Shock: types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment patterns

1. SHOCK:
Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Shock Definition Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Hypovolemic shock
Emergency condition in
which severe blood or
other fluid loss makes
the heart unable to
pump enough blood to
the body. This type of
shock can cause many
organs to stop working
Haemorrhage
Burns
Dehydration
Excessive diuresis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetes
Pregnancy related
disorders
Anxiety or agitation.
Cool, clammy skin.
Confusion.
Decreased or no urine
output.
Generalized weakness.
Pale skin colour (pallor)
Rapid breathing.
Sweating, moist skin.
Blood tests.
Electrocardiogram
(EKG).
Echocardiogram.
Right heart (Swan-Ganz)
catheterization.
Computed tomography
(CT) or other imaging.
Endoscopy.
1. IV fluids
2. O2 therapy
3. Blood transfusion
may be required.
4. Vasopressors and
inotropes
(epinephrine,
norepinephrine,
dopamine,
dobutamine)
Septic shock
(Distributive)
Septic shock is the last
and most severe stage of
sepsis. Sepsis occurs
when your immune
system has an extreme
reaction to an infection.
Gram negative bacteria
DM, CKD,
Malnutrition, Alcohol
Abuse, Respiratory
Infections,
Haemorrhage, Cancer,
Surgery, Prolonged IV
Cannulation, Multiple
Blood Transfusion
Fast heart rate.
Fever or hypothermia
(low body temperature).
Shaking or chills.
Warm, clammy or
sweaty skin.
Confusion or
disorientation.
Hyperventilation (rapid
breathing).
Shortness of breath.
Initial Laboratory
Studies. Complete
blood cell count with
differential.
Microbiology Studies.
Blood cultures.
Plain Radiography.
Chest.
Ultrasonography.
CT and MRI.
Lumbar Puncture.
1. IV Fluids
2. O2 therapy
3. Antibiotics
4. Ventilator
5. Surgery (to remove
abscess)
6. Vasopressors
(vasopressin,
norepinephrine)
7. Insulin
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is a
life-threatening
condition in which your
heart suddenly can't
pump enough blood to
meet your body's needs.
The condition is most
often caused by a severe
heart attack, but not
Myocardial Infarction,
Left Ventricular Wall
Rupture, Acute
Ventricular Septal
Defect, Congestive
Heart Failure, End
Stage Cardiomyopathy,
Severe Valvular
Dysfuntion, Massive
Rapid breathing.
Severe shortness of
breath.
Sudden, rapid heartbeat
(tachycardia)
Loss of consciousness.
Weak pulse.
Low blood pressure
(hypotension)
Blood pressure
measurement.
Electrocardiogram
(ECG or EKG).
Chest X-ray.
Blood tests.
Echocardiogram.
Cardiac catheterization
(angiogram).
1. IV fluids
2. O2 therapy
3. Vasopressors and
inotropes
(epinephrine,
norepinephrine,
dopamine,
dobutamine)

2. everyone who has a
heart attack has
cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary Embolus,
Overdose Of Beta
Blockers/Calcium
Channel Blockers
Sweating.
Pale skin.
Neurogenic shock
(Distributive)
Neurogenic shock is a
combination of both
primary and secondary
injuries that lead to loss
of sympathetic tone and
thus unopposed
parasympathetic
response driven by the
Vagus nerve.
Spinal Card Injury,
Autonomous Nervous
System, Toxins, Spinal
Anesthesia,
Gillian-Barre Syndrome,
Low blood pressure
(hypotension).
Slow heart rhythm
(bradyarrhythmia).
Flushed, warm skin that
gets cold and clammy
later.
Lips and fingernails that
looks blue.
Lack of full
consciousness.
CT scan
(If you have a spinal
injury)
MRI scan
(It can help to detect
any irregularities with
your spinal column.)
Urinary catheter
(With some spinal
injuries, you may be
unable to urinate on
your own)
1. IV fluids
2. O2 therapy
3. Vasopressors and
inotropes
(Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Vasopressin,
Phenylephrine
Norepinephrine.
Epinephrine
Atropine
Glycopyrrolate.
Isoproterenol.
Theophylline
Aminophylline)
Anaphylactic shock
(Distributive)
Anaphylaxis is when you
have a severe allergic
reaction to an allergen,
such as a certain food or
insect bite. Anaphylactic
shock can be life-
threatening
Allergies to
Food,
Insect bites
Medications.
Itchy skin or a raised,
red skin rash.
Swollen eyes, lips, hands
and feet.
Feeling lightheaded or
faint.
Swelling of the mouth,
throat or tongue, which
can cause breathing and
swallowing difficulties.
Wheezing.
Abdominal pain, nausea
and vomiting.
Collapse and
unconsciousness.
Blood test to measure
tryptase that can be
elevated up to three
hours after anaphylaxis
Skin tests or blood tests
to help determine your
trigger.
1. IV fluids
2. O2 therapy
3. Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
4. Epinephrine
(adrenaline)
5. Intravenous (IV)
antihistamines and
cortisone
6. A beta-agonist (such
as albuterol)
7. Hydrocortisone