1. *Property of STI I0050
PROGRAMMING
FUNDAMENTALS
Flowchart
Algorithm
Programming Cycle
Pseudocode
Software Development Life Cycle
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*Property of STI I0050
A methodology used to develop, maintain, and
replace information systems
Improves the quality of the software design and
development process
Importance of SDLC
To create good systems design
A guide in systems development
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*Property of STI I0050
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
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*Property of STI I0050
Initial stage in the SDLC
Includes the information about the requirements
for the proposed software
Known as the feasibility study phase
“In the first phase of the SDLC,
the organization’s total information
system needs are identified, analyzed,
prioritized, and arranged.”
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2. *Property of STI I0050
Requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current
procedures or software used
The main goal is to identify the requirements
“This phase studies the current system
and produces proposed alternatives or replacements.”
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The developer translates into actual design or
specifications of the software
Development of the software: covering the input
and output screens to reports, databases, and
computer process
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*Property of STI I0050
Coding
Creation of the actual program
Testing
Performs quality testing
Installation
Slowly or completely replaces the old software
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To remove found errors
Software is systematically repaired and improved
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3. *Property of STI I0050
Suggests that prior to proceeding to next phase, the current
phase should be finished first
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Allows overlap between phases
Allows phases to repeat, if necessary
MAINTENANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
PLANNING
PLANNING
ANALYZE
DESIGN
IMPLEMENT
MAINTAIN SYSTEM
ANALYZE
DESIGN
IMPLEMENT
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*Property of STI I0050
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*Property of STI I0050
A step-by-step problem-solving procedure
Finite sequence of steps
A specific set of well-defined, simple
mathematical and logical procedures
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4. *Property of STI I0050
Guide to a good Algorithm
1. Specify each step or instruction exactly
2. There must be a finite number of steps
3. There must be an output
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*Property of STI I0050
Generic way of describing an algorithm
Models and resembles real programming code
while not at end of list
compare adjacent elements
if second is greater than first
switch them
get next two elements
if elements were switched
repeat for entire list
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*Property of STI I0050
A chart that contains symbols describing how the
program performs
A graphic map of the path of control or data
Uses symbols such as squares, diamonds, and ovals to
represent various operations
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*Property of STI I0050
Terminal block
Process block
Input/output block
Decision block
Initialization block
Connector
Flow Lines
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5. *Property of STI I0050
Indicated by straight lines with arrows
Arrowhead is sometimes not shown
Used to connect blocks
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*Property of STI I0050
Ovals or rounded rectangles used to indicate the start and
the end
START
END
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The hexagon used for declaring / initializing variables
Declaration
Initialization
X = 10
Y = 25
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*Property of STI I0050
The rectangle indicates a processing block
One entrance and one exit
X = Y + Z
A = 18
B = A - 2
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6. *Property of STI I0050
The parallelogram indicates input to and output operations
One entrance and only one exit
Get X Display X
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*Property of STI I0050
The diamond indicates a decision
One entrance and exactly two exits from the block
Action when
TRUE
Condition
Action when
FALSE
FT
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*Property of STI I0050
The circle is used as a connection point between two
sections not adjacent or closely located to each other
Enhance readability
A
A
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*Property of STI I0050
Create a flowchart that displays your age five years from
now assuming that your present age is 18.
Stop
Display Age
Age = Age + 5
Age = 18
Start
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7. *Property of STI I0050
Create a flowchart that will increase the value of x by 5 if x is
less than 10 then, display the result; otherwise no action shall
be done
Start
x = 0
x < 10?
x = x + 5
Display x
Stop
Get x
Yes No
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