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Application layer
1.
AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr
2.
This graphic is
taken from The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics.
3.
SSooffttwwaarree PPrrooggrraammss
tthhaatt tteellll tthhee hhaarrddwwaarree ooff aa ccoommppuutteerr hhooww ttoo ppeerrffoorrmm ttaasskkss SSooffttwwaarree ccaann bbee ddiivviiddeedd iinnttoo ttwwoo ggeenneerraall ccllaasssseess:: ssyysstteemmss ssooffttwwaarree aanndd aapppplliiccaattiioonnss ssooffttwwaarree..
4.
SSyysstteemm ssooffttwwaarree
SSyysstteemmss ssooffttwwaarree ccoonnssiissttss ooff pprrooggrraammss tthhaatt iinntteerraacctt wwiitthh tthhee ccoommppuutteerr aatt aa vveerryy bbaassiicc lleevveell.. TThhiiss iinncclluuddeess ooppeerraattiinngg ssyysstteemmss,, ccoommppiilleerrss,, aanndd uuttiilliittiieess ffoorr mmaannaaggiinngg ccoommppuutteerr rreessoouurrcceess..
5.
AApppplliiccaattiioonnss…… AApppplliiccaattiioonnss
ssooffttwwaarree ((aallssoo ccaalllleedd eenndd-- uusseerr pprrooggrraammss)) iinncclluuddeess ddaattaabbaassee pprrooggrraammss,, wwoorrdd pprroocceessssoorrss,, sspprreeaaddsshheeeettss,, ggaammeess …….. AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ssooffttwwaarree ssiittss oonn ttoopp ooff ssyysstteemmss ssooffttwwaarree bbeeccaauussee iitt iiss uunnaabbllee ttoo rruunn wwiitthhoouutt tthhee ooppeerraattiinngg ssyysstteemm aanndd ssyysstteemm uuttiilliittiieess..
6.
7.
AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr
TThhee aapppplliiccaattiioonn llaayyeerr iiss tthhee sseevveenntthh lleevveell ooff tthhee sseevveenn llaayyeerr OOSSII mmooddeell.. IItt’’ss tthhee ““hhiigghheesstt llaayyeerr”” ooff tthhee OOSSII mmooddeell..
8.
OOSSII:: LLaayyeerr 77
–– AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr TThhiiss iiss tthhee llaayyeerr aatt wwhhiicchh ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn ppaarrttnneerrss aarree iiddeennttiiffiieedd qquuaalliittyy ooff sseerrvviiccee iiss iiddeennttiiffiieedd uusseerr aauutthheennttiiccaattiioonn aanndd pprriivvaaccyy aarree ccoonnssiiddeerreedd
9.
AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr RReevviieeww
EEvveerryytthhiinngg aatt tthhiiss llaayyeerr iiss aapppplliiccaattiioonn-- ssppeecciiffiicc.. TThhiiss llaayyeerr pprroovviiddeess aapppplliiccaattiioonn sseerrvviicceess ffoorr ffiillee ttrraannssffeerrss,, ee--mmaaiill,, aanndd ootthheerr nneettwwoorrkk ssooffttwwaarree sseerrvviicceess..
10.
AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr PPrroottooccoollss::
TThhee HHyyppeerr TTeexxtt TTrraannssffeerr PPrroottooccooll,, oorr HHTTTTPP,, iiss tthhee mmoosstt wwiiddeellyy uusseedd AApppplliiccaattiioonn llaayyeerr pprroottooccooll iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd ttooddaayy.. IItt ffoorrmmss tthhee bbaassiiss ooff wwhhaatt mmoosstt ppeeooppllee uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee IInntteerrnneett ttoo bbee——tthhee WWoorrlldd WWiiddee WWeebb.. IIttss ppuurrppoossee iiss ttoo pprroovviiddee aa pprroottooccooll ffoorr tthhee rreettrriieevvaall ooff HHyyppeerr TTeexxtt MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee ((HHTTMMLL)) aanndd ootthheerr ddooccuummeennttss ffrroomm WWeebb ssiitteess tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee IInntteerrnneett..
11.
AApppplliiccaattiioonn LLaayyeerr PPrroottooccoollss
HHTTTTPP –– HHyyppeerr TTeexxtt TTrraannssffeerr PPrroottooccooll FFTTPP –– FFiillee TTrraannssffeerr PPrroottooccooll PPOOPP –– PPoosstt OOffffiiccee PPrroottooccooll SSMMTTPP –– SSiimmppllee MMaaiill TTrraannssffeerr PPrroottooccooll SSSSLL –– SSeeccuurree SSoocckkeett LLaayyeerr TTeellnneett –– ffoorr rreemmoottee ccoommppuutteerr aacccceessss
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