Asean Essay

Asean Essay
The History of the ASEAN
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), the most successful intergovernmental
organization in the developing world today. It was preceded by an organization called the
Association of Southeast Asia (ASA), which is founded by the Philippines, Thailand and the
Federation of Malaya (now part of Malaysia) on July 31, 1961.ASA was replaced by ASEAN later
on. According ASEAN's report, ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand,
with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of
ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand（ASEAN，n.d.）.
ASEAN achieved a new cohesion in the mid–1970s in Southeast Asia after the end of the Vietnam
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To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through
joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a
prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;
2. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in
the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations
Charter;
3. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the
economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;
4. To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the
educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;
5. To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilization of their agriculture and industries, the
expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the
improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living
standards of their peoples;
6. To promote Southeast Asian studies
7. To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional
organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation
among themselves.
The Function of the ASEAN
The motto of ASEAN is "One
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Cooperative Procurement Essay
Introduction
Research Gap
Key questions
Key Literature
The idea is how a combination of theories and frameworks concerning to Cooperative Procurement,
e–Sourcing and Outsourcing can represent a benefit to SME and an opportunity for a new business.
– Cooperative Procurement; Cooperative Purchasing; Collaborative Procurement and Purchasing
Consortia.
In the current literature, the concept of Cooperative Purchasing has been vaguely defined. Beyond
that, there is a vast terminology to nominate the concept regarding to Cooperative Procurement or
the other terms aforementioned. Schotanus (2007) in his thesis included a list of the most employed
denomination. The table present more than 150 terms and according to him the most common used
in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although he is a Public sector specialist, he extends the idea describing as two or more group of
organization or people that are engaging in Procurement for reciprocal benefit. Although there are
many source about Purchasing Consortia, this concept is not very frequently adopted by the
industrial sector (Essig, 2000). This idea of cooperation between organizations is not recent. Some
Japanese companies used sogo–shoshas, a group of companies with common ownership and
leadership that is vertically integrated. Another similar approach is virtual organization, that consist
in independent organizations forming a temporary network with a common goal to share skills and
cost. This derives from another Japanese's concept, Keiretsu: a collective organizational based on
mutual shareholding and cooperation that includes different companies as finance, trading, suppliers
(Rey, 2002).
The advantages and disadvantages of Cooperative Purchasing has been largely discussed in the
literature. There is a vast literature about interorganisational cooperation, however there is not a
comprehensive theory for the successful for this cooperation (Das and Teng, 2000). The most related
advantage is the cost reduction, considering the consolidation of demand and reduction of
administrative cost. In fact, it is not just a financial saving, but the operational time is optimized as
well in some cases. Nollet and Beaulieu

Economic Co-operation and Development and Eco-innovation
Through ASEM, SMEs that involved would benefit from both Asia and Europe, which the key
activities that ASEIC provides consultation service for SMEs in order to improve their business
towards efficiencies and sustainable growth by technology sharing within members partner. This
initiative also would help to develop an index to evaluate the level of eco innovation, which for
instance the establishment of a web portal for SMEs of ASEM member countries by providing
updated global environmental policies, practices which are relevant to SMEs. Moreover, the
establishment of ASEIC itself, are initiated in improving the communication between both
stakeholders in both continents. As a historical background, ASEIC has been initiated during the
2010 ASEM on Green Growth and SMEs which in conjunction of ASEM Summit 2008 and
officially operated in June 2011. (ASEIC, 2011)
Based on Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development (OECD) reports, eco–
innovation is different from any other types of innovation because of the result which it mitigates
from the environmental impact, whether the effect is intended or not. Furthermore, its scope may
transcend the traditional structural limitations of the innovating organization, thus involving broader
social arrangements that could spur socio–cultural and institutional changes and society in a bigger
scope and contribute to the development of the nation itself. (Fernandez, 2011)
Apart from promoting a company's corporate image and

International Governmental Organizations And Organizations
Introduction Other names for intergovernmental companies are international governmental
organizations or intergovernmental organizations. These are organizations that are primarily made
up of the sovereign state that are termed as member states. They may also be made up other
intergovernmental organizations. Intergovernmental companies/intergovernmental organizations are
usually referred to as international organizations; however, the definition may also cover
international non–governmental organizations (Taninchev, 2015). Some examples of international
non–governmental organizations are multinational corporations and international non–profit
organizations. When it comes to public international law, intergovernmental companies turn out to
be an important aspect. These organizations are created by treaty. The treaty acts as a charter that
makes up the group. During the formation of treaties, governments of many states (lawful
representatives) undergo the process of ramification. This process of ramification gives the
intergovernmental companies an international legal personality. In a legal sense, intergovernmental
companies need to be distinguished from simple coalition or grouping of states, such as the Quartet
or G8. Simple coalitions or grouping have not been created by a constituent document. They are
only present as task groups. There is also a big difference between intergovernmental organizations
and treaties. A number of treaties that are usually made do not create

The Era Of Co Operation And Developing International...
Introduction Today is the era of co–operation and developing international relations. Globalization
has brought countries closer to one another and has formed different organizations and alliance for
mutual benefits. Representatives of nations gather in a common platform and discuss their countries
benefits, interests, problems and work together to achieve their goals. SAARC is such an
organization. SAARC is the acronym for South Asian Association for Regional Co–operation. As a
clear form the name SAARC is an inter–governmental platform for co–operation. SAARC's member
nations are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Srilanka with
UN, OIC, EU and China being the observers. South Asian Association for Regional Co–Operation
has always urged dismantling of non–traffic barriers to increase exports from developing countries
for 31 years. In every annual summit in one of the SAARC member countries, member nations have
more frequent formal and informal bilateral talks among themselves. In the Ninth Summit of
SAARC in 1997 these countries also endorsed the sub–regional grouping like "Growth
Quadrangle." It decided to introduce direct flights among the seven SAARC nations and resolved to
continue cooperation in fighting terrorism. Now, it needs to expand its activities appreciably try to
have meaningful interaction not only with ASEAN but also with Japan, a major world economic
power on the Asian belt. This essay discusses about South Asian

Climate Change Has Become The Most Pressing Issue Of Our Time
It is best put bluntly: climate change has become the most pressing issue of our time. It is a concern
so urgent that many say we have already passed a point in which we cannot recover; we can merely
hope to minimize the damage. It is an issue that has found its way to the forefront of many
governmental platforms, regardless of political affiliation. Most recently, APEC – Asia–Pacific
Economic Cooperation – held its yearly summit in Beijing, the capital of the world's greatest
polluter: China. However, the progress attained by this conference is what has newspapers, such as
the Washington Post, calling it the "best APEC summit ever. (cite)" China and the United States –
the world's largest emissions polluters – took a very encouraging step forward as both agreed to a
motivated joint plan that plans to drastically cut carbon emissions. Frequently seen as "antagonists
(cite)" in the in the realm of greenhouse emissions, this initiative is being viewed as one of the
largest in recent memory. The hope is that smaller countries will see the commitment from world
leaders such as the United States and China and will in turn become motivated to reduce emissions
as well. There seems to be an abundance of benefits in terms of energy but there could also be
hidden benefits to this agreement, more specifically, what does this initiative tell of U.S.–China
relations, both present and future? Unsurprisingly, there are many ways to answer this question and
to do so without the

Asia Southeast Asian Nations ( Asean )
Asia, and especially East Asia, is a region that has experienced significant economic growth in a
relatively short period of time; yet it is a region without a strong regional institution. There are
several regional organizations in Asia starting with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) established in 1967 (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam), ASEAN plus three (China, Japan, South Korea) in
1997, ASEAN Regional Forum, East Asia Summit, Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC),
etc. Despite the numerous regional institutions within Asia, there has not been a cohesive structure
that is prominent like that of the European Union in Europe.
In Asia, the economic growth has been phenomenal and the deepening of economic integration and
larger trade volumes have led to both developed and developing nations to experience steady
economic growth, especially at 10.1% in 2007 (ADB, 2015). Nevertheless, especially with China's
economic slowdown, the Asian region is facing problems such as decrease in labor force, labor
productivity, and overall trade growth (ADB Report, 2015). In order to consolidate economic
integration of the region, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was implemented on December
31, 2015. The AEC is based on four pillars which are the following: a single market and production
base, a highly competitive economic region, a region of equitable economic development, and a
region fully integrated

Process Evaluation And Outcome Evaluation In Health Care
Due to the two terms {Process evaluation and outcome evaluation} being distinctively different
from the other term {Impact evaluation}, will first define the three terms (through credible health
management sources). Afterward, use cross–contextual analysis through the module readings to
answer the question. According to the NYS Health Foundation, Process evaluation defined as the
method of assessing how a program is being implemented (NYS Health Foundation, no date).
Furthermore, process evaluation focuses on the program's operations, implementation, and service
delivery (NYS Health Foundation, no date). Also according to the NYS Health Foundation,
Outcome evaluation defined as the assessment of the program's effectiveness and outcomes (NYS

Tarroto Is A Country
Despite being the smallest country in South America, Uruguay has a very diverse and interesting
history. Uruguay's capital city, Montevideo, was founded by Spain in 1728. Montevideo was a
military stronghold for Spain for several years until the territory was claimed by Argentina after the
Argentine War of Independence. The freshly liberated Argentina lost Uruguay to the Cisplatine
Province in 1821. Uruguay now under Brazilian rule declared independence in 1825 and by 1828
the country gained its own sovereignty (CIA 2017). Uruguay now borders Argentina and Brazil. As
a result of its colonial past Uruguay's culture has both Spanish and Brazilian influence. The
country's close proximity to Argentina and Brazil influences its political, ... Show more content on
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The legislative branch is divided into the chamber of senators and the chamber of representatives.
The two chambers enact laws and regulates the administration of justice (Michigan State University
2016).
As of 2015 the Uruguayan president is Tabaré Vázquez. Vázquez also served as president of
Uruguay from 2005 to 2010. He was reelected as president in November 2014 after beating Luis
Pou from the Nationalist party. Vázquez ran as the Frente Amplio, or Broad Front, presidential
candidate. Frente Amplio is a left wing political party in Uruguay that has governed Uruguay since
2004. Tabaré Vázquez started this trend as the first leftist president in Uruguay's history. His triumph
was surprising because the coalition was composed of conservative members including former
guerrillas, socialists, and communists. He ran under a campaign of changing economic legislations
and social legislation to aid the impoverished in Uruguay. Vázquez's first act as president was to
announce two million dollars worth of aid for the twenty percent of Uruguayans in abject poverty. In
2004, Tabaré Vázquez rise to power was the beginning of leftist trends across Latin America
(Weinstein 2016).
As a small country Uruguay has a big international presence due to its participation in numerous
international organizations. Uruguay joined the United Nation two short months after its conception.
Uruguay's connection and status in the United Nations are strong. Uruguay is a full member

The Asia Pacific Economic Corporation Essay
Introduction The Asia pacific economic corporation was established in 1989 for growing linkage of
Asia–pacific economies and consider the local economic blocs. This corporation for promoting
economic growth, cooperation, trade, and investment in the Asia pacific region. Its work
concentrates basically on taxes, non–duty measures, administrations, deregulation, debate
intervention, Uruguay Round usage, speculation, traditions methodology, norms and conformance,
versatility of representatives, licensed innovation rights, rivalry strategy, government acquisition and
standards of starting point. Setting up members include Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan,
South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States.
APEC works forward higher standard of living and advanced education through feasible economic
growth. APEC includes all major economies of the region and the most progressive rapidly growing
economies in the world. APEC is the main bury legislative gathering on the planet working on the
premise of non–tying duties, open dialog and equivalent appreciation for the perspectives of all
members. Not at all like the WTO or other multilateral exchange bodies, has APEC had no
settlement commitments required of its members. Choices made APEC are come to by accord and
responsibilities are embraced on an intentional premise. APEC's twenty one member economies had
combined gross domestic product over us sixteen trillion in 1988 and 42

The Current State Of International Politics
In this paper I will argue that the current state of international politics is characterized more by
cooperation then conflict, and the international politics today is more cooperative then it was in
previous eras of international relations. The change in behavior is a result of increased participation
in formal international institutions, and the growing interconnectedness of societies as a result of
globalization. The shift in international relations from conflictual to cooperative behavior can be
seen in international security, monetary relations, and the environment, as states, combined with
new non–state actors have begun to utilize formal institutions to generate solutions to international
tribulations.
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
The anarchic nature of international politics creates insecurity for states at the international level,
forcing states to develop institutions to create their own security. Throughout history, actors have
developed various approaches to mitigate the anarchy of international politics, such as arms build
up, alliances, and hegemonic balances of power. While these systems may offer some cooperation,
given the multipolar nature of the world today and the increase in security threats from non–state,
transnational actors, our current system of collective security institutions has created a new era
cooperation in international security.
Security Previous Eras
In previous eras of international relations, states have attempted to gain security

ASEAN Essay
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an intergovernmental organization founded
on August 8, 1967. It initially consisted of five founding members, but as the organization grew to
ten members, it failed to adapt to the changes, address issues within the region, and appeal to all of
its members– and thus failed to guarantee cooperation. Typically, an international organization's
effectiveness is evaluated through their effectiveness in problem–solving, and legal, economic,
normative, and political effectiveness. An IO's effectiveness is also contingent on variables such as
interdependence, competing interests, the role of powerful states, and heterogeneity of membership.
When evaluating ASEAN, their ineffectiveness in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has proven to be true as ASEAN members' differences have acted as barriers to the successful
integration of their pillar goals. Every ASEAN member state pursues its own national interests and
is reluctant to delegate sovereignty to ASEAN. There is economic disparity and inequality amongst
the countries. Member states like Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand "dominate intra–ASEAN trade,
accounting for about 70%", while intra–ASEAN trade across all ten member states is at 25%. Some
member states have trade agreements with countries outside of the organization, which reduces the
efficacy of trade agreements within ASEAN. But ASEAN fails to address this problem due to their
main principle of sovereignty. The inequality and lack of intra–ASEAN trade undermines the goal of
regional integration, thus removing authority from ASEAN. The lack of commonality makes it
difficult for prosperous nations to cooperate with unstable ones, especially since some are bound to
benefit more than others. According to the charter, the decision–making mechanism of ASEAN is
based on consultation and consensus, avoiding any infringement on state rights. This often prevents
members from reaching agreements and resolutions. This is problematic when faced with inter–
member conflicts. For example, many members have overlapping claims to the South China Sea's
Spratly Islands. ASEAN "shuns intrusiveness into the internal affairs of its

The Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Essay
The association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN) is a regional grouping comprising ten
Southeast Asian states, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic
integration among its members (Fry, 2008). The organization was formed on 8th August 1967,
preceding an organization that had been created in 1961 known as Association of Southeast Asia. It
was formed when some foreign ministers signed the ASEAN declaration, which is normally
recognized as the Bangkok declaration.
The common fear of communism and the thirst for economic development motivated the formation
of the organization. The organization was created to promote political and economic cooperation
and regional stability along with providing a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences
peacefully. Its declaration formalized the principles of peace and cooperation.
The collective action problem of the organization is to encourage regional peace with stability
through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the
state plus adherence to the doctrine of the United Nations charter. Cooperative peace and shared
prosperity is the fundamental goal of the organization (Than & ASEAN 2001). Also, the
organization accelerates the economic growth, cultural development in the region and social
progress through joint endeavors in the spirit of fairness and cooperation in order to reinforce the
foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community.
The

The Pattern And Content Of East Asian Economic Integration
4.1.1. The Pattern and Content of East Asian Economic Integration
The most representative regional economic organization in East Asia is ASEAN, which was
established in Bangkok and formed by five founding members, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia also joined successively
to form the ten countries of ASEAN. ASEAN is abbreviated by Association of Southeast Asian
Nations, which was built to contain the Communist forces with the purpose to steady military affairs
and political neutrality initially. According to Tong (2005), the content of East Asian economic
integration can be classified as Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Comprehensive Economic
Partnership (CEP). Previously, East Asian economic integration focuses on the operation of FTA
which applies the zero tariffs on member countries; nowadays, economic cooperation agreement is
inclined to CEP which contains wider issues of economic cooperation such as tariff reduction,
deregulation of investment policy, enlargement of factors of production and etc. to draw the relation
between member nations and achieve a higher level of integration (Jin, 2003). Moreover, the
continuing goal of ASEAN is to promote the inter–regional economic development, enhance the
partnership and maintain the peace in the region (Taiwan ASEAN Studies Center, 2014). Before
Asian financial crisis, ASEAN is a representative of the regional economic organization that
especially focuses on

Indonesi A Successful Model Of A Muslim Nation Practicing...
Indonesia is the world's third largest democracy and the world's largest Muslim country. The country
is also the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G–20 major economies. (G–20,
2015) The bilateral relationship between the United Sates and Indonesia is significant if for no other
reason than the first two facts mentioned. The cooperation between the United States and Indonesia
(a successful model of a Muslim nation practicing democracy) can have far–reaching effects past
Indonesia's regional Southeast Asian boarders. In this assessment of Indonesia, I will discuss the
significance of Indonesia to America and regional effect on its Southeast Asian neighbors more in–
depth. Indonesia plays a significant role to the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The rise of China and India has, in turn, started the process of the emergence of a new regional
architecture in the Asia–Pacific. Therefore, of particular importance is the imperative for Indonesia
and the US to work together in shaping a regional architecture that can accommodate everyone."
(Sukma, 2010) As the regional architecture changes it is highly likely that America's ability to
protect its interest in the region will increasingly depend on Indonesia's cooperation and support. An
example of this is the Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok straits, which are some of the world's most
important strategic sea–lanes. Close to half of the total global merchant fleet capacity transits the
straits around Indonesia. (Masters, 2003) The United States has economic and military interest in
keeping access to these straits open. Indonesia's significance to the United States hinges on how
close the bilateral cooperation between the two nations continues to be into the future. The second
and third order of effects of the significance of Indonesia to America will likely strengthen
relationships

The Pros And Cons Of Multilateral Cooperation
The book of Silverburg 2011 features contributions from well–established scholars and emerging
stars in law and politics, this cutting–edge reader provides students with a succinct overview of the
key issues facing international law and multilateral cooperation today. The authors offered diverse,
multinational perspectives on traditional and emergent issues in the practice and study of
international law. A concluding section on international political interaction covers a wide range of
issues that link international politics to international law and multilateral cooperation. In order to
understand the prospects of a multilateral cooperation, we need to look in more detail at the
willingness of states to build multilateral regimes. International ... Show more content on
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This goes to show that even the most powerful countries are also dependent international institutions
and multilateral cooperation to gain more benefits that it could offer. There are some recent research
on international institutions that questions legalism and law as well as their effectiveness with or
without regards to political realm. Scholars, few of them, had assumptions about realism, thus,
accepting that relevance of state power as well are arguing interests about world politics. Some
theorists draw conclusions on the influence of international institutions while recognizing the
preferences of states for private rights just avoiding full transparency. Since their states that are not
really certain about their partners and had some trust issues in the past, multilateral cooperation has
some functional hindrances. International institutions can counter this uncertainty by means of
encouraging negotiations and transparency. Past issues can be regarded with more open analyzation
while promoting honesty and preserving good relationship with one another. Thinking about the
normative implications of globalization, focus on the maintenance of effective democratic approach
in each society is one way of the establishing formal structures of international regimes. To be
consistent with democratic values for multilateral cooperation, international organizations that are
politically inclined must be accountable to all aspect of it failure or

Issues With Global Economic Agreement
Issues with global economic agreement
This article takes the international trade policy as the main research object, and carries on the key
research and the analysis to the performance effectiveness in the scope of this article. First it briefly
introduces the regional and global trade agreements that I will examine. Then list the member
nations, how the trade group formed, and the reasoning behind the agreement historically,
politically, and economically.
Introduction
I. Global Economic Organization – WTO defined.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization because of the benefits from
the mutually binding commitments. Countries join the international system and sign the
international trade agreement for the mutual benefit of all. This desire to work with other countries
encourages the country to sign the international agreement which regulates trade practices, and
ultimately maintains compliance with the policies of international trade. WTO was found in 1995,
and took the place of the GATT. In 2015, Kazakhstan became the 162th member.
(how the trade group formed, and the reason for the agreement historically, politically and
economically.)
II. Current Large Trade Agreements among countries in North America, Asia and Europe
The followings are current large trade agreements among countries in North America, Asia and
Europe, includes NAFTA, APEC, ASEAN, EU, and etc.
Body
I. Historical and political perspective on how the

Relations Between China And Russia
Since 1980s, international relations has had complicated and profound changes, among which the
political complexion between countries is significantly faded. In particular, with the speeding of
economic globalization and regional economic integration, the important role of economic force is
gradually highlighted in the world's political and economic relations. In recent years, China and
Russia, as two of the most important emerging economies, have maintained relatively even
economic growth under the whole international economic conditions, resulting in the increasingly
important roles in the international society. In addition, China and Russia have maintained good
bilateral relationship for more than 20 years, which has become one of the ... Show more content on
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Lu (2011) detailedly analyzed the status quo and development tendency of China–Russia economic
relation, and pointed out the crucial factors and disadvantageous factors influencing the
development of the bilateral relationship between China and Russia. Wang (2011) argued that the
level of the bilateral relationship between China and Russia had a relatively great gap from the
strengths of these two countries, and analyzed the new tendency and reconstruction issues of China–
Russia economic relation, and finally pointed out that the participation of Russia in WTO would be
conductive to solve economic disagreements and differences between China and Russia in the
international environment. Besides, Lu (2012) focused on the regional economic cooperation
between China and Russia, and concluded that the two countries should attach significance to the
cooperation in energy projects, science and technology, strategic projects and infrastructure
construction. At the same time, Lu (2012) indicated it was important for the two countries to
enhance regional cooperation. Zhao (2010) made a systematical analysis on the establishment of
China–Russia free trade zone and the necessity and feasibility of establishing the free trade zone,
and suggested the government establishing this trade zone in accordance with regions, stages and
fields. Moreover, Song & Wang (2008) thought fusion degree of economics was a concept used to
study the economic

Disadvantages Of APEC
Recently, the Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation or better known as APEC has been a hot topic in
the Philippines. All the economies gathered in the Philippines for the annual meeting (November
18–19, 2015). The "Mexican Hottie" and the "Canadian Bae" has also been a trending topic since
the APEC meeting. Due to the huge event, flight schedules had been cancelled (November 16–17,
2015.) to accommodate the arrivals of the presidents and prime ministers. The whole event was said
to cost billions of Philippine pesos. So, what is APEC? What is its purpose? Has it been effective?
The Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation is an organization that was established in the year 1989.
The cooperation creates tangible effects and benefits for the people within the Asia–Pacific region
through their projects. There are currently 21 members (can also be referred to as "economies") in
the organization. In a year, it is estimated that the APEC members propose about 100 projects. These
projects usually focus in sharing knowledge and skills to other people. For example, promoting and
accelerating regional economic integration. Regional integration is a procedure which ... Show more
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May it be through free trade, counter–terrorism, human security, energy security and the likes. Like
most groups, APEC has advantages and disadvantages that can't be avoided. This populous
organization shows how disparate economies can unite to achieve the same goal. Being in this
cooperation, we should maximize our learning from other countries so that we would benefit. With
this organization, we strengthen our accord with other countries, so that they will be our allies in the
future. With Philippines being a fragile country, we should be wary of agreements with other
members of APEC. With this personal research it has been a privilege to host the APEC 2015
Summit meeting, considering that powerful leaders were able to enjoy their stay in our beloved
country

The United Kingdom And International Trade Agreement And...
Economic cooperation by various countries is a necessity as opposed to a choice in this globalized
world. Many economic partnerships are regional, and all regions on the planet have their own.
Examples include the European Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the North
American Free Trade Agreement and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. There are others
that are not regionally based an example being the agreement established by the African Growth and
Opportunity Act, which ties the United States and several African governments. The United
Kingdom is not immune to these cooperative measures. This paper shall look at the structure.
Economic associations
"The United Kingdom continues to be an active member of the European Union though not without
significant levels of domestic opposition" (UK.GOV, 2015). It makes use of the trade agreements
that make up the region and participate in fiscal policy. The difference between the nation and other
members of the EU is that it opted out of the Euro; the single currency union. The United Kingdom
has retained its pound in trading and policy and looks set to stay on that course. However, it does act
with the European Union in handling economic issues that face the continent and the world.
The nation also has membership in the G7, which expands into G8 and G20. "Though the
organization is not a trading or fiscal arrangement, it does bring together the world's largest
economies to one table and provides a platform

Asia Pacific Economic Commission ( Apec ) Essay
History
Asia Pacific Economic Commission (APEC) was established in 1989, the regional economic forum
to take advantage of the growing interdependence of Asia–Pacific region. APEC idea was first
brought by former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke in Seoul, Korea on 31 January 1989
during delivering a speech. After ten months 12 Asia–Pacific economies met in Canberra, Australia
to establish APEC. Initially just 12 countries started APEC and the remaining pacific countries
joined in 1991. And continues up to 1998 finally becomes 21 countries in APEC. From 1989 to 1992
, APEC meet as an informal senior officials and ministerial dialogue. In 1993 , former US President
Bill Clinton , the establishment the annual APEC Economic Leaders ' Meeting of the cooperation in
the region to provide greater strategic goals and direction of approach.Main intention of 21 APEC
members to promote balanced, inclusive , sustainable , innovative and secure growth, create greater
prosperity of the people of the region by accelerating regional economic integration .
APEC Functioning
APEC will ensure that goods, services, capital and people move easily across borders. Duties of 21
APEC members to facilitating faster border clearance procedures in the industry ; and adjustment of
regulations and standards across the region ; border behind a more favorable business environment.
APEC Process
APEC work as a cooperative , multilateral economic and trade forum. In APEC consensus , all
economies have

Facets And Trends Of International Economic Cooperation
Ward Westray
Professor Skidmore
POLS 126
23 September 2014
Facets and Trends of International Economic Cooperation International trade is an often–vexing
field of study. The breadth of its scope, and the multitude of political, socio–economic, and strategic
components that influence its inputs and outputs, can seem staggeringly huge, frustrating attempts to
narrow in on and accurately study a select topic. One commonly observed trend is that of economic
globalization, the phenomenon wherein countries' economic situations, bolstered by increased
international economic cooperation, can become significantly dependent on other countries. Despite
its seemingly inexorable nature, however, globalization – and international economic cooperation in
general – is not a fixed variable in international affairs, nor has it ever been. Many kinds of factors
play a large role in determining the success or failure of efforts to organize international
cooperation. On the domestic level, these chiefly consist of public influence and economic and
developmental circumstances, while on the international level, factors including state sovereignty
and political systems and institutions are highly influential. The worldwide existence of domestic
sector–inclined protectionist tendencies and international competitiveness, each to various degrees,
will undoubtedly continue in the future; however, the interconnectedness of international economic
cooperation, bolstered by international institutions,

The Organization of Islamic Conference
The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is the second largest inter–governmental
organization after the United Nations which has membership of 57 states spread over four
continents. The Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world and ensuring to safeguard
and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and
harmony among various people of the world. The Organization was established upon a decision of
the historical summit which took place in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco on 12th Rajab 1389 Hijra
(25 September 1969) as a result of criminal arson of Al–Aqsa Mosque in occupied Jerusalem.
In 1970 the first ever meeting of Islamic Conference of Foreign Minister (ICFM) was held in ...
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The Organization is composed of the following main bodies:
The Islamic Summit, composed of Kings and Heads of State and Government of Member States, is
the supreme authority of the Organization. It convenes once every three years to deliberate, take
policy decisions and provide guidance on all issues pertaining to the realization of the objectives and
consider other issues of concern to the Member States and the Ummah.
The Council of Foreign Ministers, which meets once a year, considers the means for the
implementation of the general policy of the Organization by, inter alia:
a. Adopting decisions and resolutions on matters of common interest in the implementation of

Relations Between Bilateral And Multilateral Relations
NAME: WAINAINAA. N. ID NO: 638552 COURSE: POLITICS OF REGIONLISM IN AFRICA
COURSE CODE: IRL 3045 LECTURER: KATETE G. DATE: 11TH JUNE 2015 SUMMER
SEMESTER INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: GIVING EXAMPLES GIVE AT LEAST THREE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BILATERAL COOPERATION AND MULTILATERAL
COOPERATIONS. INTRODUCTION Bilateral and multilateral relations are terms commonly
referred to in International Relations. Both terms are focused on relationships that are either
amongst two states commonly referred to as bilateral cooperation whereas multilateral cooperation
refers to relations amongst three or more states. Furthermore, this cooperation is based upon the
premise of enabling not only economic stability but also diplomatic ties amongst states. Inasmuch as
both bilateral and multilateral cooperation share common goals, there are differences that set them
apart. Trade, is one such factor, in an increasingly global and competitive environment it is
imperative that states engage in trade to improve their economies. Therefore bilateral trade
agreements allow states to benefit from each other's resources allowing unlimited access in each
other's markets. Moreover it is important to note that inasmuch as these countries have expanded
access, there are also standardized business regulations that prevent countries from dumping
products at a cheap cost, stealing innovative products or using unfair subsidies. By engaging in this
trade agreement, benefits such as elimination of tariffs or

All Saarc Members Apart From Sharing Same History
Analysis All SAARC members apart from sharing same history have some other shared interests
and problems. Locating in South Asia which is world's most densely populated and one fertile
region, these countries have common tradition, dress, food, culture and political aspects. And most
importantly these eight countries share common problems and issues like poverty, illiteracy,
malnutrition, natural disasters, internal conflicts, industrial and technological backwardness, low
GDP and poor socio–economic condition and efforts for uplifting living standards. Apart from
working together to track and solve these problems together, these nations also desire of promoting
peace, stability, amity and progress in the region through strict adherence to the principles of the
United Nations Charter and Non–Alignment, particularly respect for principles of sovereign
equality, territorial integrally, national independence, non–use of force and non–interference of
internal affairs of other states and peaceful settlement of all disputes. SAARC Achievement And
Failures: Being comparatively a new organization in the global area, SAARC's achievements are
many; but it has many failures as well. SAARC has made tremendous improvement owing to the
interaction and cooperative efforts by the member states. The progress and development of SAARC
during the recent years can be looked at under the following headings: Considerable increase in
Cooperation since the formation of SAARC. The level of

Ikenberry Neoliberalism
John DeForne
Prof. Rossi
Int. Organizations
8/1/15
Week 4 Reading Evaluation History has shown that cooperation among states is important in regards
to international politics. There have been many attempts made to create systems of government that
promote both state sovereignty as well as international organization. Concepts such as postwar
neoliberalism and unipolarism emerged in an attempt to achieve these goals. Ideas developed during
hegemonic eras may also continue to exist long after the hegemony disappears as well, because
these ideas are so successful in promoting international collusion among nations.
The concept of neoliberalism is studied in Ikenberry's "Liberal Hegemony and the Future of
American Postwar Order". The theory of neoliberalism is an approach to economics where control
of economic factors is focused on by the private sectors of government rather than the public
sectors. The main points of neoliberalism suggest that governments should deregulate markets,
reduce public spending on social services, and privatize state owned markets. This model shifts
away from the concept of community and toward the idea of individual responsibility; basically,
people are held responsible for their own lack of services such as education and welfare, and ...
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An increase in technology as well as rising globalization has brought the world closer together in a
way, and this has created a need for states to become more interdependent of one another. For
example, an economic decline in China could have negative impact on the economy of North
American countries. In the same way, a communist revolution in one country could result in
communist revolutions in neighboring countries as well. The point is that since countries are now so
closely connected to one another, international organizations are needed in order to maintain rules
and

Cooperation In Ukraine
The major trading partners of Ukraine in 2014 were Germany (17.9%), Poland (13.5%), and Italy
(9.3%).
Their cooperation consist in several different areas. For Germany, as an example, cooperation
consisted of inter–parliamentary cooperation, economic cooperation which began in 2005 in areas
such as energy, banking system, agriculture, coal industry, metallurgy, transportation, engineering
and public utility infrastructure. Legal cooperation also exists in the arenas of economy, industry,
science and technology, promotion, and agreement to avoid double taxation of taxes, as well as
trade, economic, and investment cooperation.
Poland's cooperation consists of areas such as education and cultural. Culturally, both nations are
ardent about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. What international organizations does Ukraine cooperate with? What does their cooperation
consist in? Explain and provide examples (talk about at least 3 organizations).
Ukraine cooperates with international organizations the Council of Europe, UNESCO, and NATO.
With NATO, Ukraine "signed a charter that set political commitments of both sides to continue
developing on high level a "distinctive and effective" partnership, which will promote further
stability and common democratic values in Central and Eastern Europe"( Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Ukraine). It also set the foundation on which NATO and Ukraine agreed to work together
for Euro–Atlantic security and stability and in the areas such as conflict prevention, crisis
management, peace support and humanitarian operations"(Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine).
NATO–Ukraine relations deal with problems, boost mutual efforts and interaction for consolidating
peace and stability in Europe, and maintaining legal standards to meet those of the new European
community.
Ukraine cooperates with the WTO. Ukraine became a full–fledged member of the Organization in
mid–2008. Together they iron out foreign trade policy (as they want all members to actively
participating in

Us-Mexico Labour Problems
THE US–MEXICO RELATIONSHIP IN GLOBALIZATION ERA
Prepared by
Wendi Aprizal
Matric: 812493
Prepared for Dr. Norafidah Ismail
GFPP 5234 International Political Economy
Strategic Studies of Universiti Utara Malaysia
2013
THE US–MEXICO RELATIONSHIP IN GLOBALIZATION ERA
1. Introduction In this paper author would like to explain about the process Globalization during the
cooperation between US and Mexico in NAFTA framework. During the cooperation US asked
Mexico to provide immigrant labor from Mexico, in term of providing, sending and working of the
labor, we found so many labor rights problems that they have to solve seriously. In this article author
would like to analyze the development ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some economists were surprised the agreement is still not finish yet to increase the economy of
Mexico, although the Asian competitor has a rapid rise of low–cost competitors may have blunted
the main advantages of NAFTA.
3. Globalization
In this section, author would like to analyze about the Globalization, starting about the definition we
can find so many definitions about Globalization. However the author would like to define the
definition of Globalization in term of economic cooperation and cooperation among nations,
"Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational
and transcultural integration of human and non–human activities." (Nayef R.F. Al–Rodhan, 2006)[1]

Based on this definition the author explained about the process of globalization, and the
globalization was impact of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non–human
activities, the globalization was consequences of those processes and also influence of platform of
respective country. Transnational and transcultural activities among state encompasses the many
terms of life in international system, for example economy, politics, health, education, environment,
social, culture and arts, Alan Deardorff also argues about the definition of globalization,
"Globalization involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the
transmission of knowledge; cultural

Us Health Care System With Organization For Economic...
Comparison of US health care system with Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development(OECD): Referring to the health care performance analysis done by the
Commonwealth Fund, the US health care system consistently fails to achieve the balance between
the service provided and the expenditure incurred. "Although the U.S. spends more on health care
than any other country and has the highest proportion of specialist physicians, survey findings
indicate that from the patients perspective, and based on outcome indicators, the performance of
American health care is severely lacking," stated by the Commonwealth Fund . Amongst the OECD
countries the United states accounted for the highest health care spending of 16.9% of GDP in
2012,it is greater than 7.5% above the OECD average of 9.3%1.As compared with the other OECD
countries, the United States health spending is evenly distributed between public and private
sectors1. The public sectors expenditure on health care was 48%, in 2012, which is well below the
average of 72% in other OECD countries1. While comparing the health care system of USA with
other OECD countries we come across various reasons which depict why the health spending in US
is so enormously high. They may be as follows: Compared to OECD countries like Canada,
Germany, France, Switzerland and Japan, it is observed that United States spends more by 60% on
hospitals. The United states expend almost 2.5 times the average of other OECD countries on

Sample of Personal Statement
读书计划/个人陈述 (PERSONAL STATEMENT或STATEMENT OF PURPOSE) 读书计划是在
申请过程中按照学校的要求来写一篇有关申请人过去背景，目前成就和未来目标的文章，一
篇成功的读书计划不但应语言流畅，且文章逻辑严谨，层次分明，能充分显示申请人的才华
并抓住审阅人的注意力。要写出这样的文章，既使对于母语为英语的澳大利亚人来说都是十
分不易的，更不要说对于母语为非英语的中国学生。但是澳大利亚的学校在读书计划这项材
料上并不对中国学生降低要求，他们认为既然申请人被录取后会与澳大利亚学生一起学习，
那么就应用同样的标准衡量国际学生，一篇成功优秀的读书计划不仅仅要求文法上没有错
误，还要求语言流畅并具有感染力与吸引力，同时要说明自己的整体素质与学术成就，这的
确不是一件容易的事。许多学生为了写一篇优秀的读书计划要花上一个月的时间，这并不奇
怪。然而，写好一篇读书计划并非很难，首先我们要明白审阅这篇读书计划的人想要知道什
么，审阅人最看重什么，什么样的读书计划才算是出色的。然后我们才可以根据自己的情况
写出这篇文章。读书计划可以分为两种不同的类型:
一种是总括型读书计划，这种类型的读书计划实质上是一种个人散文（Essay），即用最大的
广度、最可能的深度来介绍申请人的情况，无论是背景、现状、还是未来。这种类型的读书
计划被广泛应用于医学院、法学院等研究生院中。
另一种是专业型读书计划，这类读书计划往往着重介绍申请人在某学业或事业领域上的成就
与见解，在一种小范围内尽可能详尽他说明自己的情况，这种类型的读书计划常在商学院的
申请人中见到。 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was born in 1981, the starting period of China's economy reform designed and implemented under
the leadership of Mr. De Xiaoping. I have witnessed the dramatic changes in the continuous
infrastructure construction, observable improvement of living standards, greater enrichment of
social life, gradual deregulation of policies and strong growth of local economy. All the positive
sides make everybody fond of the market economy, especially my parents, both of who are
managers of property development companies. My parents have great influence on me, so when I
was young, I start to learn how to keep abreast of the modern society by learning the new
knowledge and skills.
The world is already heading toward the new economy, although there are still some turmoil in
certain fields and period. The explosive information technology changed the world in such quick
and significant manners that many economists can't explain well. Meanwhile, China is joining
WTO, the economy at this moment is growing at 8% annually, by further eliminating non–tariff
barriers and reduce tariff rates, China's market will experience huge structural changes and countless
opportunities will emerge to make China the hottest spot in the world economy. As a Chinese
student, I am living in a new

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ( Apec )
Introdution In Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), is that the head gathering for making
open doors for financial development, collaboration, exchange, and interest in the Asia–Pacific
locale. APEC was built up in 1989 in light of the developing relationship of Asia–Pacific economies
and the approach of provincial monetary coalitions. Establishing individuals incorporate Australia,
Brunei, Canada, United States Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand.APEC works towards a higher expectation for everyday comforts and advanced
education levels through manageable monetary development. Current patterns of monetary
improvement have brought about noteworthy imbalances in the public eye and harms to
environment. A large number of ecological issues, for example, environmental change and
contamination, emerge from utilization and generation designs: high utilization of fossil energizes
and assets, sustenance asset exhaustion, water lack, land occupation, and so on. History APEC was
built up in light of the developing association among Asia–Pacific economies and to the need to
propel Asia–Pacific monetary dynamism and feeling of group. APEC started in the 1989, when
Australia facilitated the main yearly meeting of theForeign Trade Ministers of twelve Asia–Pacific
economies to examine approaches to build participation in this quick extending area of the world.
Canada was an establishing individual from the APEC discussion, alongside

Disadvantages Of Anti Dumping Measures
Subsidies and countervailing measures
Countervailing duties (CVDs) which is also known as Anti– subsidy duties, are trade import duties
which are imposed under WTO's rule to remove the negative impacts of the subsidies. When a
foreign country subsidizes its exports which are harming domestic producers the importing state and
investigation has been done in this regard then these duties will be imposed.
As indicated by World Trade Organization , a nation can start its own particular examination and
choose to charge additional duties, if such additional duties are according to the GATT Article VI
and the GATT Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countervailing_measures)
A number of disciplines are alike to Anti–Dumping Agreement. Countervailing duties must be
charged after the importing nation has led a detailed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pakistan will have the chance to get access into the markets of Central Asia and Iran.
Essentially, APTTA brings down travel costs.
APTTA guarantees freedom of transit between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Oversight and Dispute Settlement
The Afghanistan Pakistan Transit Trade Coordination Authority (APTTCA) manages the
Agreement. It does includes members of Government and the private sector from both countries. It
usually meets twice a year or more if its requested. This Agreement introduces panels to investigate
on the dispute. The composition of panel is from representative of both countries and a neutral third
country. The panel's decisions are considered final ones.
Prohibition: no action taken under this agreement shall risk the harm or destruction of public
morals,human, animal, and plant life, national treasures, security of territory and mutually agreed
interest of both parties..
(http://moci.gov.af/en/page/8604)
ECOTA

An Examination of the Different Possible Microbes Present...
Examination Of The Different Possible Microbes Present In The Water System Prior To Purification
& Potential Damages Without Water Purification
Introduction
The objective of this study is to examine the different possible microbes present in the water system
prior to purification and potential damages without water purification. The World Health
Organization and the Organization for Economic Co–operation and Development report states that
water related issues were "high on the international policy agenda in the 1970s following the first
international conference on the environment, held in Stockholm in 1972. However, by the time of
the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981–90) interest had begun to
wane." (World Health Organization, nd)
However, due to disease outbreaks and the gaining of knowledge about the origins of disease and
the challenges presented in protect public health the level of public and professional concern about
water safety increased. (World Health Organization, nd paraphrased) During the spring of 1994
there was an outbreak of Cryptosporidium in Las Vegas, Nevada and this emphasized the need for a
better understanding of the "effectiveness of indicators and treatment processes in controlling
waterborne pathogens."" (World Health Organization, nd) This is reported to be due to the fact that
the outbreaks took place in waters meeting safety standards set out by the traditional index and
indicator bacteria guidelines. (World

Globalization of the Economy
Economic globalization has voluminous positive influences on international security as well. The
most important effect of economic globalization is that it curbs the authority of state. It also reduces
states' dependence on military based security and ultimately reduces states' monopoly on security.
This effect is considered by many, a prime factor contributing towards peace and stability. There are
number of factors associated with economic globalization which affects states authority.
Firstly, present economic globalization has opened the door of opportunities for most of the
countries. Though developed countries are making most profit from this opportunity but developing
and even least developing countries are also exploiting the mutual benefit. Due to open competition
local productions in less developed and developing countries are achieving better performance and
standard. Economic globalization is also creating employment opportunities in those countries. On
the other hand states are losing their monopoly on tax collection due to mismatch of economic and
political jurisdiction, and internet–based trade. Thus, on one hand economy has become priority for
states, and on the other hand states losing part of its control on economy. Therefore, economic
globalization is exerting its authority on political and state power.
Secondly, with economic globalization there is an immense increase of the number of MNCs and
their power in influencing politics. These MNCs, as

Asean Essay
The Quest for ASEAN Economic Community through Consensus Building
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) began on August 8, 1967, when Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, settled their differences and decided to form the
group due to the prevailing geopolitical conditions. Fresh from the debilitating effects of historical
antagonism brought upon by territorial disputes drawn by colonial division, the power vacuum left
by decolonization is quickly replaced by Cold War polarization. The need to stay neutral and
insulate them from big power rivalry becomes a necessity for the newly independent states who
have grown tired of foreign domination and intervention and just wants to live in harmony and
prosperity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This landmark agreement defined the group's development and organizational initiatives from its
inception until its current ten member states' configuration. ASEAN adopted the principles of
consensus decision–making and flexibility, which is an indirect pledge of non–aggression and good
faith. Since then, ASEAN's negotiations were carried out on the basis of accommodating every
member state's position as much as possible. There is always the use of constant consultations and
discussions until a viable consensus is reached. This seems to have worked to bolster relations
internally and somehow preserve each participant's sovereignty. It was also during this time that
ASEAN declared the group's pursuit of political stability and economic prosperity through the
ASEAN Concord. It was supported by establishing a secretariat to further consolidate its
achievements and expand cooperation in economic, social, cultural and political fields.
Asian Financial Crisis
In 1997, the group was suddenly faced by a financial crisis which brought down the economic gains
of each member state at that time to catastrophic levels, especially Indonesia and Thailand. The
group responded by pursuing an integrated economic policy and made the historic decision of
transforming the region into a single market and

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Is Only At The...
Conclusion
Thus, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is only at the initial stage of its development, there are
obvious problems, but there is progress. After just five years since its foundation, it is developing a
high–level cooperation in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism. There is the
potential for qualitative steps in the fight against the drug menace, successfully developing
economic cooperation, signed many important documents are created and continue to create the
necessary structures and mechanisms for their implementation. For the SCO there is still much to do
and decide, but it is already clear, the organization becomes a powerful and effective international
institution that attracts the eyes from all around the globe, it is gradually turning into an important
tool of international politics and security.
In recent years there have been many discussions and comments on the geopolitical nature of the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Matthew Brummer in the Journal of international affairs,
monitors the effects of the expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Persian Gulf.
Iranian writer Hamid Golpira said: "According to the theory of Zbigniew Brzezinski , control the
Eurasian continent is the key to world domination, and control over Central Asia is the key to
control of the Eurasian continent. Russia and China have drawn attention to Brzezinski 's theory,
since they formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2001,

The European Union ( Eu ) And The Association Of Southeast...
EU–ASEAN Dialogue relations
Executive Summary
The European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as two of the
most important regional organizations, have been interacting with each other on the economic,
political and cultural levels for more than four decades. In the 21st century, Asia has become the
most dynamic region in the global economy today. What is more, its regional security and stability
has grabbed increasing global attention as well.
From the EU perspective, after the financial crisis, economy in Europe has not fully recovered yet.
For EU, cooperating with Asia in economic sector is even more important since the latter has
world's largest population that buys almost a quarter of EU exports. Besides, EU has a strategic
interest in regional security in Asia. For example, the EU's interests would be hurt by tensions on the
Korea Peninsula or across the Taiwan Straits. Thirdly, nowadays, the US and Russia even other
emerging powers have further deepened their economic and political relationship with South East
Asia. Under this circumstances, the EU should speed up its pace strengthen its political and
economic presence across the region through comprehensive cooperation lest it would be
marginalized by both Asia and the US in the near future.
But in Asia, who is the most important partner of the EU? Except for China and Japan, ASEAN is
playing an increasingly important role in regional geopolitics and is proving to be a force for

United Kingdom's Economic Cooperation
United Kingdom's economic cooperation
Economic cooperation by various countries is a necessity as opposed to a choice in this globalized
world. Many economic partnerships are regional, and all regions on the planet have their own.
Examples include the European Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the North
American Free Trade Agreement and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. There are others
that are not regionally based an example being the agreement established by the African Growth and
Opportunity Act, which ties the United States and several African governments. The United
Kingdom is not immune to these cooperative measures. This paper shall look at the structure.
Economic associations
The United Kingdom continues to be an active member of the European Union though not without
significant levels of domestic opposition (UK.GOV, 2015). It makes use of the trade agreements that
make up the region and participate in fiscal policy. The difference between the nation and other
members of the EU is that it opted out of the Euro; the single currency union. The United Kingdom
has retained its pound in trading and policy and looks set to stay on that course. However, it does act
with the European Union in handling economic issues that face the continent and the world.
The nation also has membership in the G7, which expands into G8 and G20. Though the
organization is not a trading or fiscal arrangement, it does bring together the world's largest
economies to

Asean Essay

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