cultural values in Greek and Roman era. In particular women representation in artwork has pondered and reinforced the values of their times. In the articles, "Parthenon and Parthenoi: A Mythological Interpretation of the Parthenon Frieze" by Joan B. Connelly and "The Muted Other" by Natalie Boyment Kampen, the Parthenon frieze, the Ara Pacis: Imperial Family frieze, and Cornelia: Mother of the Gracchi, are pieces depicted to characterize women in their implemented roles. Taking a look at the Parthenon, 442–438 B.C. Athens, there are many scenes, which display women in an active purpose of their society. The Parthenon frieze is said, "to be viewed as a representation of...show more content... The Ara Pacis Augustae, 13–9 B.C Rome, explains the role of the female conduct in the revival of Augustus' ideal Roman family. (Kampen 15) "The revival of the family, based in large part on the regulation of female sexuality, was to be accomplished by religious revival and by laws that controlled marital conduct and penalized the unmarried and the childless" (16). The emperor of that era, Augustus, implemented a new social program. The new program was in response to the chaos of the rapidly changing upper class "morality and condemned aristocratic women who care more about staying young and entertaining lovers than for bearing and nursing babies" (16). The detail on the Ara Pacis, Imperial Family frieze, illustrates women with their children beside them. Exemplify that the piece is a family monument in consequence to Augustus's program that "encompasses the fertility of the earth, the Romans, and the Imperial family itself" (16). The insinuation that the Imperial family is present reveals dynastic desire, as well as reminding the populace of its duty of responsible sexuality. "Thus combines female fertility with female morality" (16). Moving ahead to the late eighteenth–century, again, demonstrates the idealized relationship between men and women in the interests of social ideology. "Discussion of women's roles and conduct was in part a reaction to the perceived license of upper class women and the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Survey of Art History Survey of Art History II Man Ray like many other artists did not care to have his personal life shown in his art. He wanted to be viewed and recognized for his work which included sculptures, paintings, and photography. Man Ray was mostly influenced by Stieglitz's photographs. Man Ray used a similar style to Stieglitz. He captured images that created an unvarnished look at the photos' subject. Man Ray discovered a new way to create his photos; by accident in his work room he discovered how to manipulate objects in his photos on pieces of photosensitive paper. In the year 1914, at a seminal exhibition, Man Ray introduced himself to African art. Man Ray did this at the Alfred Stieglitz 291 Gallery. Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche became an icon for modern photography. Although this was his most famous and widely known piece, Man Ray's less known work made a greater impact and influence on African art. Photographs with African art pieces began to flourish greatly after Man Ray's break through with his Noire et Blanche photograph. These photographs shed light on many day to day issues such as: issues of race, identity, sex, separatism, and disenfranchisement. Noire et Blanche shows Kiki –Man Ray's companion– with her eyes closed and her head sideways on a table in a very relaxed manner. With her left hand, Kiki is holding, an Africanmask known as a Baule Gba Gba mask. The mask is held straight above the table and right up next to her face. In this time, it was Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Women In Art History I decided to do my analysis on why women have been excluded from the art history in the past. In the past centuries, women were often kept away from the arts because of their gender and they often faced many challenges. Also, one of the other reasons I think is that they usually had to take care of their household and children and didn't really get the chance to pursue a career. They often didn't get the opportunity to pursue an education. Although there were female artists in the past, they never really got recognition for their work and they had a hard time selling their artwork. Also, women probably either had to choose between their career or marriage. In that time period, women often had a lot of pressure from the society. Women during Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. The History of Art The uniqueness of Japanese art, especially in terms of Chinese art, depends on the historical era. As Lee (1962) points out, "There are periods in Japanese art where the artist is either copying, or is heavily influenced by, Chinese art. At such times it can be said that Japanese art is a strong reflection of Chinese art," (p. 3). At other times, though, small differences between the arts of China and Japan are "magnified to such an extent that they become fully developed and original styles," (Lee, 1962, p. 3). With regards to modern art, Japan is far more the influencer of Chinese art than vice–versa, as Fogel (2012) points out. Therefore, it is impossible to make a blanket statement about the relative uniqueness of Japanese art. Certainly there are periods in which Japanese art is so heavily influenced by Chinese art that it could even be lumped together in a similar category. Museum curators dealing with large amounts of inventory from classical Chinese and Japanese art frequently do classify East Asian art together as if the differences between Chinese and Japanese art are too negligible to be of any serious importance. For example, the Saint Louis Art Museum (2008) compiles all its art of China and Japan, also including the arts of Korea. This is because the curated collection is a reflection of a specific historical epoch: that of the spread of Buddhism throughout East Asia. "Buddhist monks traveling between China, Korea, and Japan carried religious and artistic Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Art And Feminist Art History Art history is the study of all forms of art throughout history and the ways in which it has evolved. Art historians specialize in a variety of different eras, methods, contents, and styles. Most art historians analyze, dissect, and attempt to learn more about art, artists, and the subjects and trends that have occurred in art since its conception. Analyzing art can be done in a number of ways, from how it was created, to when it was produced, down to the subject matter of the art. An assortment of methodologies for analyzing art have been established to more easily identify and study art. Some of these methodologies are well named, concisely describing the function of that method. Artist biography focuses on the life of the artist and events that may have affected their art. Feminist art history is the study of artworks through a feminist lens, emphasizing the struggle of women and their traditionally gendered and sexualized portrayals in art. Social art history concentrates on the structure of society and events at the time the artwork was created. Gay and lesbian art history highlights the eroticism and homosexuality that certain artists made present in their artwork, but not necessarily in their everyday life. Other methodologies are more difficult to interpret. Formalism is the study of the basic forms, colors, and positions of the subject matter of the art. Postcolonialism focuses on the way artists portray native peoples in colonized lands. Psychoanalysis uses a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. History of Art Reflection Essay When I lived in the times of the Ancient Egyptians, my uncle was an artist. The images we produce are created to help the soul stay alive through that image. It is believed that a person's soul could live on into the afterlife through that image. Furthermore, graphics are added to the art in order to ensure that the soul is prepared for the afterlife. Pictures and models found in our tombs are connected with the idea of providing the soul with helpmates in the other world. The artwork that exists here helps us to transcend the boundaries of life and death. When I look at the artwork I feel safe knowing that in the next life, my ruler and king will be there to guide me. This idea also helps me to not fear death as much because I will...show more content... My master has recently learned one of the new techniques that stains glass windows using oxides to dye the glass. The glass is cut into shapes and fits into lead supports. I've heard of other masters using silver nitrate as a stain which makes the glass look yellow. In our paintings, we use plain backgrounds. I don't need to worry about how accurate my shapes and positions are. My master told me that what's important is to help the viewer understand the scene and story. The only part of the painting where shapes and positions are important is with the people in the center because they're the most important. Our society sees my master as any other craftsman who works with his hands, but I don't mind that. When I lived in China, I had a neighbor who was a famous artist and created art for the Emperor himself. Our art mostly tells moralistic stories, which helps me meditate because they help me focus on leading a better life. Other times, I like to look at art to get inspiration since it contains famous people who've done great deeds. Finally, I experience art when I go into our temples. There are many paintings of Lohan inside because they help protect us from evil when we are inside the temple. Lohan makes me feel comforted because I know I am safe when I'm near. I feel inspired when I am around the artwork that depicts famous people and moralistic stories Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Art History : Art Criticism Jenessa Asch Professor Caratzola Art History 202 Term Paper Draft Art History is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. The history of art, we feel, can sometimes be confused with art criticism. However, Art History is concerned with finding the value of the artistic piece in respect with others in the same category of art or movement, and art criticism is more of an evaluation of art. The art examined best represents the culture during the time period, visions the artist imagined, and history behind an event. It also represents society in a specific area, beliefs the people may have, writing that tells a story, the natural world and environment, conflict between people and areas, and the human body. With these representations, artwork overall represents the life in which we live (d). Each piece has its own genre, design, format and style to it. This makes each piece extremely different, yet pleasing to the eye. They also vary between paintings, sculptures and architecture. These different types also make a variety of artwork to be seen by all people. The art pieces that I chose, Jar, Bottle and Glass by Juan Gris, The Persistence of Memory by Salvador DalГ, and Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh, seemed interesting to me and I believe to best represent the context in which they were created, along with the major artistic movements of the time. I went on to research them more thoroughly to better understand the history behind them, Get more content on HelpWriting.net